250 mV Supply Voltage Digital Low‐Dropout Regulator Using Fast Current Tracking Scheme

This paper proposes a 250 mV supply voltage digital low‐dropout (LDO) regulator. The proposed LDO regulator reduces the supply voltage to 250 mV by implementing with all digital circuits in a 0.11 μm CMOS process. The fast current tracking scheme achieves the fast settling time of the output voltage by eliminating the ringing problem. The over‐voltage and under‐voltage detection circuits decrease the overshoot and undershoot voltages by changing the switch array current rapidly. The switch bias circuit reduces the size of the current switch array to 1/3, which applies a forward body bias voltage at low supply voltage. The fabricated LDO regulator worked at 0.25 V to 1.2 V supply voltage. It achieved 250 mV supply voltage and 220 mV output voltage with 99.5% current efficiency and 8 mV ripple voltage at 20 μA to 200 μA load current.     

An ultra-low power output capacitor-less low-dropout regulator with slew-rate-enhanced circuit

An ultra-low power output-capacitorless low-dropout (LDO) regulator with a slew-rate-enhanced (SRE)circuit is introduced.The increased slew rate is achieved by sensing the transient output voltage of the LDO and then charging (or discharging) the gate capacitor quickly.In addition,a buffer with ultra-low output impedance is presented to improve line and load regulations.This design is fabricated by SMIC 0.18 μm CMOS technology.Experimental results show that,the proposed LDO regulator only consumes an ultra-low quiescent current of 1.2 μA.The output current range is from 10 μA to 200 mA and the corresponding variation of output voltage is less than 40 mV.Moreover,the measured line regulation and load regulation are 15.38 mV/V and 0.4 mV/mA respectively.     

一种快速瞬态响应的无片外电容LDO的设计

基于上华0.5μm工艺,设计了输入电压范围为3.5～6.5V,输出电压为3.3V,最大输出电流为100mA的CMOS无片外电容的低压差线性稳压器.提出了一种自动检测网络用来快速感应负载电流的变化,抑制输出电压的跳变,改善了负载瞬态响应.在稳定性方面,采用miller补偿,加之第二级采用了输出电阻很小的buffer结构[1],这样主极点和次极点分离很远使得系统稳定.仿真表明,该LDO在VIN=6.5V和VIN=3.5V下under-shoot分别为156mV和135mV,overshoot分别为145mV和60mV,线性调整率和负载调整率分别为0.023%和0.5%.     

A 50‐mA 1‐nF Low‐Voltage Low‐Dropout Voltage Regulator for SoC Applications

In this paper, we present a low‐voltage low‐dropout voltage regulator (LDO) for a system‐on‐chip (SoC) application which, exploiting the multiplication of the Miller effect through the use of a current amplifier, is frequency compensated up to 1‐nF capacitive load. The topology and the strategy adopted to design the LDO and the related compensation frequency network are described in detail. The LDO works with a supply voltage as low as 1.2 V and provides a maximum load current of 50 mA with a drop‐out voltage of 200 mV: the total integrated compensation capacitance is about 40 pF. Measurement results as well as comparison with other SoC LDOs demonstrate the advantage of the proposed topology.     

一种1.2V,80mA,5μF快速瞬态响应、高稳定性LDO的设计

基于上华0.5μm工艺,设计了输入电压为1.5V,输出电压为1.2V,最大输出电流为80mA,用于DC/DC里的CMOS低压差线性稳压器(Low-dropout regulator),作为带隙基准输出端的后续模块,以达到滤波和提高参考电压精度的目的。提出了一种补偿网络,可以保证负载电流发生变化时,相位裕量不发生变化;在补偿网络的基础上添加一个感应电容能够快速跟踪极点的变化,从而保证在负载电流跳变瞬间稳定性保持不变,防止了输出电压发生振荡的情形。此外,设计了一种瞬态响应提高电路结构来改善负载瞬态响应。仿真结果表明,在tt corner下该LDO线性稳压器在负载电流为1mA和80mA时的相位裕度均为83°,环路增益为80dB,流片测试结果显示过冲电压和欠冲电压均不超过100mV。     

一种动态补偿、高稳定性的LDO设计

设计并实现了一种动态补偿、高稳定性的LDO.针对LDO控制环路稳定性随负载电流变化的特点,给出一种新颖的动态补偿电路.这种补偿电路能很好地跟踪负载电流的变化,从而使控制环路的稳定性几乎与负载电流无关.设计采用CSMC 0.5μm标准CMOS工艺,利用Cadence的EDA工具完成电路设计、版图绘制和流片测试,最终芯片面...     

