Finite-difference time-domain numerical simulation study on the optical properties of silver nanocomposites

The effects of the nanoparticle geometry and the host matrix on the optical properties of silver (Ag) nanocomposites were investigated. The spatial intensity distribution and absorption spectra were obtained by solving Maxwell equations using the finite-difference time-domain method. Local enhancement of the optical field was produced near the surface of the Ag nanoparticle. As the nanoparticle size increased, the plasmon-induced absorption increased and the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) wavelength of the Ag nanocomposite was redshifted. As the nanoparticle geometry was transformed from a sphere to an ellipsoid, two plasmon peaks appeared and their spectral spacing became larger with increasing the aspect ratio. The effects of the nanoparticle size and the anisotropic geometry on the optical properties of the Ag nanocomposites can be described by the Maxwell-Garnett theory and the Drude model. From the absorption spectra of the Ag nanocomposites with five different host matrices (SiO2, Al2O3, ZnO, ZrO2, and TiO2), it was found that the SPR wavelength of the Ag nanocomposite was redshifted with increasing the refractive index of the host matrix.     

Sinterability, mechanical, and electrical properties of Al2O3/8YSZ nanocomposites prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis

Al2O3 nanoparticles added the YSZ for improving the mechanical property and the ionic conductivity. Al2O3/YSZ nanocomposites were prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and PECS process. The relative density of the Al2O3/YSZ nanocomposites was fully densified at a sintering temperature of 1100 degrees C. The grain size for 5 vol.% Al2O3/YSZ was less than 100 nm. The fracture toughness and total ionic conductivity of Al2O3/YSZ nanocomposites were improved compared with Al2O3/YSZ nanocomposites by conventional process, due to homogeneous dispersion and uniform particle size of added Al2O3.     

Au and NiO nanocrystals doped into porous sol-gel SiO(2) films and the effect on optical CO detection

Thin-film composites comprised of NiO and NiO/Au nanoparticles in a porous SiO(2) matrix have been prepared using the sol-gel technique. When at elevated temperatures (200?°C< T<350?°C) and exposed to carbon monoxide, the films undergo reversible changes in optical transmittance at wavelengths in the visible-near IR region. For NiO composite films heated at 330?°C and exposed to 1% CO in air, there is an increase in transmittance which approaches 2-4% over most of the visible range. For NiO/Au composite films the transmittance increase exhibits a wavelength dependence, with a maximum change which is close to 6% at λ≈630?nm and which is close to zero in the Au plasmon resonance range (λ≈550?nm).     

Influence of Water Vapor on the Isothermal Oxidation Behavior of Thermal Barrier Coatings

The oxidation of specimens with thermal barrier coating (TBC) consisted of nickel-base superalloy, low-pressure plasma sprayed Ni-28Cr-6AI-0.4Y (wt pct) bond coating and electron beam physical vapor deposited 7.5 wt pct yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) top coating was studied at 1050℃ respectively in flows of 02, and mixture of O2 and 5%H2O under atmospheric pressure. The thermal barrier coating has relatively low oxidation rate at 1050℃ in pure O2. Oxidation rate of thermal barrier coating in the atmosphere of O% and 5%H2O is increased The oxidation kinetics obeys almost linear law after long exposure time in the presence of 5% water vapor. Oxide formed along the interface between bond coat and top coat after oxidation at 1050℃ in pure O2 consisted of Al2O3, whereas interfacial scales formed after oxidation at 1050℃ in a mixture of O2 and 5%H2O were mainly composed of Ni(AI,Cr)2O4,NiO and AI2O3. It is suggested that the effect of water vapor on the oxidation of the NiCrAlY coating may be attributed     

HP40Nb钢热浸镀Al-Si高温氧化行为及组织研究

为提高高温抗氧化性能,对HP40Nb钢进行了热浸镀Al-10%(质量分数)Si,并进行不同温度扩散处理,研究了不同扩散处理试样在1000℃条件下的高温氧化行为,通过SEM,EDS和XRD分析了经不同扩散处理后的渗层在高温氧化过程中的组织结构变化.结果表明:经800℃/4h扩散处理,渗层由内层(NiAl+ Cr3 Si)...     

