应力水平对线弧增材制造TA15钛合金疲劳行为的影响

以原位轧制线弧增材制造TA15合金为研究对象,研究了退火态TA15合金的疲劳性能与疲劳断裂失效行为。结果表明,退火态TA15合金的轧向和纵向组织均以α/β片层交叠形成的网篮组织为主,局部存在等轴晶粒分布。通过对S-N曲线进行拟合,TA15钛合金疲劳极限为311 MPa。试样断口包含疲劳裂纹源区、疲劳裂纹扩展区和瞬断区。裂纹均从表面萌生,同时裂纹扩展区存在大量的疲劳辉纹和二次裂纹,瞬断区由等轴状的韧窝构成,呈现典型的准解理断裂特征。在低循环应力下,裂纹主要穿过或沿着α/β片层组织进行扩展,裂纹扩展路径较长;在高循环应力下,裂纹开始沿着原始β晶界扩展,二次裂纹扩展路径较短但数量较多。疲劳裂纹容易沿着组织中相对薄弱的位置进行扩展,并且二次裂纹周围有裂纹分支生成。     

TC4-DT钛合金电子束焊接接头疲劳断裂过程的原位观测

通过对TC4-DT钛合金焊接接头显微组织的观察和疲劳断裂过程的原位观测,分析了焊接接头的显微组织特征,研究了焊接接头的疲劳裂纹萌生与扩展行为.结果表明:TC4-DT焊接接头疲劳断裂于母材区,疲劳裂纹萌生于试样的边缘,裂纹既可以沿着初生α相扩展又能直接切过初生α相扩展,裂纹的萌生寿命占整个疲劳寿命的比例较大,裂纹的扩展寿命很短.     

激光沉积修复TA15钛合金疲劳性能研究

采用激光沉积修复技术对铣切沟槽损伤的TA15钛合金锻件进行修复,研究了修复件的疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展特性。采用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜分析了试样疲劳断口以及纵截面。结果表明,修复后试样均断裂于修复区,其疲劳行为具有很强的组织敏感性,疲劳源区有与α片层集束尺寸和形貌相同的解理断裂面和撕裂特征。稳定扩展区的裂纹沿着α片层边界扩展,有的垂直于α片层,有的平行于α片层;固溶时效热处理后,组织敏感尺寸达到了单个片层尺寸的细小组织个体,表现为沿不同滑移方向分离的单个α/β片层撕裂和α′片层清晰排列的痕迹。细小、取向更多的片层集束使裂纹更容易偏转,增加了裂纹扩展路径的长度,从而消耗更多的裂纹扩展能量。     

热处理制度对TA15合金组织与性能的影响

研究了不同热处理制度对TA15钛合金显微组织和性能的影响。结果表明:两相区热处理时,获得了双态和等轴组织;β相区热处理,获得了魏氏组织,冷却速率决定了α片层和α集束的尺寸。魏氏组织的拉伸强度水平与双态/轴组织相当,断裂韧度较高,疲劳裂纹扩展速率较低,塑性有所降低。β相区空冷所得魏氏组织,具有中等强度水平,但断裂韧度较高,抗疲劳裂纹扩展性能最好。     

激光沉积修复TA15钛合金疲劳性能

采用激光沉积修复技术对铣切沟槽损伤的TA15钛合金锻件进行修复,研究了修复件的疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展特性。采用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜分析了试样疲劳断口以及纵截面。结果表明,修复后试样均断裂于修复区,其疲劳行为具有很强的组织敏感性,疲劳源区有与α片层集束尺寸和形貌相同的解理断裂面和撕裂特征。稳定扩展区的裂纹沿着α片层边界扩展,有的垂直于α片层,有的平行于α片层;固溶时效热处理后,组织敏感尺寸达到了单个片层尺寸的细小组织个体,表现为沿不同滑移方向分离的单个α/β片层撕裂和α′片层清晰排列的痕迹。细小、取向更多的片层集束使裂纹更容易偏转,增加了裂纹扩展路径的长度,从而消耗更多的裂纹扩展能量。     

