焦化环保技术的应用与实践

介绍了焦化生产中的各种环保技术:在焦炉装煤和推焦除尘治理方面,采用侧吸式无烟装煤技术,干式、湿式推焦除尘地面站技术和水封式上升管密封技术;在煤气净化过程中,采用气浮除焦油器、内置氨分缩器蒸氨塔,对放散气体集中回收并入风机前负压煤气管道,HPF法脱硫和废渣分类处理回收等方法;在废水处理方面,重介系统采用进口离心机脱水技术,浮选精煤采用加压过滤方式,并采用A-A-O生物脱氮;在物料储存方面,采用封闭式煤仓、焦仓储存技术。以上技术的实施,实现了节能、降耗,达到了国家环保要求。     

用双低压醇氨联产技术改造单醇装置产合成氨

详细介绍了双低压醇氨联产技术的工艺流程和技术特点,列举了采用该技术改造单醇装置转产合成氨和在新建装置中的应用实例及取得的良好的效果,并提出了采用该技术时应注意的问题。     

膜分离技术与电镀清洁生产

本文简述了膜分离技术特征和性能,列举了国内外膜分离技术在电镀行业的应用情况,重点阐述了国内三家单位采用膜分离技术处理电镀废水的情况,并做了经济效益分析,表明采用膜分离技术不仅可以治理废水,还可以回收重金属和水资源,变废为宝,达到环境效益与经济效益的统一,从而促进电镀行业可持续发展。     

离心铸造电渣技术在转化管制造中的应用

论述电渣技术在离心铸造转化炉管制造中的应用，对采用造渣和未采用造渣技术制造的炉管进行了比较。结果表明，采用造渣技术对防止炉管内壁氧化、提高内表面质量和消除疏松层效果显著     

膜分离技术在精细化工中的应用

简述了膜分离技术特征和性能,阐述了国内外膜分离技术在染料、氨基酸、钛白粉、医药中间体等精细化工上的应用情况,并且列举了杭州水处理中心采用膜分离技术在精细化工方面的应用工程,介绍了其处理工艺和运行结果,通过部分项目的经济效益分析,表明采用膜分离技术因其自身的优越性,应用于精细化工在技术上和经济上都是可行的,能达到环境效益与经济效益的统一。     

风力发电机组的防腐技术和应用

阐述了风力发电机组的结构、特点及风电场所处的腐蚀环境,提出了风力发电机组所采用的防腐技术和方法,同时针对相应的防腐技术和方法进行分析比较,并且着重论述了风力发电机组所采用的防腐蚀涂料的性能特点和应用技术,从而总结和探讨了风力发电机组所采用的防腐技术和应用方法。     

煤制烯烃工业中砷的危害及解决方法探究

对煤制烯烃的工业技术进行了分析,从砷平衡的角度分析了砷在煤制烯烃工业中的危害。综述了目前在化学工业中可以采用的有效脱砷技术和方法,包括控制气化原料煤中的砷含量、采用湿法技术脱除合成气中的砷、采用脱砷催化剂脱砷。重点介绍了铜系、铅系、锰系和镍系等4类脱砷催化剂的研究进展。对煤制烯烃脱砷方案提出了建议。     

高温双点式微差井温测试技术现场应用

高温双点式微差井温测试技术针对深井井温高的特点,采用保温技术和存储式磁定位器校深技术,实现深井高温环境下微差井温测试。该项技术采用双点式测试井温微差,能够更加准确地测定温场微弱的变化。该技术主要应用在稠油热采区块的测试,年测试在200井次以上,为稠油开发提供了准确有效的地层动态数据,科学地指导了稠油生产。     

水泥窑烟气脱硝系统的实践

介绍了水泥窑头和窑尾烧成系统烟气脱硝的技术原理和方案。在窑头采用了一次风量<6%的低氮煤粉燃烧控制技术,在窑尾分解炉采用高强还原燃烧控制技术,以降低回转窑内热力型NOx生成量。在3000t/d水泥熟料生产线带规格φ6.1m×31mTDF分解炉实际使用显示,采用该技术方案可实现脱硝效率60%以上,降低了氨水用量和脱硝成本。     

六盘山盆地黄土塬区宽线地震采集技术研究

宽线地震采集技术国外早在20世纪70年代初就开始推出和使用,后来由于三维技术的兴起,该技术使用范围逐渐减小。近年来,随着复杂地区地震勘探需求增加,在一些三维无法实现的地区,宽线技术取得了良好的效果。本文介绍了在深层地震地质条件复杂的六盘山盆地,通过采用基于复杂地表的炮检点优化设计及基于复杂构造的观测系统优化技术,采用宽线地震采集技术获得了较高质量的资料。     

水处理除盐系统出力不足的原因分析及处理措施

针对郑州热电厂五期补给水处理一级除盐系统酸碱耗大、自用水率高、出力严重不足等问题，对现场进行了调查研究，分析了主要原因，并提出了相应的处理措施，最终使问题得以解决。     

Electrocatalytic hydrogenation processes at controlled potential—2. Charge transfer at a slurry electrode

A theoretical approach has been made to charge transfer processes in a slurry cell with catalyst particles. The processes are described with an equivalent electric circuit. Calculations have been made of the potential of the catalyst as a function of the rate of the different charge transfer processes.Analogous calculations have been made to determine the conditions to measure the catalyst potential accurately with a measuring probe.     

