溶胶凝胶法制备LiCo_(0.12)Mn_(1.88)O_4粉体及其电化学性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法并结合热处理工艺制备Li Co0.12Mn1.88O4粉体,考察了煅烧温度对Li Co0.12Mn1.88O4粉体形貌、结构及电化学性能的影响。结果表明:随煅烧温度的升高,粉体颗粒尺寸逐渐增大,晶型趋于完整。700℃煅烧10 h得到的Li Co0.12Mn1.88O4颗粒大小均匀,晶型完整。0.5C倍率下首次放电比容量达到117.9 m Ah/g,经100次循环后仍能达到108.8 m Ah/g,容量保持率高达92.3%,表现出良好的循环性能。     

PAA络合法制备LiMn_2O_4粉体及其电化学性能

采用络合法并结合热处理工艺制备LiMn2O4粉体,考察了热处理温度对LiMn2O4粉体结构、形貌及电化学性能的影响。结果表明:以聚丙烯酸(PAA)、硝酸锂和硝酸锰为原料,在一定温度下合成了稳定的溶胶和凝胶,在不同的煅烧温度下制得了LiMn2O4粉体。随着煅烧温度的升高,粉体颗粒逐渐增大,晶型趋于完整。700℃下煅烧10 h制得的LiMn2O4颗粒大小均匀,晶型完整且没有明显团聚现象。0.1 C倍率首次放电比容量达到118 mA·h/g,经80次循环后仍能达到112 mA·h/g,容量保持率高达95%,表现出良好的循环稳定性。     

改进型原位限制聚合法制备纳米LiFePO_4/C核-壳材料及其电化学性能研究（英文）

采用改进型原位限制聚合法制备具有核-壳结构的纳米LiFePO_4/C颗粒.。并通过XRD,HRTEM,电化学工作站等测试手段研究了所制备粉体的相组成,微观结构和电化学性能。XRD结果表明所制备的LiFePO4/C具有晶型完整的橄榄行结构,壳层炭为作晶。HRTEM照片显示所制备的LiFePO4/C粒径在18.2~54.5 nm之间,炭层均匀包覆在LiFePO4颗粒外表面,厚度在2~10nm之间。700℃合成的LiFePO_4/C核-壳材料的首次放电容量为142 mAh/g,经过40次充放电循环后,容量保持在132 mAh/g,容量保持率在93.0%。其充放电容量受电子导电、锂离子扩散速率的共同影响。     

LiFePO_4/CNT复合正极材料的制备与性能研究

以柠檬酸为碳源和螯合剂,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了LiFePO_4/CNT复合正极粉体材料.利用XRD和SEM表征了复合粉体的结构.复合材料含有单一的磷酸铁锂相,碳纳米管在正极材料中将颗粒与颗粒相连,为颗粒之间提供了附加的导电通路.通过添加碳纳米管的方法对正极材料导电通路进行改善.在低速率下容量可以达到135 mAh/g,在1 C充放电速率下容量保持在110 mAh/g,2 C时容量保持在80 mAh/g.随着碳纳米管含量的增加,锂离子电池的容量也增加.     

固相法制备Y3+掺杂LiFePO4/C的反应机理及其电化学性能

以Fe2O3为铁源,采用高温固相法制备了Y3+掺杂的LiFePO4/C复合材料。利用TG-DSC、XRD、SEM、恒电流充放电等手段对材料的合成反应历程、粉体颗粒形貌以及电化学性能进行了研究。结果表明:Fe3+在300～550℃间被还原为Fe2+,经过650℃煅烧后,形成晶型单一的橄榄石结构晶体。LiFe0.98Y0.02PO4/C样品在0.2 C倍率下的首次放电比容量达到了151.6 mA.h/g。     