NiO/In2O3纳米复合材料的制备及气敏性能研究

采用水热法结合水浴法制备出了NiO/In2O3纳米复合材料,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)等对其微观形貌和晶相进行表征分析。表征结果表明,制备所得In2O3纳米微球直径为200~300 nm,其表面均匀包覆厚度约为20 nm的NiO纳米片。气敏测试结果表明,基于NiO/In2O3异质结纳米复合材料的气体传感器对甲醛的最佳工作温度为220℃;在最佳工作温度下,对浓度为1×10^-5的甲醛气体响应可达到20,响应/恢复时间分别为4 s/16 s,且具有较好的重复性和选择性。最后,对分级结构及p-n异质结对其气敏机理进行了探讨。     

In-situ Synthesis and Formation Mechanism ofTiN-Al_2O_3/Al Composite

The synthesis of TiN and Al2O3 by in situ injection of reactive nitrogen gas into molten Al alloys has been evaluated over the temperature range from 1000 to 1600℃. It is shown that TiN and Al2O3 can be formed in melt with nitrogen and surplus oxygen (in vacuum room of the induction furnace) as the reactive gases over 1000℃. Up to 2.1 wt pct Al2O3 and 5.2 wt pct of TiN in situ phases in an Al alloy has been formed in a range of size from 0.8 to 5 μm. The formation mechanism of TiN and Al2O3 is discussed in this paper.     

PECVD非晶SiOx∶H薄膜的Si—O—Si键红外吸收特性研究

用傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)测试分析了等离子体化学气相沉积法沉积的非晶SiOx∶H(0≤x≤2.0)薄膜中的Si—O—Si伸缩振动模与氧含量x的关系。Si—O—Si伸缩振动模在1000和1150cm     

添加La2O3对粉煤灰合成Al2O3-SiC复合粉体的影响

以粉煤灰和活性炭为原料,通过碳热还原反应在Ar气氛下合成Al_2O_3-SiC粉体,探究了一条低成本合成Al_2O_3-SiC粉体的可行途径。研究了添加La_2O_3对合成过程的影响。采用XRD和SEM表征了材料的物相组成和显微形貌。结果表明:当粉煤灰与活性炭质量比为100∶44,在1 550℃下保温5h,添加6%(质量分数)的La_2O_3时,可合成性能良好的Al_2O_3-SiC粉体,颗粒分布均匀,平均粒径为0.5~1μm,较不添加La_2O_3合成温度降低约50℃。     

SiC-ZrO2(3Y)-Al2O3纳米复相陶瓷的力学性能和显微结构

本文介绍用非均相沉淀方法制备的纳米ＳｉＣ－ＺｒＯ２（３Ｙ）－Ａｌ２Ｏ３复合粉体经放电等离子超快速烧得到晶内型的纳米复相陶瓷,超快速烧结的升温速率为６００℃／ｍｉｎ,在烧结温度不保温,迅即在３ｍｉｎ内冷却至６００℃以下。     

膨胀石墨基镍/炭复合物(英文)

NiO粒子修饰的压缩膨胀石墨(EGNiO)浸以煤焦油沥青,经550℃裂解,继而800℃水蒸气活化,制得Ni/C复合物块体。应用TEM考察了复合物中含Ni纳米粒的微结构排列方式。以N2吸附测定分析了复合物的比表面积和孔隙度。以2,2,3—三甲基戊烷脱氢裂解模型反应评估了复合物的催化活性并与EGNiO常规H2处理获得的参照物的活性做了比较。     

