手绘草图的在线分段识别

提出了一种在线手绘草图快速分段识别方法。先对草绘笔划进行平滑预处理,以减少噪声干扰和冗余点的数目;然后利用草绘笔划的动静态特性,以及用户的草绘习惯等特性找出笔划的关键分段点,将笔划分为多个笔划子段;最后利用基于二次曲线的方法对笔划子段进行分段识别和特征参数计算,并通过构造面向对象的图形数据结构对识别出的几何图元进行重构。实例表明,该方法具有较好的识别能力和系统稳定性,能够应用于二维概念草图的快速表达,以及后续三维草绘建模的特征笔划智能识别过程中。     

三维手绘CAD系统的设计与表达

描述了一个基于手绘草图的三维设计系统,并给出了该系统的体系结构．该系统采用以草绘手势规则和草图语义自动机为基础的设计与表达的思路,描述了草图语义的获取、表达和理解方法,从而较好地支持了早期的三维产品概念设计．该系统以手写笔和手写板为交互输入设备,能够自然、高效地进行一些复杂的三维实体和三维场景设计．     

三维建模中的参数化草图绘制

参数化草图的绘制是创建各种特征、零件的基础,它贯穿于整个零件的三维建模过程之中。正确、高效地绘制草图往往对特征、零件的建模起着相当重要的作用。在草绘过程中运用“形似--添加约束--标注尺寸--修改尺寸”方法实现参数化草图的绘制,能有效地提高草绘的速度与成功率,适用于几乎所有主流的三维CAD软件。     

草绘3维人体建模的模板形变方法

目的 采用草绘交互方式直接构造3维人体模型是当前人体建模研究的重要课题之一.提出一种草绘3维人体建模的模板形变方法.方法 针对输入的草图,首先,采用关节点定位方法获取草图中的人体关节点,根据人体结构学约束识别人体骨架结构,通过解析人体轮廓草图获取人体草图特征;其次,通过骨架模板和外观轮廓模板形变,将草图特征映射到3维人体模型,实现3维人体建模.结果 草图解析方法能有效提取草图特征,通过模板形变方法生成3维人体模型,并在模型上保持草图特征;能适应不同用户的绘制习惯,且生成的3维人体模型可用于人体动画设计.结论 提出一种草绘3维人体建模的模板形变方法,支持用户采用草绘方式进行3维人体模型设计,方法具有良好的用户适应性,对3维动画创作具有重要意义.     

面向概念设计的草绘系统

产品概念设计是产品设计开发过程中最重要的阶段,在分析了概念设计阶段草绘方式重要性的基础上,介绍了两种不同的草绘模式,并提出了一个草绘系统实现的系统框架和设计过程,为设计者提供了一个自然流畅的设计空间。     

计算机辅助草绘设计技术研究

计算机辅助草绘技术结合了计算机与纸笔草绘的优点，比较适合于概念设计，便于帮助设计师快速记录下头脑中产生的瞬时灵感，近年来一直成为许多专家学者争相研究的热点课题之一。该文从产品设计的领域出发简要介绍了计算机辅助草绘设计的研究现状。并从支持草绘的用户界面设计、低层草图处理、高层草图语义理解、三维草绘建模4个方面分析比较了计算机辅助草绘一些关键技术的研究方法，指出了下一步的研究重点。     

基于空间关系的手绘草图检索

手绘草图是人类最自然的人机交互方式,在普适计算模式下手绘草图将得到越来越多的应用,手绘草图的检索也成为一个新的课题。本文提出一种高效的草图检索方法,该方法以独立于用户绘制习惯的手绘草图统一表示为基础,以手绘草图空间关系为检索相似度匹配特征,并采用特征点调整的相关反馈机制优化检索结果。实验表明本文提出的方法具有很好的检索效果。     

基于NPR的3维模型线绘算法

为更好地进行3维模型的线绘,介绍了一个基于非真实感绘制技术的三角网格模型的线绘算法。该算法在预处理阶段利用离散化的曲率计算方法来估计模型顶点的平均曲率;在交互阶段,首先根据用户提供的平均曲率阈值检测模型的凹区域,同时通过设计启发式搜索算法来提取该区域适宜的线条,然后结合计算即可得到模型轮廓线,并在绘制时考虑虚拟光照效果,绘制结果表明,可以得到较满意的结果。     

综合多层语义特征与深度卷积网络的手绘图像检索方法

针对手绘图像检索领域中手绘图像的语义特征,为了深度发掘手绘图像的语义特征,并获得高效、准确的检索结果,提出一种基于多层语义特征和深度卷积网络的融合网络的方法.首先提出针对手绘图像语义特征的分层的概念,并构建与多层语义特征相对应的多层深度卷积神经网络来学习不同层次的深度特征,然后通过特征融合,实现多层深度语义特征的融合,形成最终的特征描述子,达到高精度的检索.在基准数据库Flickr15k上的实验结果表明该方法是可行、有效的.     

手绘草图笔触识别与规整技术研究

结合工业设计师个人的构思和工作习惯,提出一套针对产品概念设计在线草图笔触识别与规整方法。利用笔触的绘制速度和型值点密度来估计笔触中的角点数量,并对角点进行识别;然后以最小二乘法为基础,利用型值点反求控制点拟合曲线,将笔触以参数化表示,以及判定和处理多笔触的重叠问题;最后对草图拓扑结构的获取进行了描述。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效地解决草图识别和规整中遇到的问题,适用于对复杂草图的处理,增强在产品创新过程中对草图的理解。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.