一种低噪声、高电源抑制的低压降稳压器

实现了一种低噪声、高电源抑制(PSR)的低压降线性稳压器。设计了一个新型的低温度系数高电源抑制的带隙基准源,这个基准源可以为稳压电路提供参考电压。采用带有低通滤波器的预调制电路来降低稳压器的输出噪声和高频电源行波干扰。测试结果表明,该稳压器的线性调整率为0.57mV/V,负载调整率为0.1mV/mA,100kHz下的交流电源抑制为-60dB。在10Hz～1MHz频率范围内,仿真得到的总输出噪声只有4μVrmss。该稳压器采用上华CSMC0.6μm、5V混合信号CMOS工艺设计,有效芯片面积为600μm×560μm。     

一种快速响应无片外电容低压差线性稳压器

为了改善负载跳变对低压差线性稳压器(LDO)的影响,该文提出一种用于无片外电容LDO(CL-LDO)的新型快速响应技术。通过增加一条额外的快速通路,实现CL-LDO的快速瞬态响应,并且能够减小LDO输出过冲和下冲的幅度。该文电路基于0.18 μm CMOS工艺设计实现,面积为0.00529 mm²。流片测试结果表明,当输入电压范围为1.5～2.5 V时,输出电压为1.194 V;当负载电流以 1 μs的上升时间和下降时间在 100 μA～10 mA之间变化时,CL-LDO的过冲恢复时间为489.537 ns,下冲恢复为960.918 ns;相比未采用该技术的传统CL-LDO,响应速度能够提高7.41倍,输出过冲和下冲的电压幅值能够分别下降35.3%和78.1%。     

一种用于LDO稳压器的共享预稳压电路

提出了一种用于LDO稳压器的共享预稳压电路.该共享预稳压电路中包含一个电源抑制减法电路以提高基准源的电源抑制,应用电流负反馈结构以降低基准源的温度系数和电源抑制随工艺阈值电压变化的敏感度,还可以降低LDO稳压器的输出噪声.仿真结果表明在阈值电压发生士20％变化的情况下,基准源的温度系数变化只有0.11×10-6/℃,电...     

一种高稳定性高精度低压差线性稳压器的分析与设计

提出了LDO,其基于缓慢滚降式频率补偿方法,通过在电路中引入三个极零对(极零对的产生没有增加静态功耗),不仅克服了常规LDO不能使用低等效串联电阻、低成本陶瓷输出电容的缺点,而且确保了系统在整个负载和输入电压变化范围内稳定工作.由于LDO通常给高性能模拟电路供电,因此其输出电压精度至关重要;而该补偿方法能满足高环路增益、高单位增益带宽的设计要求,从而大幅提高LDO的精度.该LDO基于0.5μm CMOS工艺实现.后仿结果表明,即使在低压满负载条件下,其开环DC增益仍高于70dB,满载时单位增益带宽可达3MHz,线性调整率和负载调整率分别为27μV/V和3.78μV/mA,过冲和欠冲电压均小于30mV,负载电流为150mA时的漏失电压(dropout电压)仅为120mV.     

Area-efficient linear regulator with ultra-fast load regulation

We demonstrate a fully integrated linear regulator for multisupply voltage microprocessors implemented in a 90 nm CMOS technology. Ultra-fast single-stage load regulation achieves a 0.54-ns response time at 94% current efficiency. For a 1.2-V input voltage and 0.9-V output voltage the regulator enables a 90 mV/sub P-P/ output droop for a 100-mA load step with only a small on-chip decoupling capacitor of 0.6 nF. By using a PMOS pull-up transistor in the output stage we achieved a small regulator area of 0.008 mm/sup 2/ and a minimum dropout voltage of 0.2 V for 100 mA of output current. The area for the 0.6-nF MOS capacitor is 0.090 mm/sup 2/.     

Internally compensated LDO regulator based on the cascoded FVF

In this paper, an internally compensated low dropout (LDO) voltage regulator based on the Flipped Voltage Follower (FVF) is proposed. By means of capacitive coupling and dynamic biasing, the transient response to both load and line variations is enhanced. The proposed circuit has been designed and fabricated in a standard 0.5 µm CMOS technology. Experimental results show that the proposed circuit features a line and a load regulation of 132.04 µV/V and 153.53 µV/mA, respectively. Moreover, the output voltage spikes are kept under 150 mV for a 2 V-to-5 V supply variation and for 1 mA-to-100 mA load variation, both in 1 µs.     

0.13μm BiCMOS低压差线性稳压器

设计了一种0.13μm BiCMOS低压差线性稳压器(LDO),包括BiCMOS误差放大器、带软启动的BiCMOS带隙基准源、"套筒式"共源-共栅补偿电路等。为了改善线性瞬态响应性能,在BiCMOS误差放大器的前级设置了动态电流偏置电路。由于所设计的BiCMOS带隙基准源对温度的敏感性较小,故能为LDO提供高精度的基准电压。对所设计的LDO进行了工艺流片。流片测试结果表明,该LDO可提供60 mA的输出电流且最小压差只有100 mV。测试同时验证了所设计LDO的负载和瞬态响应都得到改善:负载调整率为0.054 mV/mA,线性调整率为0.014%,而芯片面积约为0.094 mm2,因此特别适用于高精度、便携式片上电源系统。     

用于射频SOC芯片的低噪声高电源抑制比LDO

设计了一种能够为射频芯片提供低噪声、高PSRR、全集成LDO.采用SMIC 0.18μmRF工艺实现,芯片有效面积0.11 mm2.测试结果表明:当输出电流从0跳变为20 mA时,最大Ripple 为100 mV,稳定时间2μs;当输出电流为20mA,频率到1 MHz的情况下,PSRR＜-30 dB;从1～100 kH...     

