昆明地铁5号线河尾村站基坑开挖施工监测分析

滇池区域内围湖造田性质的软土基坑,在开挖期间采用地表沉降、建筑物沉降和围护结构深层水平位移等动态跟踪监测手段,得到了在软土地质基坑开挖施工期间基坑周边地表、管线、建筑物沉降变形规律以及围护结构深层水平位移的变形规律,并进行了各监测项目变化分析。在采用常规明挖方法开挖期间,各重点监测项目监测数据均达到设计报警值及控制值,甚至有些部位监测数据值达到了控制值的几倍;基坑开挖期间,围护结构、周边地表、周边管线以及周边建筑物变形情况形成因果关系,导致各项监测数据变化规律性较强;基坑周边不能长时间堆放大量土方或行走重型机械,不然会导致基坑围护结构等发生大的变形。     

变形监测在深基坑支护中的应用

基坑开挖除必须确保相邻建筑物的安全外,还必须保证城市干道的安全运行。这样在深基坑开挖和施工过程中对支护结构体系和邻近建筑物的安全性、稳定性和监测十分重要。在对监测数据的分析过程中,把周边建筑物沉降量和支护结构的位移量结合起来,可以得出主动区土体变形情况,并及时对基坑施工提供建议及理论依据。在深基坑开挖过程中通过对基坑坡顶变形观测点及周边建筑物变形观测点的观     

超大深基坑开挖对周围环境变形影响及对策分析

为研究超大复杂深基坑施工对邻近环境变形的影响,以河南省郑州市龙湖金融岛项目基坑工程为例,采用全站仪对基坑内支护桩顶、内支撑格构柱及坑外地面进行监测,利用多点位移计对支护桩旁土体进行测斜,通过分析基坑周围环境的位移时空变化特征,探究基坑支护桩、坑外土体及基坑变形的协调性。结果表明：基坑施工过程中,支护结构及周围建筑物沉降变形特征可分为土方开挖、垫层施工、内支撑拆除和垫层完工4个阶段;土方开挖及内支撑拆除阶段,支护桩桩顶、格构柱及邻近地面沉降变形较大,垫层施工对基坑变形具有减弱作用;土方开挖、垫层施工及内支撑拆除阶段,相邻格构柱间不均匀沉降使格构柱变形增大;基坑开挖主要对邻近管廊的沉降变形具有影响,特别是土方开挖前期邻近管廊的变形出现快速增大。针对基坑开挖过程中存在的问题提出了工程技术措施。     

基于监测数据的深基坑开挖对临近建筑物影响研究

基坑开挖过程中对临近基坑周边建筑物的影响是监测项目中的重要课题之一.文中通过对基坑支护体系内力及变形、临近建筑物沉降等监测数据进行分析,研究深基坑开挖过程中周边临近建筑物的沉降规律.通过对监测数据进行综合分析,得出随着基坑开挖深度的增加,围护结构深层位移不断增大,同时基坑周边地表及建筑沉降随之逐渐增大,底板结构施工完成...     

混合支护下深基坑开挖引起的近接建筑物稳定性分析

以往学者对于深基坑开挖引起的周边沉降,一般考虑的多是单支护形式,因而开展混合支护条件下深基坑开挖对临近建筑物稳定性的影响研究,对确保建筑物稳定性具有重要意义。结合成都轨道交通8号线一期工程其车站深基坑工程监测数据,通过分析施工全过程地表沉降及支护结构的位移变化规律,对混合支护形式下的基坑稳定性进行评价;还通过建立研究区三维数值模型,进一步分析了混合支护刚度、建筑物结构柱刚度对建筑物整体位移的影响规律。研究结果表明:混合支护型式能有效控制基坑周围建筑物群的整体变形;提高建筑物基础刚度及建筑物墙体刚度等可保证基坑开挖过程中建筑物变形量处于控制值范围之内;围护桩直径增加50.0%,建筑物基础沉降减小19.5%,楼板竖向位移减小27.3%;建筑结构柱尺寸(边长)增加1倍,沉降最大值可减小60.0%。     

