Housing First: Considering Components for Successful Resettlement of Homeless People with Multiple Needs

‘Housing First’ programmes in the US involve the provision of mainstream scatter sited permanent housing at the initial stage of support for homeless individuals with multiple needs. This is in contrast to dominant approaches (in the US and Europe) that assert the need for successful progress towards treatment goals (usually whilst living in temporary congregate accommodation) prior to resettlement. Evaluations of Housing First indicate, however, that even those considered farthest from being housed can, with help, successfully maintain a mainstream tenancy of their own. It is asserted here that one locally based agency managing both the housing and assertively providing holistic non time-limited support packages may be important factors in the success rate of Housing First programmes. However, a caveat is added—to robustly assess the effectiveness of Housing First (and homelessness policy per se) requires continued consideration as to what ‘success’ refers to in the resettlement of formerly homeless people.     

'I Think Home is More than a Building': Young Home(less) People on the Cusp of Home, Self and Something Else

This paper explores research undertaken with young home(less) people in Sydney in which I specifically pursue ideas of home and belonging in the inner city. In a context in which young home(less) people are seen to 'lack' both identity and place, the responses of young people indicate the fragility and importance of relations of space and self.     

Informal and Gendered Practices in a Homeless Persons Unit

The informal categorisation of clients into those who are more and those who are less ‘deserving’ of help has been a noted occurrence amongst welfare officials. Whilst such practices usually do not constitute official policy, it is recognised that shorthand rules and stereotyping are inevitable and necessary for the effective delivery of public service work. Using data from observations and interviews at several homeless assessment sites, this paper examines the evidence that the gender of a homeless person affects the way they are categorised by housing officers. The research finds that housing officers see homeless women as the more ‘deserving’ group and explanations for this are explored. However, a relative lack of appropriate short-term housing options for women means that the outcomes of women's cases may not reflect their more ‘deserving’ categorisation.     

老年社区的“可生长性”研究

老年社区作为社会养老和居家养老的最好结合点,近年来已逐步显露其发展趋势,然而社区发展供不应求、社区建设缺乏灵活性等问题也日益突出。该文在对老年社区基本单元模式进行适应性设计的基础上,提出老年社区的"生长"研究,以期对快速高效地发展老年社区,满足不同老年人的多样化需求作出一定参考。     

The Trappings of Home: Young Homeless People's Transitions Towards Independent Living

This paper describes the experiences of young homeless people in Western Australia during their transitions to more permanent accommodation and independent living. For these young homeless people, permanent accommodation provided an opportunity for ‘feeling at home’ and having a sense of control and stability associated with ‘home’. Within this space, these young people wanted to be considered ‘normal’ home occupiers. In this context, the paper discusses how young homeless people experience and negotiate the social and cultural understandings of home outside socially accepted pathways of leaving the parental home and becoming ‘normal’ home occupiers themselves. The paper shows how this experience of home, and the potential it offers previously homeless young people, is interrupted by discourses of youth workers, neighbours and society at large, which serve to (re)position them outside the community of ‘normal’ home occupiers. The findings have implications for both policy and the delivery of services to young homeless people.     

Homeless Women in Public Spaces: Strategies of Resistance

This paper explores homeless women's use of public spaces and buildings in England. In doing so it problematises the spatial boundaries typically presented in the literature and research which suggest homeless women are largely confined to institutional or private spaces of homelessness. The paper argues that homeless women also use highly visible public spaces and semi-private spaces, and that these practices can be conceptualised in terms of resistance. Homeless women challenge the rules associated with occupying public spaces that either directly or tacitly exclude them, and they engage in identity work to resist being labelled as homeless.     

Local Connection Criteria and Single Homeless People's Geographical Mobility: Evidence from Brighton and Hove

In December 2001 Brighton and Hove City Council introduced a set of Local Connection Criteria aimed at stemming the flow of homeless people apparently making their way to the city in search of services. Under the new criteria, only those previously resident in Brighton and Hove can make use of the city's night shelters and hostels. Similar such criteria have recently been introduced elsewhere and represent an important change in local responses to the problems of single homelessness. The paper examines in detail the movements of 41 recently and long-term homeless men interviewed at a night shelter and hostel in Brighton and Hove prior to the introduction of the local connection rule. Finding the majority to have recently moved to the city having become homeless elsewhere, it is suggested that the introduction of such criteria is liable to have a considerable impact on the lives of some single homeless people. Examining the reasons why these men had moved, however, it is suggested that the future movement of single homeless people to the city, or other 'homeless places', is unlikely to be significantly affected by such policies.     

上海同济新村老年人居住调查的启示

本文以上海市老公房住区的老年人家庭为研究对象,通过实态调查分析探求老年人日常行为习惯,及其对住区规划和建筑设计的特殊需求以及目前中小套型住宅实际使用中存在的问题,为提高未来保障性住房建设中老年人居住环境的品质提供有效的参考依据。     

Exploring Homeless People's Use of Outreach Services: Applying a Social Psychological Perspective

A number of critiques have been published drawing attention to the gaps in research methods applied to issues surrounding homelessness and service utilisation in Britain. This paper discusses the use of social identity, a theory drawn from the field of applied social psychology, and synthesises it with the pathways model, thereby providing a framework to further explore service utilisation. The synthesised framework was used to predict the uptake of outreach services in a prospective study of 121 homeless people in a major UK city. In general, homeless people's use of intervention services was affected by the extent to which they identified with the support services themselves. The study demonstrates the central role of social identity in understanding service utilisation patterns, and shows the importance of applying fresh techniques to fine-tune our understanding of uptake in the long term.     