Rheological properties of the liquid crystalline poly(γ-benzyl α, L-glutamate) gels in benzyl alcohol

We have determined the degree of stiffness of a poly(γ-benzyl α, L-glutamate) (PBLG) chain in benzyl alcohol by measuring the intrinsic viscosities of dilute Solutions with differing molecular weights. Viscoelastic properties in oscillatory shear flow have been studied and the dependence of the loss and storage moduli on temperature, composition, and frequency are reported. We have also studied the transient shear stress relaxation behavior of the PBLG gel at different temperatures and concentrations. A comparison has been made between these gels and a classical poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) network, as well as, typical glassy polymers. Shear creep and recovery measurements have been made for this system. Some extensional step strain experiments using lubricated squeezing have been investigated. Tensile experiments have been made to determine stress-strain relationship during elongation. Preliminary experiments using the impulse approach to viscoelasticity further indicate the high elastic contribution in the gel.     

The behaviour of an adiabatic fixed bed reactor for the oxidation of carbon monoxide—I: General parametric studies

An experimental study of an adiabatic catalytic fixed bed reactor has been made under both transient and steady state operation. Temperature measurements have been made within the bed and within two instrumented pellets placed inside the bed. Concentration profiles have also been measured in the bed under steady state conditions. A general parametric investigation was made which also included the effect of reverse operation. Intraparticle temperatures were small even in the ignition zone but could be adequately predicted if local variables were used. Good agreement was obtained between the experimental results and a heterogeneous dispersion model.     

电子塑封料的研制与开发——线性热塑性酚醛环氧树脂的研制与应用

研制了电子塑封料用线性高邻位热塑性酚醛环氧树脂，对影响反应的各种因素进行了探索，得到了制备线性塑塑性酚醛环氧树脂的最佳工艺条件。研制出了较为适用的塑封料配方，塑封料所用全部原料均 为国产料；利用自行研制的电子塑封料对半导体元器件进行了封装实验，结果显示塑封效果良好，完全可以替代进口塑封料。均苯四甲酸四（２－乙基己基）酯作为增韧剂用于塑封料属国内首例。     

Development of yarn-guiding equipment for man-made fibre machines

Conclusions Technology has been developed for making yarn-guide equipment from the high-alumina ceramic VK 94-1. Lots of 11 types of yarn-guiding equipment have been made and tested under manufacturing conditions.Technology has been developed for obtaining a definite microgeometry of the yarn-guide equipment surface.Ceramic disks have been made for texturizing-stretching machines.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, pp. 16–18, July–August, 1989.     

Influence of point defects on the thermal conductivity of diamond single crystals: state of the art

A new mechanism for the scattering of heat-carrying phonons has been suggested, based on the assumption of the activation of normal processes by isotopes. An attempt is made to explain the high response of the thermal conductivity of diamond single crystals to isotopic impurity concentration. On the basis of the mechanism suggested, the concentration and temperature dependences of the thermal conductivity of diamond have been calculated and compared with the experimental data available. For synthetic industrial diamond made by spontaneous crystallization, the effects of nitrogen impurities and vacancies on thermal conductivity have been estimated. An assumption has been made that nitrogen and vacancy defects are generated as structural elements in the process of diamond synthesis.     

OSMOTIC DEHYDRATION OF COD FILET WITH SKIN IN A STAGNANT BRINE

Salt transport models and diffusion coefficients have been studied during osmotic dehydration of fish muscle in stagnant, saturated brine. Attempts have been made to estimate mass transfer resistance through skin and through stagnant boundary layer at surface. These resistances have been converted to equivalent product thickness or “length” in order to apply analytical solutions to the diffusion equations (i.e. Fick's second law). A similar approach has been used to estimate the extra mass transfer resistance due to the stagnant brine, as most experiments in literature have been made under agitated conditions, in contrary to industrial practice, which is in stagnant brine.     

Axial dispersion in parallel channel electrochemical cells

Measurements have been made of axial dispersion in models of a parallel channel electrolyser and a magnesium/silver chloride seawater battery under laminar flow conditions.Experimental results have been interpreted with the aid of three theoretical models; while these have been shown to be less than perfect they reveal the highly structured nature of the flow in the absence of bubbles. When nitrogen is sparged into the system to simulate anodic or cathodic gas evolution the mixing regime changes drastically. The results obtained have been compared with observations made on various organosyntheses and the performance of a seawater battery.     

Prediction of polymer degradation kinetics at moderate temperatures from tga measurements

Thermal degradation under vacuum, as measured by weight loss of polymer, has been studied for a variety of polymers and composites. Small-sample (～10 mg) TGA studies have been made on polymeric materials. Isothermal studies, at much lower temperatures, have been made on the same materials of much larger size and weight (4–6 g). Comparison of the results shows that TGA can accurately predict the isothermal kinetics.