传感器网络调试研究综述

越来越多面向不同应用领域的传感器网络被部署在真实环境中,帮助人们以新的方式观测周围的物理世界.然而,这些系统常常会出现各种不可预期的故障,能否快速有效地对这些故障进行检测、定位和修复,是传感器网络调试需要研究的重要内容.在概述了传感器网络调试问题之后,文章总结、比较了传感器网络调试过程中常用的系统状态信息获取技术,然后从故障检测、故障定位和故障修复3个方面综述了代表性关键技术及相关工具,最后探讨了该领域未来的研究方向.     

Ambient intelligence: Technologies, applications, and opportunities

Ambient intelligence is an emerging discipline that brings intelligence to our everyday environments and makes those environments sensitive to us. Ambient intelligence (AmI) research builds upon advances in sensors and sensor networks, pervasive computing, and artificial intelligence. Because these contributing fields have experienced tremendous growth in the last few years, AmI research has strengthened and expanded. Because AmI research is maturing, the resulting technologies promise to revolutionarize daily human life by making people’s surroundings flexible and adaptive.In this paper, we provide a survey of the technologies that comprise ambient intelligence and of the applications that are dramatically affected by it. In particular, we specifically focus on the research that makes AmI technologies “intelligent”. We also highlight challenges and opportunities that AmI researchers will face in the coming years.     

构建军用无线传感器网络预警与探测系统设想

未来信息化战场上,以夺取制信息权为目的的信息对抗行动将贯穿于作战全过程,谁在信息的获取、传输、处理上占据优势,谁就能抢占战争的主动权.无线传感器网络作为一种新兴的技术发展方向,实现从信息获取到信息传输、处理以及目标系统控制的一体化智能管理,是信息技术发展的更高阶段,将在不远的将来掀起一场军事技术革命和未来战争的变革.研...     

Group-Based Trust Management Scheme for Clustered Wireless Sensor Networks

Traditional trust management schemes developed for wired and wireless ad hoc networks are not well suited for sensor networks due to their higher consumption of resources such as memory and power. In this work, we propose a new lightweight group-based trust management scheme (GTMS) for wireless sensor networks, which employs clustering. Our approach reduces the cost of trust evaluation. Also, theoretical as well as simulation results show that our scheme demands less memory, energy, and communication overheads as compared to the current state-of-the-art trust management schemes and it is more suitable for large-scale sensor networks. Furthermore, GTMS also enables us to detect and prevent malicious, selfish, and faulty nodes.     

一种能量有效的移动无线传感器网络MAC协议

基于S-MAC协议改进,利用虚拟簇之间边界节点的调度信息,采用能量有效的二次监听和灵活的调度自适应两个主要方法,设计一种能量有效的移动无线传感器网络MAC协议(EM-MAC),能实现移动节点更有效的更快速的睡眠——唤醒调度自适应。仿真结果表明该协议用于移动无线传感器网络,在能耗、延迟等性能方面有较好提高。     

Trustworthy service composition with secure data transmission in sensor networks

As the basis of the Internet of Things (IoT), sensor networks have materialized its computation and communication capability into anything in our modern lives. Service composition provides us a promising way to cooperate various sensors to build more powerful IoT applications over sensor networks. However, the limited capability of sensor node poses great challenges not only to trustworthy service composition but also to secure data aggregation. The complex composite structure, computation-intensive evaluation, and massive data transmission become burdens for service composition in sensor networks. To overcome these issues, this paper proposes a distributed approach to enable efficient trustworthy service composition with secure data transmission in sensor networks. By analyzing dependency relationships, the rules for computing service trust and data trust are proposed based a multi-level trust model. Then, each target component service can be evaluated independently through a model checker. Moreover, an identity-based aggregate signature is introduced in the composite evaluation to guarantee the secure data transmission among different components. The experimental results show that our approach not only achieves efficient trustworthy service composition with complex invocation structures, but also reduces the costs in the secure data transmission.     

