改性羊毛的染色性及染料的选择

比较了氯化改性和拉伸改性羊毛的染色性。氯化改性羊毛的上色速率、上染平衡比原毛快,各项色样牢度基本相同或略高;在拉伸羊毛的拉伸率较高时,其上染率和平衡上染率会明显提高;拉伸(不)定型和染色条件对染色性能有明显影响。选择了1:1金属络合染料、1:2金属络合染料和溴代丙烯酰类毛用活性染料对改性羊毛染色,探讨了染色机理,在两种改性羊毛达到了低温染色的要求,80℃时上染速度快、上染率高,能透染。     

微波处理羊毛的染色性能研究

通过扫描电镜和激光拉曼光谱等技术研究了预处理前后羊毛纤维表面形态结构和二硫键含量的变化。讨论了微波辐射功率和时间对羊毛织物回潮率的影响。采用微波对羊毛进行辐射处理,通过研究微波辐射功率和辐射时间对羊毛染色织物表观得色量的影响优化出了处理羊毛的最佳工艺条件。通过最佳处理条件对羊毛织物进行处理,并且采用毛用兰纳素活性染料和派拉丁1∶1金属络合染料对羊毛织物进行染色,通过上染速率曲线测试了处理前后羊毛的上染性能。对比分析了羊毛织物未经微波预处理和经微波预处理染色后的上染率、固着率和总固着率等染色性能。     

实用染色的若干应用技术（24）

问：如何正确使用好酸性金属络合染料？ 答：酸性金属络合染料，如1：1型金属络合染料在生产中，可以像普通酸性染料一样染羊毛、蚕丝和锦纶织物。据文献记载，金属络合染料，用普通酸性染料的染色方法，无需再用铬媒剂，就能直接与羊毛产生盐结合，染法方便，染色牢度与媒介染料相近。如采用酸性络合黄N-WA、红N—WA、蓝N—WA和黑N—WA染料（上虞光明化工厂）对羊毛针织物、真丝双绉和锦纶（尼丝纺）进行染色试验，处方与工艺条件见表1。     

甜菜红用于羊毛染色的研究

分析了甜菜红对羊毛的染色性能以及羊毛经二乙胺处理后染色性能的改善。实验结果表明,甜菜红色素不耐高温、对羊毛染色必须在60℃以下并在强酸性条件下进行;羊毛经乙二胺处理后上染率明显提高, 染色时间明显缩短。     

Hostalan活性染料用于羊毛染色的研究

引言Hostalan染料是近年来发展的一类新型毛用活性染料,用于染羊毛,可以有效的控制染料同羊毛的反应速度,获得十分理想的勾染效果。本文着重对进口的Hostalan活性染料羊毛染色的工艺因素进行了优选,测定了在最佳工艺条件下染料的上染率和固色率及pH值、温度、助剂等条件对染色工艺的影响;对染料的移染匀染性进行了考察,而且还对后处理的条件进行了研究。通过实验得出以下结论:1.Hostalan染料用于羊毛染色,其固色率一般可达80％左右,染色品色牢度高。2.用这类染料染色时,染浴的pH值应     

稀土改性聚丙烯纤维染色性能的研究

采用稀土化合物苯甲酸镧与聚丙烯(PP)共混纺丝,对所得的共混改性PP纤维用分散染料和染色助剂染色,探讨了改性PP纤维的染色性能。结果表明,随着苯甲酸镧含量、染料助剂含量及染色时间的增加,改性PP纤维的上染率均增加。当苯甲酸镧质量分数为3%时,选用染色助剂氯化镧含量为0.8g/L的染液,染色时间为60 min时,改性PP纤维的上染率达75%。     

三氯化钕助染羊毛酸性染料染色研究

以三氯化钕为助剂，研究了酸性大红GR、酸性大红3R、酸性橙Ⅱ染羊毛的染色行为，三氯化钕的存在使酸性橙Ⅱ染色色牢度有所提高，在NdCl3浓度0．3％－0．4％（wt%)时达到最大值，但酸性大红GR，酸性大红3R的染色色牢度则无改善，三种染料染样鲜艳度都得到改善，NdCl3浓度浴温对上染率、色牢度的影响也进行了讨论。     

Albegal B对磺酸型1:2金属络合染料染羊毛的作用

一、前言磺酸型1:2金属络合染料具有牢度优良, 色谱全,操作简单,污染少等特点。因此,越来越受到人们的重视。但这种染料的匀染性还不够理想,所以染色过程中要加匀染剂。本文讨论了AlbegalB对磺酸型1:2金属络合染料Acidof深蓝M一TR染羊毛的作用及其浓度对上色率的影响。     

毛用1:2金属络合染料的化学结构及合成方法

前言毛用1:2金属络合染料是由酸性媒介染料及1:1金属络合染料发展起来的,因为能在中性浴中染色,又称中性染料。它与强酸性浴中染色的上面二类染料及一般酸性染料比较,具有不损伤羊毛、手感好的优点。染色工艺比酸性媒介染料简单,无含铬的染色废水。通常金属络合使染料的最大吸收波长增长,并使染色物牢度增加,但与一般酸性染料比较,色光较暗,主要用于染中深色。     

微波在羊毛染色中的应用研究

本文采用丽雅伦活性染料、兰纳素活性染料和派拉丁1:1金属络合染料对羊毛织物进行轧染微波固色。利用单因素实验和正交实验设计考察了半乳甘露聚糖用量、尿素用量、亚硫酸氢钠用量、染浴pH值、微波辐射功率、固色时间和固色前堆置时间对表观得色量K/S值和固着率的影响,得到了羊毛轧染微波固色的最佳工艺。分析了羊毛织物经微波固色的匀染性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。