轧制工艺参数对高强度桥梁钢组织和力学性能的影响

通过真空感应炉冶炼了Q690qE试验钢,并采用不同的控制轧制+超快冷工艺将试验钢轧制成12 mm厚的钢板。对钢板组织和性能进行了检测,研究了终冷温度、终轧温度对钢板组织和性能的影响。结果表明,随着终冷温度的提高,组织中上贝氏体含量减少,粒状贝氏体含量增加,M/A组织尺寸增加;抗拉强度和屈服强度均降低,伸长率逐渐提高,低温冲击韧性大幅降低;随着终轧温度的降低,组织中粒状贝氏体含量有所减少,M/A组织尺寸减小,抗拉强度和屈服强度提高,屈强比提高,伸长率下降,低温冲击韧性大幅升高。     

高强度工程机械用钢Q550的回火工艺

采用控轧控冷(TMCP)+回火工艺试制了高强度工程机械钢板Q550,研究了不同温度回火后性能和组织的变化.结果表明,回火使抗拉强度持续降低;400 ～ 450℃回火后屈服强度增加,而伸长率降低;500℃以上回火后屈服强度随回火温度上升而下降,而伸长率和低温冲击韧性随着回火温度上升而增加,400 ～ 500℃出现回火脆性.在550℃回火60 min后M/A岛组织分解,贝氏体板条合并粗化,位错密度大大降低,并析出更加细小弥散,直径约为30 nm的Nb、Ti碳氮化物,钢板性能有所提高:屈服强度为725 MPa;抗拉强度为780 MPa;伸长率为20％;-60℃冲击吸收能量平均值为186.7 J.     

桥梁板Q420qD-Z25生产实践

介绍了河北普阳钢铁有限公司生产Q420qD-Z25厚规格钢板的化学成分设计、控轧控冷工艺及钢板性能。研究了不同未再结晶区开轧温度对Q420qD-Z25厚规格钢板组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：铌、钒微合金元素的复合添加,有助于细化铁素体晶粒,提高钢材的强度和韧性。采用两阶段控制轧制工艺,随着未再结晶区开轧温度的降低,组织更加细化,钢板的抗拉强度及伸长率变化不大,但屈服强度及-20 ℃冲击功显著提高。轧后钢板下线后迅速进行高温堆垛缓冷,保证了钢板具有优异的Z向性能。     

控轧控冷工艺对HY420钢板组织性能的影响

随着我国海洋资源利用的不断发展,亟需推动高等级海洋工程用钢的国产化进程。海洋平台的工作环境严苛,对所用钢材的强度、韧性、可焊性、抗层状撕裂等性能均有较高要求。控轧控冷工艺(TMCP)是目前国际上高强度海洋工程用钢生产中应用最为广泛的工艺方法之一。文章采用非线性回归分析方法,结合微观组织研究,分析了控轧控冷工艺参数对低碳微合金钢HY420板材力学性能的影响,从而得到较合适的HY420级高强度钢板的TMCP生产工艺。实验结果表明,适当提高终轧温度、降低终冷温度可在提高屈服强度和抗拉强度的同时,使钢板具有较好的低温冲击韧性。     

高强度船板钢E40生产工艺模拟试验

采用250kg真空感应炉冶炼E40坯料,然后在实验室进行了控轧控冷的热轧试验和正火实验。对两种工艺生产的试样进行了力学性能测试。结果表明:与控轧控冷(TMCP)轧制的钢板相比,经同样轧制工艺后在910℃正火的钢,其屈服强度和抗拉强度均降低且低于船级社的标准;而控轧控冷(TMCP)的E40试验钢具有良好的综合力学性能。无论纵横向拉伸性能,以及-20～-60℃冲击韧性均完全满足船级社的性能标准。利用金相显微镜和扫描电镜对其组织进行检测。结果表明,两种工艺生产的钢板显微组织基本为多边形铁素体和无碳化物贝氏体及少量珠光体的复合组织;只不过经正火处理的钢板晶粒较细小,其内的混晶组织得到改善,伸长率和冲击韧性均有所提高。     