面向生态监测的IPv6无线传感器网络研制及应用

环境监测是无线传感器网络应用的重要领域,特别是在流域生态学的研究中,发挥着非常重要的作用。为了帮助生态学家在恶劣的环境中收集科学数据,针对黑河流域生态研究的需要,我们提出了一套 IPv6 无线传感器网络(IPv6WSN) 的系统设计方案。本文重点介绍了方案中的三个关键技术:硬件平台的设计,IPv6 网络协议的集成以及 IPv6 无线传感网络(WSN) 的元数据建模。该系统已经在黑河流域研究计划(HiWater) 进行了实际部署和使用,为参与该研究计划的各相关领域科学家提供了大量的第一手数据,同时也为自主开发的 IPv6 无线传感网络在生态环境监测中的有效使用奠定了坚实的基础。     

一种利用分布式GA的传感器网络资源管理方法

如何减少能量的消耗和延长整个网络的生存期是传感器网络研究中的核心问题,在保障传感器最少探测概率的基础上,文章提出了一种利用分布式遗传算法的资源管理调度方法。经过仿真实验分析,此方法可以实现传感器网络能量消耗的最少化。     

基于地理信息静态分簇的无线传感器网络路由算法

通过路由算法减少节点的能耗、延长网络的寿命是无线传感器网络的研究重点之一。探讨了能量高效的分层无线传感器网络路由算法,提出一个基于地理位置信息静态分簇,根据节点剩余能量及节点在簇内的位置选择簇头的分层路由算法(GSCH),适用于静态无线传感器网络。仿真实验结果表明该路由算法有效地减少分簇成形及簇首选择的能耗,延长了整个网络的寿命。     

基于身份的无线传感器网络密钥系统

无线传感器络（WSN）是一类由众多微型传感器节点通过自组织的方式构成的网络。随着在军事、环境监测等方面的应用逐渐成为现实,其有效和安全通信问题由于自身的特性（如能量、计算能力和节点存储资源等的局限性）而显得更加突出。本文首先比较详细地介绍了无线传感器网络安全结构及其面临的问题;其次重点讨论了无线传感器网络密钥系统相关的研究现状;然后给出了一种有效的基于身份的无线传感器网络密钥系统方案及与其它方案的仿真比较实验。仿真实验结果表明,我们方案较其它密钥系统方案在处理时间和节点存储需求方面具有优势。     

无线传感器网络拓扑优化研究

无线传感器网络是新兴的下一代传感器网络,可以预计,无线传感器网络的发展和广泛应用,将对人们的社会生活和产业变革带来极大的影响和产生巨大的推动。路由技术是无线传感器网络通信层的核心技术,对无线传感器网络的拓扑研究将具有重要的现实意义。     

Towards Spatial Window Queries Over Continuous Phenomena in Sensor Networks

Recent research on sensor networks has focused on the efficient processing of declarative SQL queries over sensor nodes. Users are often interested in querying an underlying continuous phenomenon such as a toxic plume, whereas only discrete readings of sensor nodes are available. Therefore, additional information estimation methods are necessary to process the sensor readings to generate the required query results. Most estimation methods are computationally intensive, even when computed in a traditional centralized setting. Furthermore, energy and communication constraints of sensor networks challenge the efficient application of established estimation methods in sensor networks. In this paper, we present an approach using Gaussian kernel estimation to process spatial window queries over continuous phenomena in sensor networks. The key contribution of our approach is the use of a small number of Hermite coefficients to approximate the Gaussian kernel function for subclustered sensor nodes. As a result, our algorithm reduces the size of messages transmitted in the network by logarithmic order, thus saving resources while still providing high-quality query results.     

多媒体无线传感器网络拥塞控制研究

介绍了多媒体无线传感器网络的特点及其应用,分析了存在拥塞的原因,总结了近期无线传感器中拥塞控制算法的研究成果,在此基础上展望了多媒体无线传感器网络拥塞控制算法的研究方向.     

无线传感器网络时间同步新技术

时间同步是无线传感器网络的基本中间件之一.最近,许多基于时间信息交换的时间同步协议已被提出.然而,在大规模无线传感器网络中,同步误差随跳距的累积问题和可扩展性需求是传统的时间同步技术面临的主要挑战.为了应对这两个挑战,无线传感器网络的研究者们开始关注古老的萤火虫同步技术和最近才被提出的协作同步技术.直到最近,尤其是在Strogatz和Mirollo模型被提出以后,古老的萤火虫同步技术才在单跳网络内取得了突破性进展.而在多跳网络中,虽然已有大量的实验和仿真,但其收敛性仍有待从理论上进行研究.基于新颖的空间平均而非传统的时间平均的思想,协作同步技术为无线传感器网络时间同步提供了另外一个新的解决方案,尽管目前对其的研究仍停留于仿真阶段.介绍了萤火虫同步技术和协作同步技术的基本思想和目前在无线传感器网络中的研究及应用现状,并探讨了未来可能的研究方向.     