TA15钛合金疲劳裂纹扩展与显微组织的关系

对TA15钛合金的疲劳裂纹扩展速率及其影响因素进行了研究.结果表明,在β区锻造的模锻件,其低倍组织为清晰可见的β晶粒,属于较粗大的网篮组织.在α β区锻造的模锻件,其组织为双态组织.β区锻件的塑性偏低,但其da/dN疲劳裂纹扩展速率明显比α β区锻件的慢.β区锻件的da/dN疲劳裂纹的断口形貌中,包括裂纹扩展的初期、中间阶段和末尾断裂阶段,都明显存在二次裂纹和解理脆性特征.     

TC11/TC17线性摩擦焊接头疲劳性能及断口分析

针对TC11/TC17线性摩擦焊接头及母材进行了高周疲劳性能测试。结果表明,接头的高周疲劳强度与TC11母材相当,断裂发生在TC11母材一侧。通过对断口形貌进行分析,发现疲劳断口分为明显的3个区域:裂纹萌生区、裂纹扩展区、最终断裂区,且疲劳断口裂纹萌生于试件近表面处。裂纹扩展区较平整,在整个断口中占了较大的比例;裂纹扩展的初始阶段可观察到二次裂纹和由塑性变形引起的撕裂棱存在,裂纹扩展区后期阶段断口形貌以塑性撕裂为主。最终断裂区与裂纹扩展区不在一个平面上,TC11/TC17线性摩擦焊接头的疲劳断口为沿晶断口和撕裂棱的混合断口。     

损伤容限型TC4-DT钛合金近门槛区疲劳裂纹扩展行为研究

研究了双态组织、片层组织TC4-DT钛合金在近门槛区的疲劳裂纹扩展行为,通过扫描电镜观察裂纹扩展路径及断口微观特征,研究了等轴初生α相含量对TC4-DT钛合金在近门槛区疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响,讨论了TC4-DT钛合金的疲劳裂纹扩展行为和断裂方式。结果表明:随着等轴初生α相含量的降低,TC4-DT钛合金在近门槛值区的da/dN-△K曲线逐渐向下偏折,裂纹扩展速率明显降低,在Paris区出现转折点现象且转折点对应的△Kt值逐渐增大;片层组织在近门槛区的裂纹扩展路径曲折,疲劳裂纹扩展速率显著降低,表现出更好的损伤容限性能。     

激光熔化沉积TC18钛合金的低周疲劳行为

研究激光熔化沉积TC18钛合金的室温低周疲劳行为。通过双重退火热处理制度获得的TC18钛合金显微组织由细小的片层状初生α相和转变β基体组成,且晶界α相不均匀。采用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜分析了低周疲劳试样疲劳断口以及纵截面。结果表明,在低周疲劳断口可以观察到多个裂纹源。主裂纹源区与次裂纹源区具有不同的断裂形貌。当裂纹沿着晶界α相扩展时,连续的晶界α相导致平直的裂纹扩展模式,而不连续的晶界α相导致曲折的裂纹扩展路径。     

显微组织对TC4-DT钛合金疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响

对TC4-DT钛合金进行不同热处理,获得不同的显微组织,研究不同显微组织的TC4-DT钛合金疲劳裂纹扩展速率。结果表明:两相区处理,较高的初生α相含量提供了较高的裂纹扩展阻力,不同的β晶粒尺寸使不同裂纹扩展阶段的扩展机理不同;在近门槛区,疲劳裂纹扩展速率主要受晶粒尺寸的影响;随着裂纹扩展,在裂纹扩展的低速阶段,β晶粒内片层α对裂纹扩展起主要作用;在中速扩展区,裂纹以条带机制扩展,并且粗糙的断口具有较低的裂纹扩展速率。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.