Health Selection in the Housing System: Access to Council Housing for Homeless People with Health Problems

The relationship between housing and health has long been recognised. More recently the relationship between homelessness and poor health has also been acknowledged. In this paper it is argued that these associations reflect, in part, the health selective availability of housing. Paying particular attention to the British context, and drawing on qualitative data concerning the experiences of a sample of single homeless people with health problems, it is illustrated that people with health problems are struggling to re-enter the housing system despite, in theory, having priority among people eligible for council housing. Some preliminary conclusions are then drawn regarding the significance of these findings to understanding of the relationship between housing, homelessness and health.     

和谐与创意——关于漳州市青少年活动中心的建筑设计

结合漳州市青少年活动中心的创作,对建筑群自身及其与周边环境的关系,做了一点总结,强调了对“和谐创意”的设计要求。     

"接触自然、享受人生"——北京市老年社区一期园林环境设计

老年社区的环境设计应根据老年人自身的生理、心理和社会生活的特点,以满足他们日常生活中的各种需求和身心舒适为目标,力求创造一个充满生机、活力、赏心悦目且宜于交往的室外空间,使长期处于衰老、疾病和回忆之中的老人,能通过与自然的亲密接触和老年人之间的不断交流,从而找到新的精神寄托和生活乐趣。通过周到的细部环境设计,使老年人感到又一段精彩的人生将在这里重新开始,在享受到社会与科技进步成果的同时,达到身在自然、老有所为、与时代发展同步的目的。     

Housing Pathways of Disabled Young People: Evidence for Policy and Practice

Most studies of disabled young people's housing experiences focus on structural constraints, with little attention given to the role of young people themselves in shaping their housing biographies. Using Clapham's (2002) housing pathways framework, this paper reflects on new empirical data to examine interactions between structure, agency and wider discourses in the housing pathways of disabled young people. The paper develops a typology of disabled young people's housing pathways, consisting of direct, staged and return pathways to independent living. Within each of these pathways, young people face key challenges of deciding to leave, finding suitable accommodation and maintaining their accommodation. The research identifies some of the complex interconnected factors that shape the ways young people negotiate these challenges and in doing so key messages emerge for policy makers and practitioners. Moreover, the paper not only informs policy and practice but also responds to questions that have recently been asked of the pathways framework and social constructionism more generally.     

改善老年人的住房与社区环境:规划设计如何应对衰弱与独居的挑战?

需要日常照料的老年人数量正在急速增长。即使老年人自理能力不断减弱并越来越趋向于独居,当代社会的主流选择与政策目标仍着重于协助他们在原先的居所度过晚年。然而现阶段,美国和其他很多国家的住房均未针对日益严峻的老龄化挑战采取应对措施,为居家老年人提供的公共服务与支持相当匮乏。本文基于满足老年人在衰弱过程中的各项需求,从空间和社会的视角系统地检视了社区和住房层面的创新模式,内容包括服务强化型社区、集中照料型社区、全龄型社区,为老人服务型住房组团,小规模代际融合居住型住房,以及交通、输送和通信等方面技术手段的创新。这些对策目前尚未得到广泛应用,但有理由相信这些手段有助于推进居家和社区养老战略目标的实现。规划与设计人员应认识到老年人在生理、感官、认知障碍和独居时面临的挑战,利用设计手段改善公共空间及其连接性。     

现代性构建与青年建筑师的定位

在中国青年建筑师面临的众多课题中,基于现实条件的建筑现代性构建,是确立自身定位的一个基础。文章分析了现代性构建的历史传承与实践途径,主张在青年建筑师的实践中强化这一平台。     

中国残疾人体育艺术培训基地(诺宝中心)

文章介绍了中国残疾人体育艺术培训基地的建筑设计。建筑师在设计中充分考虑并创造性地解决了残疾人在流线、疏散上面临的特殊问题,以及同时向社会公众开放的要求。在形体设计、功能布局、空间利用等方面有效地节约能耗．并在多处采用国内研制的高新技术。     

The international year of shelter for the homeless: Aims and national and international action

This article deals with the background of and the programme for the International Year of Shelter for the Homeless (1987). The author describes the Year as a practical effort to find affordable solutions to the growing shelter problem. A primary focus on national programmes and projects, plus emphasis in 1987 on policy development is intended to make the Year more than a mere event. Information on international, regional and national activities is used to illustrate how the programme is developing.     

建筑教育与青年建筑师

在分析建筑教育历史与现状的基础上,认为应以新的“师生”关系取代老的“师徒”关系。教学方式应进行改革,应以培养学生的创新性为目标。     

权宜建筑--青年建筑师与中国策略

文章试图在杨永生先生关于四代建筑师划分的基础上分出第五代青年建筑师,分析他们所受的影响,以及应对当代中国特定问题时的独特策略。并将这种中国特殊条件下发展出的“权宜建筑”的策略看作中国创造性地接受并改造西方建筑模式而发展出的具有当代中国特征的建筑文化。     

Young People,Homeownership and Future Welfare

Homeownership has become a ‘normalised’ tenure of choice in many advanced economies, with housing playing a pivotal role in shifts from collective to asset-based welfare. Young people are, however, increasingly being excluded from accessing the housing ladder. Many are remaining in the parental home for longer, and even when ready to ‘fly the nest’ face significant challenges in accessing mortgage finance. This under-30 age group has become ‘generation rent’. As this policy review emphasises, this key public-policy issue has created a source of inter-generational conflict between ‘housing poor’ young people and their ‘housing rich’ elders. To fully understand the complexities at play however, this paper argues that we need to look beyond the immediate housing-market issues and consider how housing policy interacts with broader social, economic and demographic shifts, and how it is intimately connected to debates about welfare. This is illustrated with reference to the UK, although these debates have international resonance.