控轧控冷工艺对L450M管线钢屈强比的影响

为了提高管线用钢的安全服役性能,使其获得良好的强韧性和较低的屈强比,采用现场小批量试制试验,研究了不同控轧控冷工艺对L450M管线钢组织性能的影响。结果表明：L450M管线钢采用粗轧开轧温度1 010～1 050℃,精轧开轧温度920～960℃,精轧终轧温度790～830℃,终冷温度550～580℃,屈服强度可达到475～513 MPa,抗拉强度565～583 MPa,伸长率32%～38%,屈强比0.82～0.88,-20℃横向冲击功188～285 J,满足API SPEC 5L-2018标准要求;适当提高精轧终轧温度、降低粗轧阶段变形量、减少精轧阶段轧制道次,有利于降低L450M管线钢的屈强比;适当降低冷速、提高终冷温度,使L450M管线钢显微组织中先共析铁素体比例增加,有利于降低屈强比。     

非调质CT80连续油管用钢的控轧控冷工艺

利用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机进行了控轧控冷热模拟试验,分析了非调质CT80连续油管用钢的精轧变形温度、冷却速度和卷取温度对试验钢组织与性能的影响规律。基于控轧控冷热模拟试验结果,设定了试验钢实验室轧制工艺,在终轧温度830℃、冷却速度46℃/s和卷取温度450℃轧制工艺条件下,获得了具有针状铁素体+贝氏体+少量M/A岛组织构成的成品钢板,其屈服强度620 MPa,抗拉强度754 MPa,伸长率29.2%,屈强比0.82,各项性能均满足CT80连续油管用钢力学性能要求。     

建筑用抗震钢板的控轧控冷工艺与性能研究

研究了开冷温度、终冷温度和轧制工艺对低碳高锰建筑钢板常温拉伸性能、-40℃冲击功、屈强比和显微组织的影响,分析了工艺参数与性能之间的关系和作用机理。结果表明,随着开冷温度的降低,屈强强度、抗拉强度和-40℃冲击功逐渐降低,而断后伸长率逐渐增加,适当降低开冷温度有助于降低材料的屈强比;随着终冷温度的降低,屈服强度和抗拉强度逐渐升高,而断后伸长率和-40℃冲击功逐渐减小,屈强比上升。试验钢具有较高强塑性的同时具有较低的屈强比,主要与组织中相对软的贝氏体铁素体和较硬的M-A岛复相组织以及晶粒尺寸有关。     

控轧控冷工艺对X70级抗大变形管线钢组织与性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及力学性能实验等研究了控轧控冷工艺对X70级管线钢的组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明:不同终轧温度下X70管线钢的显微组织主要由多边形铁素体、贝氏体和少量的珠光体组成,且随着终轧温度的升高,抗拉强度与屈服强度降低,硬度下降,冲击韧性提高,但屈强比变化不大,并且落锤性能较差;随着终轧温度的升高,晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,铁素体体积含量增多。在不同的终冷温度下,X70管线钢的显微组织主要由多边形铁素体和贝氏体组成,并且随着终冷温度的升高,抗拉强度大幅度降低,屈服强度则呈M形波动,硬度呈线性降低,冲击吸收能量大幅度升高且落锤性能较好,屈强比缓慢升高;随着终冷温度的升高,晶粒度等级基本保持稳定,铁素体含量呈线性增加。该大变形管线钢最优的轧制工艺为控制终轧温度为840℃,终冷温度为450℃。     

控轧控冷工艺对低合金超高强度工程机械用钢组织和性能的影响

通过实验室模拟轧制,对低合金超高强度工程机械用钢在不同控轧控冷工艺下的组织和性能进行了研究.结果表明:采用两阶段控制轧制和直接淬火+低温回火工艺所得到的超高强度钢板具有最佳的强韧性配比,其抗拉强度为1902MPa;屈服强度为1568MPa;伸长率为10％;断面收缩率为43％;室温和-40℃冲击功分别为28J、24J,硬度为53 HRC.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.