An output-capacitor-free low-dropout regulator with subthreshold slew-rate enhancement technique

A low power output-capacitor-free low-dropout (LDO) regulator, with subthreshold slew-rate enhancement technique, has been proposed and simulated using a standard 0.18 μm CMOS process in this paper. By utilizing such a technique, proposed LDO is able to achieve a fast transient response. Simulation results verify that the recovery time is as short as 7 μs and the maximum undershoot and overshoot are as low as 55 mV and 30 mV, respectively. In addition, the slew-rate enhancement circuit works in the subthreshold region at steady state, and proposed LDO consumes a 46.4-μA quiescent current to provide a maximum 100-mA load with a minimum 0.2-V dropout voltage. Besides, excellent line and load regulations are obtained and the values are 0.37 mV/V and 2 μV/mA, respectively.     

A capacitor-free CMOS LDO regulator with AC-boosting and active-feedback frequency compensation

A capacitor-free CMOS low-dropout(LDO)regulator for system-on-chip(SoC)applications is presented.By adopting AC-boosting and active-feedback frequency compensation(ACB-AFFC),the proposed LDO enhancement circuit is adopted to increase the slew rate and decrease the output voltage dips when the load current is suddenly switched from low to high.The LDO regulator is designed and fabricated in a 0.6/am CMOS process.The active silicon area is only 770×472μm2.Experimental results show that the total error of the output voltage due to line variation is less than ±0.1 97%.The load regulation is only 0.35 mV/mA when the load current changes fromoto 100mA.     

采用增强型AB跟随器的快速响应LDO

设计了一种采用增强型AB跟随器作为缓冲器的快速响应LDO.利用跟随器的动态电流提高能力,显著地改善了误差放大器对功率MOS管寄生大电容的驱动;同时,由负反馈引起的阻抗降低效应将功率管的寄生电容极点推到了更高的频率,提高了环路的相位裕度.采用TSMC0.35-μm CMOS工艺进行仿真,当负载电流在0.1μs内从1 mA跳变到50 mA以及从50 mA跳变到1 mA时,相对于同等条件下的源跟随器LDO,输出峰值分别减少4 mV和46 mV,且稳定时间只需要0.2 μs和0.5 μs.     

低压差双电容补偿高瞬态响应线性稳压器设计

为适应现代电子产品对电源性能的较高要求,基于教学中应用的Spectre平台,采用源随器补偿方法设计了一种无片外电容的LDO稳压器。小补偿电容和大驱动能力的两级运放误差放大器,加快了电路的响应速度,提高了瞬态响应性能,并降低了输出电压波纹,从而增强了系统的稳定性。测试结果表明,电路的静态电流为30μA,工作输出电压为1.2 V,最大输出电流为100 mA,Vdrop为200 mV,相位裕度大于60°,在相应条件下的线性调整率SL、负载调整率So分别为0.05%(V/V),0.23%(V/A)。源随器补偿方法既可保证电路稳定工作,又能有效降低输出波纹和加快瞬态响应速度,已达到系统预期设计指标。     

Design of an LDO with capacitor multiplier

This paper presents a low quiescent current,highly stable low-drop out(LDO) regulator.In order to reduce capacitor value and control frequency response peak,capacitor multipliers are adopted in the compensation circuit with mathematic calculations.The phase margin is adequate when the load current is 0.1 or 150 mA.Fabricated in an XFAB 0.6μm CMOS process,the LDO produces 12.2 mV(0.7%) overshoot voltage while the current changes at 770 mA/100μs with a capacitor load of 10μF.     

A fast transient response low dropout regulator with current control methodology

A transient performance optimized CCL-LDO regulator is proposed.In the CCL-LDO,the control method of the charge pump phase-locked loop is adopted.A current control loop has the feedback signal and reference current to be compared,and then a loop filter generates the gate voltage of the power MOSFET by integrating the error current.The CCL-LDO has the optimized damping coefficient and natural resonant frequency, while its output voltage can be sub-l-V and is not restricted by the reference voltage.With a 1μF decoupling capacitor,the experimental results based on a 0.13μm CMOS process show that the output voltage is 1.0 V;when the workload changes from 100μA to 100 mA transiently,the stable dropout is 4.25 mV,the settling time is 8.2μs and the undershoot is 5.11 mV;when the workload changes from 100 mA to 100μA transiently,the stable dropout is 4.25 mV,the settling time is 23.3μs and the overshoot is 6.21 mV.The PSRR value is more than -95 dB.Most of the attributes of the CCL-LDO are improved rapidly with a FOM value of 0.0097.