土钉支护在某深基坑工程中的应用分析

为了检测土钉支护技术在郑州等地区深基坑工程中的适用性和可行性,对某基坑开挖过程中基坑周边的安全情况进行了跟踪监测。采用精密水准仪和测斜仪对基坑西侧和南侧的两条主干道路、基坑在开挖施工中向坑内的水平位移及基坑周边主要建筑物的沉降进行了观测。监测结果表明,各测点沉降位移和水平位移均满足工程要求,土钉支护取得了明显的预期效果。     

郑州某深基坑桩锚支护监测与分析

郑州某深基坑工程原设计开挖深度为９．１ｍ，采用桩锚支护结构，当基坑开挖至６．５ｍ时，由于设计变更，基坑开挖设计深度增加至１４．７ｍ，设计变更后在原已施工完的桩锚支护结构下面再次进行桩锚支护设计施工，对深基坑支护结构的坡顶位移、深层水平位移以及周边建筑物沉降持续监测。监测数据表明:坡顶水平位移随着基坑开挖逐渐增大，靠近建筑物处发展较快，坡顶最大水平位移为０．７ｍｍ；下部混凝土冠梁对深层水平位移发展的抑制作用明显，在施工后期，深层水平位移曲线发展为“两端小，中间大”的形状，最大深层水平位移为１．２ｍｍ；整个监测过程，附近建筑物未出现裂缝，最大沉降值为０．３９ｍｍ。     

复杂边界条件下富水深基坑变形控制研究

城市地铁的迅速发展,车站基坑工程的安全性愈发受到重视。为研究在地下水丰富、周边环境复杂的工况下基坑不同支护方案的安全性,为类似工程设计施工提供指导及参考,运用三维有限差分计算软件FLAC3D对基坑工程施工过程进行数值模拟,对基坑开挖过程中支护结构的水平位移、建筑不均匀沉降及管廊竖向位移进行研究。结果表明:采用钻孔灌注桩(Φ800 mm@1 500 mm)+内支撑及桩间旋喷形式,基坑围护桩水平变形超过安全允许值,且周边建筑物不均匀沉降较大;若采用地连墙(厚800mm)+内支撑的支护形式可有效控制基坑及周边构筑物的变形,使结构处于安全状态。     

基坑开挖变形及其对周围建筑的影响分析

随着城市空间的高效利用,新建基坑工程施工难度越来越大,基坑开挖变形及其对周边既有建筑影响的研究愈加重要。以某深基坑工程为例,利用三维有限元模型对基坑实际开挖过程进行数值模拟计算,结合实测变形数据对基坑变形特征及其对周围建筑物的影响进行综合分析。结果表明：新基坑开挖过程中,围护结构发生了整体偏向基坑内部的侧向位移,最大位移发生在基坑围护桩紧邻建筑物一侧的中部;基坑周边及底部土体沉降呈“凹槽型”,即开挖深度越大,沉降越大;新基坑开挖导致周围建筑物产生了不同均匀沉降,但随着围护结构的施工,建筑物变形逐渐减小并趋于稳定。研究结果可为类似深基坑工程设计和施工提供一定的参考。     

周边建筑对深基坑支护结构的影响分析

为研究城市高大建筑和市政设施等对深基坑支护结构的影响,以沈阳金融中心大厦深基坑工程为研究对象,研究了周边建筑荷载对在建深基坑支护结构稳定性的影响。通过现场监测,研究基坑水平和竖直位移变化规律,验证支护结构的有效性;利用大型有限元分析软件MIDAS/GTS为计算工具对基坑进行多次数值模拟,得到建筑物作用力、建筑距离等作用的改变与支护结构变形之间的关系。研究结果表明:当基坑周边存在建筑物时,基坑变形量明显加大;随着基坑周边建筑物作用力的增大,基坑变形量呈线性增加;在2倍基坑开挖深度范围内,建筑距离对基坑的影响呈幂级数增加,建筑物"细高"时对基坑的影响较大,"矮胖"时较小。上述研究成果对基坑支护结构方案的优化有一定的指导意义。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.     

浅谈天湖水电站水轮机运行故障及处理措施

简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式，分析其原因，提出了相应的处理方法及措施，并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。