基于SolidWorks和Ansys的20 ft集装箱石材运输架设计

目的 为解决石材在长距离运输过程中,存在不易加固、破损率高、运输成本昂贵等问题,设计一款安全、轻便、可循环使用、可拆解、便于回送的20 ft(1 ft=0.3048 m)集装箱石材运输架.方法 首先按照《铁路货物装载加固规则》要求,计算作用在石材上的各种力,确定装载加固方案,再根据《钢结构设计规范》及20 ft通用集装箱内部结构确定石材运输架的材料与规格,然后采用SolidWorks对运输架进行三维建模,利用Ansys对模型进行有限元分析.结果 分析得出,石材运输架最薄弱部分应力分别为155.36,99.56,99.48,70.87,343.75 MPa,位移变形量分别为0.54,1.95,0.60,0.01,0.10 mm,均符合规定.结论 20 ft集装箱石材运输架运输效率高,可实现"门到门"运输,应用前景良好,对当下石材运输发展有较大影响.     

卷钢专用平台箱的三维建模及有限元分析

目的 针对国内外采用集装箱方式装载卷钢的现状及存在的问题,初步设计一种20 ft(1 ft=0.3048 m)卷钢专用平台箱(内部尺寸为5.9 m×2.35 m×2.393 m,门宽为2.342 m,门高为2.28 m),并分析其力学性能.方法 利用SolidWorks软件建立平台箱的三维模型,通过对其在调车冲击工况下的载荷和约束进行分析,利用Ansys Workbench软件建立有限元模型,并进行平台箱强度有限元计算.结果 得到该平台箱在最不利工况下的等效应力和位移情况.其中,卷钢支架支撑面和角件内侧壁部位出现了应力集中现象,最大工作应力值为234.01 MPa,不超出结构钢材料的许用应力(246 MPa);最薄弱环节的最大变形量为1.0572 mm,在允许范围内.结论 仿真结果表明该平台箱满足结构强度要求.     

基于SolidWorks的铁路敞车裸包装玻璃集装架设计

目的为解决铁路木箱包装玻璃运输过程中存在的包装费用贵、破损率高、耗时长、稳定性差等问题,设计一种安全稳定、可循环使用、易拆解回送、可适合多种规格玻璃运输的新型集装架。方法使用SolidWorks软件对集装架进行三维建模,确定装载加固方案,计算运输途中作用在玻璃上的各种力,对玻璃集装架进行有限元分析。结果集装架底架、侧门、档杆最薄弱部分应力分别为133.4,99.88,109.4 MPa,位移变形量分别为1.257,1.792,1.916 mm,均符合规定。结论铁路敞车裸装玻璃集装架运输,应用前景良好,可有效降低玻璃破损率,减少包装费用。     

基于SolidWorks和ANSYS的铁路卷状货物横向限位钢制座架设计

目的 针对卷状货物在铁路运输中常发生横向位移，危及行车安全等问题，设计一款安全可靠、适用车型广、结构强度高、循环使用、叠装回送、适合多种规格货物并带可伸缩横向限位装置的卷状货物运输钢制座架。方法 首先依据《铁路货物装载加固规则》，计算发生在卷状货物的各种力，制定装载加固方案;再依据《钢结构设计规范》及敞车、平集两用车内部结构，确定钢制座架材料与规格;然后通过SolidWorks对钢制座架进行三维建模，利用ANSYS对模型进行有限元分析。结果 分析得出，钢制座架受垂向力、纵向力，最薄弱部分应力分别为172.1、244.39 MPa，位移形变量分别为0.23、0.19 mm，均符合规定;横向限位装置在最不利载荷作用下，齿块剪应力为7.11 MPa，横向档杆最大等效应力28.66 MPa，最大变形量0.03 mm，均符合规定。结论 铁路卷状货物横向限位钢制座架安全可靠，能有效防止卷状货物横向位移，降低装载加固成本，对当下卷状货物运输发展有较大作用。     

钢化玻璃运输包装设计与有限元分析

目的以钢化玻璃为研究对象,设计安全合理的运输包装,并对其保护性能进行有限元分析。方法选择包装材料,设计运输包装各组件的结构及尺寸,利用Pro/E建立运输包装模型,利用Ansys Workbench模型进行静态堆码载荷仿真分析、模态仿真分析、随机振动仿真分析。结果通过静态堆码仿真得到等效应力最大值发生在松木托盘处,为0.506 MPa,远小于松木的屈服极限(10.47 MPa);等效应变最大值为0.0044,换算成包装件变形为2.31 mm,小于包装件允许变形量为4.2 mm;模态仿真分析得到包装件的工作频率为42.2,44.8,51.2,52.6,69.5,69.8 Hz,避开了汽车公路运输车的共振频率2 Hz和10 Hz;在随机振动仿真分析中,包装件在y方向位移为0.037 mm,远小于包装件允许变形量。结论通过仿真分析可以判定所设计的钢化玻璃运输包装方案合理,能够在运输过程中有效保护钢化玻璃的安全。     