An analytical model for information retrieval in wireless sensor networks using enhanced APTEEN protocol

Wireless sensor networks are a new class of ad hoc networks that will find increasing deployment in coming years, as they enable reliable monitoring and analysis of unfamiliar and untested environments. The advances in technology have made it possible to have extremely small, low powered sensor devices equipped with programmable computing, multiple parameter sensing, and wireless communication capability. Because of their inherent limitations, the protocols designed for such sensor networks must efficiently use both limited bandwidth and battery energy. We develop an M/G/1 model to analytically determine the delay incurred in handling various types of queries using our enhanced APTEEN (Adaptive Periodic Threshold-sensitive Energy Efficient sensor Network protocol) protocol. Our protocol uses an enhanced TDMA schedule to efficiently incorporate query handling, with a queuing mechanism for heavy loads. It also provides the additional flexibility of querying the network through any node in the network. To verify our analytical results, we have simulated a temperature sensing application with a Poisson arrival rate for queries on the network simulator ns-2. As the simulation and analytical results match perfectly well, this can be said to be the first step towards analytically determining the delay characteristics of a wireless sensor network.     

Medium access control in wireless sensor networks

Limited energy, computational, and communication resources complicate protocol design within sensor networks and prevent the application of many techniques used within other networks. Constraints on sensor node cost further restrict which technologies sensor networks may utilize. Despite much attention in recent years, researchers have yet to achieve the goal of long term, independent operation of sensor network deployments under these constraints. One research direction considers the energy expended performing communication functionality. Medium access protocols provide the greatest influence over communication mechanisms and provide the most direct influence over the utilization of the transceiver, the largest energy consumer in most sensor nodes. We present a discussion of medium access control concepts in relation to sensor networks and examine previous wireless medium access control protocols to illustrate how they do not match the requirements and characteristics of sensor networks. We then present several protocols recently proposed in the literature specifically for sensor networks.     

无线传感器网络数据管理平台的设计

无线传感器网络技术是近年来比较热门且研究比较活跃的新兴领域,结合无线传感器网络的体系结构、节点定位算法这两个方面的已有研究,进行了有关无线传感器网络数据管理的平台设计,对传感器网络所获得的感知数据进行查询和分析,模拟仿真不同时刻目标节点的位置信息,进而将整个目标节点运动轨迹绘制出来,有效实现对目标节点的实时监控和跟踪。     

Distributed query processing in flash-based sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks are used in a large array of applications to capture, collect, and analyze physical environmental data. Many existing sensor systems instruct sensor nodes to report their measurements to central repositories outside the network, which is expensive in energy cost. Recent technological advances in flash memory have given rise to the development of storagecentric sensor networks, where sensor nodes are equipped with high-capacity flash memory storage such that sensor data can be stored and managed inside the network to reduce expensive communication. This novel architecture calls for new data management techniques to fully exploit distributed in-network data storage. This paper describes some of our research on distributed query processing in such flash-based sensor networks. Of particular interests are the issues that arise in the design of storage management and indexing structures combining sensor system workload and read/write/erase characteristics of flash memory.     

二进制无线传感器网络目标跟踪问题的研究

无线传感器网络是近几年发展起来的一门新技术,其研究的重点之一是目标跟踪问题。二进制传感器网络由于其低廉的布设代价、体积小、低能耗以及传感器节点简单,正得到越来越多的关注并用于目标跟踪。目前二进制无线传感器网络中的目标跟踪方法主要分为两大类:基于分段线性拟合的方法和基于粒子滤波的方法。现分别归纳总结现有二进制无线传感器网络中目标跟踪的两大类方法的研究成果并指出其优缺点以及未来的研究方向或需要完善的工作。