ZrO2对NiO/CeO2/γ-Al2O3复合催化剂结构的影响

以Ni(NO₃)_2·6H₂O、Al(NO₃)₃·9H₂O、ZrOCl_2·8H₂O和Ce(NO₃)_3·6H₂O为原料,采用共沉淀法分别制备了NiO/CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃和NiO/CeO₂-ZrO₂/Al₂O₃催化剂.通过X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和近边X射线吸收精细结构（XANES）等方法对催化剂的组成结构进行表征.结果表明,煅烧温度高于600℃时,NiO/CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂中的NiO与γ-Al₂O₃载体发生作用,形成NiAl₂O₄尖晶石;而NiO/CeO₂-ZrO₂/Al₂O₃催化剂中,NiO能够稳定存在,没有NiAl₂O₄尖晶石生成,且Al₂O₃与CeO₂和ZrO₂作用形成一种新的Zr_0.30Ce_0.45Al_0.25O_1.87固溶体.     

液相沉淀法制备ZTA纳米复相陶瓷

以NH₄Al(SO₄ )₂·12H₂O , ZrOCl₂·8H₂O , Y(NO₃ ) 3为母盐, 用NH4 HCO₃作沉淀剂, 控制滴定速度小于5 mL/ min , 采用液相沉淀法制备了纳米3 Y-ZrO₂ / Al₂O₃前驱体。分析了添加籽晶和煅烧温度对粉体性能的影响。在1000 ℃煅烧得到了分散性良好, 平均粒径为10 nm , 两相分布均匀的纳米复合粉体, XRD 分析显示前驱体在煅烧过程中无中间相γ-Al₂O₃ 和θ-Al₂O₃生成, 粉体具有较高的烧结活性, 在1550 ℃烧结3 h 后烧结体致密度达到98. 6 % , 断裂韧性可达7. 68 MPa·m1/2 。      

Oxygen Barrier of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube/Polymethyl Methacrylate Nanocomposites Prepared by in situ Method

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites were prepared by ultrasonic assisted emulsifier free emulsion polymerization technique with variable concentration of functionalized carbon nanotubes. MWCNTs were functionalized with H 2 SO 4 and HNO 3 with continuing sonication and polished by H 2 O 2 . The appearance of Fourier transform infrared absorption bands in the PMMA/MWCNT nanocomposites showed that the functionalized MWCNT interacted chemically with PMMA macromolecules. The surface morphology of functionalized MWCNT and PMMA/MWCNT nanocomposites were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The dispersion of MWCNT in PMMA matrix was evidenced by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The oxygen permeability of PMMA/MWCNT nanocomposites gradually decreased with increasing MWCNT concentrations.     

High-yield synthesis of carbon nanotube–porous nickel oxide nanosheet hybrid and its electrochemical capacitance performance

This study reports an easy chemical conversion route toward large-scale fabrication of carbon nanotube (CNT)–porous nickel oxide (NiO) hybrid nanocomposites as supercapacitor electrode materials. The electrocapacitive performance of CNT–porous NiO hybrids is evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge measurements. The synthesized CNT–NiO hybrid nanocomposite electrode presents a high specific capacitance of 759 F g⁻¹ at 0.5 A g⁻¹ in 6 M KOH aqueous electrolyte, which is almost twice that of pure NiO nanoparticle (388 F g⁻¹) electrodes and nine times of that of commercial NiO particle (88.4 F g⁻¹) electrodes. Furthermore, good capacitance retention is achieved after 1000 cycles of galvanostatic charge–discharge. The synergistic effects from the pseudocapacitance of porous NiO particles, good electrical conductivity, and open tip CNTs attribute to the high capacitance performance.     

Upconversion fluorescence and optical power limiting effects based on the two- and three-photon absorption process of a new organic dye BPAS

A new organic dye, trans-4, 4'-bis(pyrrolidingl) stilbene (BPAS), with large two-photon absorption (TPA) and three-photon absorption (3PA) has been synthesized. The molecular TPA cross section sigma2' at 550-670 nm and the 3PA cross section sigma3' at 720-1000 nm have been measured. The biggest sigma2' and sigma3' was 5.77 x 10(-47) cm4s/photon and 27 x 10(-75) cm6 s2 at 600 and 980 nm, respectively. In the experiment process we found that the strongest TPA wavelength is not at two times of the strongest linear absorption wavelength, but there is some blue shift. The 3PA-induced optical power-limiting properties have also been illustrated at 980 nm.     