基于SolidWorks和Ansys的铁路卷状货物横向限位运输座架设计

目的 针对卷状货物在铁路运输途中常发生横向窜动,造成货物损伤、危及行车安全等问题,基于当前主流运输座架和技术经验,设计一款安全可靠、适用多种车型、可叠放回送、可循环使用、适合多种规格卷状货物、带有横向限位装置的运输座架。方法 根据《铁路货物装载加固规则》,制定最不利工况下的卷状货物装载加固方案;依据《钢结构设计标准》及敞车、平车的结构,确定运输座架的结构和材料;通过SolidWorks-Ansys对运输座架进行建模和有限元分析,得到卷钢座架变形及应力的变化情况。结果 通过分析可知,运输座架会受到垂向力、纵向力,其最薄弱部分的应力分别为355.14、341.99 MPa,位移变形量分别为0.55、1.069 mm,符合规定;在最不利工况下,横向限位挡件的最大应力为28.89 MPa,最大变形量为0.04 mm,符合规定。结论 设计的铁路横向限位运输座架安全可靠,可有效防止货物发生横向窜动;叠装回送,可实现重去重回。该设计填补了现有运输座架对卷状货物无法进行横向刚性加固的空白,对当下卷状货物运输发展具有较大的促进作用。     

20 ft敞顶箱卷钢通用运输座架设计及强度检验

目的 在国家大力发展集装箱多式联运的背景下，研究20 ft(1 ft=304.8 mm)35 t敞顶集装箱的卷钢运输方式，根据卷钢的不同规格设计2类卷钢座架并分析验证其强度性能。方法 利用SolidWorks软件建立座架三维模型，利用Ansys Workbench软件分析座架在静载与冲击条件下的位移与应力变化，然后进行静载与冲击试验，依据《铁路货物装载加固规则》与《机车车辆强度设计及试验鉴定规范车体第2部分:货车车体》规定，对仿真结果与试验结果进行比较分析。结果 在静载与冲击工况下，仿真分析结果的位移与应力均不超过结构材料的最大许用值;试验结果前后座架状态完好，未发生明显损伤变形等情况;2类座架仿真分析结果与试验结果的最大绝对偏差仅为20.19 MPa和22.23 MPa，表明仿真分析结果具有较大精度。结论 设计的20 ft 35 t敞顶箱卷钢运输座架模型设计合理，强度符合规范要求，能够满足卷钢安全高效的运输需求。     

基于Ansys Workbench的投影仪运输包装仿真分析

目的为某型号投影仪设计运输包装,并检验该方案的防护性能和安全性能。方法运用有限元软件并进行相关试验,对投影仪包装件进行模态分析、随机振动分析和跌落分析。结果在随机振动仿真分析中,包装件前6阶固有频率均大于25 Hz,避开了公路和铁路运输的共振频率范围,不会发生共振;最大等效应力为4.628 MPa,最大变形量为1.526 mm,各部件应力和变形量均在安全范围内,符合抗振强度要求。在跌落仿真分析中,投影仪裸机跌落时的镜片等效应力最大值为123.49 MPa,超过了玻璃的许用应力(28 MPa),镜头发生破裂;投影仪运输包装跌落时,镜片上等效应力最大值降低为2.1728 MPa,其余部件应力值均未超过对应材料的屈服强度,符合抗冲击强度要求。结论根据分析结果,采用EPE发泡塑料和E型瓦楞纸板的运输包装方案结构设计合理,能够在运输过程中对投影仪起到保护作用,具有一定的可行性。     

灶具包装设计及鼓包问题研究

目的设计一款缓冲包装,以解决在实际物流过程中出现的灶具包装鼓包问题。方法采用发泡聚苯乙烯(EPS)与天地盖纸箱相结合的方案对灶具包装进行优化设计;在AnsysWorkbench有限元软件中建立灶具、缓冲衬垫和瓦楞纸箱的有限元模型,通过有限元软件模拟灶具在运输、堆码过程中受压时纸箱的变形情况,并与试验结果进行对比;分析包装的缓冲效果,验证包装方案对产品鼓包的改善情况。结果在压板上施加11 kN压力后,旧方案纸箱整体最大变形量为19.78 mm,在z轴方向,纸箱最大变形量为3.79 mm,在x轴方向,纸箱最大变形量为2.57 mm。新方案纸箱整体最大变形量为9.17 mm,z方向最大变形量为0.50 mm,在x轴方向,纸箱最大变形量为0.32 mm,可见改善明显。玻璃面板、承液盘、底盘等易损部件的实际应力均小于许用应力,且新方案各部件的实际应力低于旧方案,与试验结果相符。结论新包装能够满足灶具在实际流通过程中的缓冲要求,并能有效改善产品鼓包情况。     

空调缓冲衬垫有限元分析及优化设计

目的将有限元分析技术运用于空调包装件的静态堆码和跌落冲击性能分析和优化设计中。方法运用有限元分析软件,建立空调、缓冲衬垫的有限元模型。模拟包装件在静态和动态下的变形受力状况。以衬垫体积最小为目标函数,以衬垫及空调的最大应力值和变形值控制在许用值范围内为边界条件,对缓冲包装衬垫长光面省料槽的开槽宽度和长度进行尺寸优化。结果经过静压分析,缓冲衬垫变形量的最大值达到0.97mm,包装件受到的静应力最大值为1.56MPa;经过跌落分析,空调的最大加速度为493 m/s~2,空调外壳受到的最大静应力达到2.3 MPa;衬垫最大应力为1.12 MPa,衬垫应变为0.6%;经过优化分析,省料槽宽度约为26 mm,长度约为141 mm,分析表明衬垫设计满足缓冲防护要求。结论通过仿真分析和优化设计,可以对缓冲衬垫结构尺寸进行改进,在节约材料的同时能有效保护内装产品,可满足运输包装轻量化设计需求。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.