NiO纳米粉体的溶胶-凝胶法制备及表征

采用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-gel)并结合热处理工艺制备氧化镍粉体,考察烧结条件对NiO粉体组成、结构和形貌的影响,并对其电化学性能进行研究.结果表明:以醋酸镍为镍源,PAA为整合剂合成了均匀稳定的溶胶;在热处理过程中,干凝胶前驱体在450℃基本分解完全并逐渐形成纳米晶NiO粉体;在粉体热处理过程中随着温度的升高,凝胶中的有机物去除更加完全,NiO晶型趋于完整,晶粒逐渐增大;在600℃烧结获得的晶型完整、颗粒分布均匀,同时也表现出了良好的充放电稳定性.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备LiCoxMn2-xO4及电化学性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶(sol-gel)法制备了颗粒较小(100～300nm)、分布均匀的尖晶石LiCoxMn2-xO4粉体,研究了不同掺杂水平对其结构及电化学性能的影响.结果表明,掺杂少量Co于LiMn2O4中并不改变材料的尖晶石结构;随着Co掺杂量增加,材料结构稳定性提高,极化降低,首次放电比容量逐渐减小,但充放电循环性能却明显改善;在低温(500℃)条件下退火6h后,LiCoxMn2-xO4粉体的放电比容量稍有增加,但对循环性能影响不大;在电流密度0.1mA/cm2和截止电压3.5～4.4V时,LiCo0.1Mn1.9O4粉体首次放电比容量达123mAh/g,20次循环后的稳定放电比容量为106mAh/g,具有较好的电化学性能.     

NiO纳米晶的溶胶-凝胶法制备及电化学性能

采用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-Gel)法并结合热处理工艺制备氧化镍粉体,研究烧结条件对NiO粉体组成、结构和形貌的影响,并对其电化学性能进行初步研究.结果表明:以醋酸镍、乙醇、柠檬酸为原料,在一定温度下合成了稳定的溶胶和凝胶,凝胶热处理过程中在400℃左右基本分解完全并逐渐形成NiO纳米晶;随着烧结温度的升高,纳米NiO晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,晶型趋于完整;600℃烧结2h获得纳米NiO粉体晶粒大小分布均匀,晶型较好且没有明显团聚现象,表现出良好的充放电稳定性.     

复合金属掺杂的LiFePO4/C复合材料的制备与电化学性能研究

以超声波辅助沉淀法合成的纳米级球形FePO4·2H2O为原料,采用碳热还原法制备了复合金属掺杂的LiFePO4/C复合材料。通过X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电镜(SEM),恒电流充放电测试,循环伏安和交流阻抗测试表征了FePO4·2H2O和LiFePO4/C的物相、结构和电化学性能。结果表明,溶液浓度为0.1 mol/L时制备的FePO4·2H2O为分布均匀的纳米级球形颗粒。复合金属掺杂显著提高了LiFePO4的放电比容量,Ni和Nb复合掺杂的LiFePO4/C复合材料表现出了最佳的电化学性能,0.1 C倍率条件下首次放电容量158.8 mAh/g,1 C倍率下首次放电容量150.2 mAh/g,100次循环后容量保持率分别为98.30%和97.8%。Ni和Nb复合掺杂后提高了LiFePO4的锂离子扩散速率和电导率。     

LiFePO4/C锂离子电池正极材料的电化学性能

以碳凝胶作为碳添加剂,采用固相法制备了复合型LiFePO4/C锂离子电池正极材料.研究了不同掺碳量对样品性能的影响.利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和碳硫(质量分数)分析方法对所得样品的晶体结构、表面形貌、含碳量进行分析研究.结果表明:样品中的碳含量(质量分数)分别为0%、5%、10%、22%,所得样品均为单一的橄榄石型晶体结构,碳的加入使LiFePO4颗粒粒径减小.另外,碳分散于晶体颗粒之间,增强了颗粒之间的导电性.合成样品的电化学性能测试结果表明,掺碳后的LiFePO4放电比容量和循环性能都得到显著改善.其中,含碳量为22%的LiFePO4/C在0.1 C倍率下放电,首次放电容量达143.4 mA·h/g,充放电循环6次后电容量为142.7 mA·h/g,容量仅衰减0.7%.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.