Mechanical properties of porous Al2O3 composite with surface modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been reinforced in alumina (Al2O3) matrix to overcome the inherent brittleness of the Al2O3 matrix. In this work, MWCNTs were treated by acid to provide hydrophilicity to hydrophobic MWCNTs, inducing the homogeneous dispersion of MWCNTs in an aqueous solution. Aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) as a Al2O3 precursor was added in the solution with the modified MWCNTs, and then this mixture solution was filtered at room temperature. The prepared powders were calcinated at 800-1000 degrees C to reduce the gas pocket in the matrix by decomposition of Al(OH)3. Then the calcinated powders were formed, and heat-treated. The porous MWCNTs-Al2O3 composites show higher mechanical properties in flexure strength and hardness than the porous Al2O3 without the reinforcement phase, which is attributed to the high mechanical properties of MWCNTs. However, higher MWCNTs contents in the composites decrease the mechanical properties due to the aggregation of MWCNTs in the composites. Therefore, control of the MWCNTs content and its dispersibility in the matrix are key factors to be considered for the fabrication of the porous MWCNT-Al2O3 composites.     

全氟己酮灭火剂高温热裂解性能研究

基于GC、GC-MS和KM900手持式烟气分析仪测试手段,研究了全氟己酮在管式反应器中滞留时间为2s和5 s、裂解温度为500~750℃时的热裂解规律。结果表明:全氟己酮在550℃时开始分解,超过650℃裂解剧烈;主要裂解气体产物为十氟丁烷、六氟丙烯和全氟异戊烷;随着裂解温度和滞留时间的增加,全氟己酮裂解程度加剧,十氟丁烷和六氟丙烯生成量增加,全氟异戊烷的生成量先增加后减少;值得重视的是全氟己酮高温热裂解时有剧毒气体全氟异丁烯和毒性气体一氧化碳产生。     

先驱体热解制备富硼、氮BCN化合物及其发光性能研究

以三聚氰胺和硼酸为原料,在水溶液中反应合成出纤维状C₃N₆ H₆(H₃ BO₃)₂先驱体,通过使其在高温氮气氛下热解制备出了富硼、氮BCN化合物.利用XRD、FT-IR、XPS、SEM、HRTEM等对热解产物进行了表征,采用FS测量了热解产物的室温光致发光光谱,研究了热解温度对产物及其光致发光性能的影响.结果表明,1000℃以上热解均可制备出乱层石墨结构富硼、氮BCN化合物.随热解温度的升高,BCN化合物中的B、N含量逐渐增大,C含量逐渐减小.BCN化合物的晶体形状为棒状或纤维状,由相互交织的平均直径在2nm左右的纳米纤维构成.这些BCN化合物均为宽带隙半导体,在340~450nm和670~705nm出现了两个很强的呈明显宽化的光致发光峰,且随热解温度的升高,短波长的发射峰波长基本呈逐渐减小的变化趋势.     

氧化铝-氧化钛纳米粉末的形貌、微结构和晶型转变

用溶胶-凝胶法合成了含氧化钛质量分数为10wt.%、30wt.%和50wt.%的氧化铝-氧化钛纳米复合粉末和单纯氧化铝纳米粉末,用溶胶-凝胶法合成的氢氧化物前驱体在700-1200℃锻烧2h转变为相应的氧化物,用XRD和TEM对氧化铝-氧化钛纳米复合粉末的形貌、微结构和晶相进行表征,结果表明,二氧化钛质量含量每增加约20wt.%,复合氧化物中氧化铝的α相转变温度就降低100℃,随着氧化钛加入量的增加,复合氧化物的晶粒迅速减小。第二相的加入有效地抑制了氧化铝基体晶粒的快速长大。添加质量分数为30wt.%氧化钛且在1000℃下煅烧的样品拥有25-32nm的最小晶粒。