含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物的制备及性能

自制含氟丙烯酸酯单体与其他丙烯酸酯分别以溶液聚合和乳液聚合制得含氟丙烯酸酯溶液共聚物(Ⅰ)和乳液共聚物(Ⅱ),并与不含氟的丙烯酸酯共聚物(Ⅲ)性能进行了对比:Ⅰ在水中浸泡96h后涂膜完好,Ⅲ剥离;Ⅱ在水中浸泡24h后吸水率为12 01%～13 65%,Ⅲ为24 87%;Ⅰ、Ⅱ分别在丙酮和w(NaOH)=5%的水溶液中浸泡24h,涂膜基本完好,Ⅲ则剥离、破裂或溶解;w(氟单体)=5%时以KH-570改性Ⅰ并按上述方法测试性能,涂膜完好,硬度由HB提高到H;Ⅰ与水的平均接触角为62 1°～68 4°,Ⅱ为53 9°～61 0°,Ⅲ为29 1°～30 5°,KH-570改性Ⅰ后为63 4°～67 3°。上述结果表明:含氟共聚物涂膜的耐水性、耐碱性、耐溶剂性和自洁性均优于不含氟的共聚物,且含氟单体与KH-570具有良好的协同作用。     

P(CTFE-BVE-SUA)含氟无皂乳液的制备

以无皂乳液聚合法合成了聚(三氟氯乙烯-乙烯基正丁基醚-十一烯酸钠)[P(CTFE-BVE-SUA)]含氟共聚物乳液,考察了单体配比对聚合反应的影响,同时对影响乳液粒径的因素进行了研究。结果表明:以无皂乳液聚合法制得的含氟乳液稳定性好、粒径分布均匀。通过控制单体配比可以得到不同结构、不同氟含量的乳液。聚合反应中过硫酸钾(KPS)的浓度、聚合温度以及SUA用量对乳液粒径的影响较大,试验中还发现,聚合反应过程中压力的变化与反应的进程是同步的。     

含氟丙烯酸酯乳液高疏水性与低氟含量的平衡探索

为了研究含氟丙烯酸酯乳液涂膜的疏水性与氟含量的平衡关系,以甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯(DFHM)为含氟单体,双丙酮丙烯酰胺(DAAM)和己二酸二酰肼(ADH)为交联单体,采用半连续核壳乳液聚合的方法合成了一系列自交联含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物乳液。研究表明:含氟单体含量为12%(即氟含量为6.84%,均以聚合单体的总质量计,下同)时,含氟基团在涂膜表面可以达到饱和,乳液固含量可达38.2%;再添加4%交联单体,涂膜的水接触角为116.6°。当含氟单体含量降为4%(氟含量2.28%)时,通过提高成膜温度或添加成膜助剂,也可使涂膜表面的水接触角达到104.2°,具有较好的疏水性能。     

活性纳米TiO2改性含氟聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液的性能及应用

以纳米TiO2 (Nano-TiO2)、-甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH570)、全氟辛基乙基丙烯酸酯（FM）等为主要原料,通过KH570改性纳米TiO2后,与丙烯基单体共聚制得了活性纳米TiO2改性含氟聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液。通过红外光谱（FT-IR）、原子力显微镜（AFM）及接触角测量仪等手段研究了共聚物的结构及性能。结果表明：改性纳米TiO2、含氟单体均成功引入到聚丙烯酸酯共聚物中;乳胶粒呈球形分布,表面光滑且呈单分散状态,平均粒径为184nm;与丙烯酸酯聚合物相比,改性后涂膜的粗糙度提高,有利于防水防油性能的提升。氟硅单体的加入使涂膜的接触角大大增加,对水和二碘甲烷的接触角分别为125°及110°, 复合乳液用作表面施胶剂对纸张进行测试后,纸张对水接触角为147°,对二碘甲烷接触角为133°,纸张防水防油性随着氟单体的引入而显著增加。     

含氟丙烯酸酯四元共聚核壳乳液的合成与表征

采用半连续种子乳液聚合的方式,以十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和OP-10为复合乳化剂,甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯(Acty-flon-Go4)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为原料制备了壳层含氟的核壳型丙烯酸酯共聚物乳液。研究了引发体系和聚合温度对聚合反应转化率的影响;通过透射电镜(TEM)、FTIR、示差扫描量热(DSC)对共聚物乳胶粒径、形态及结构进行了研究。     

N-苯基马来酰亚胺与苯乙烯共聚物乳液的研究

采用种子乳液聚合法制备了N-苯基马来酰亚胺(NPMI)与苯乙烯(St)共聚物乳液,讨论了单体配比对共聚物乳液的聚合稳定性、转化率、流变性、表面张力、粒径大小及分布的影响。结果表明:随着混合单体中NPMI含量的增加,NPMI与St混合单体的转化率降低,聚合物乳液的凝胶量增大,聚合稳定性减弱,黏度逐渐增加。所得共聚物乳液粒径为70~80nm,粒径分布均匀。     

含氟丙烯酸酯共聚乳液的合成与性能研究

由甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)和丙烯酸六氟丁酯合成了含氟三元共聚乳液.采用正交方法设计实验条件,并对实验结果以及乳液成膜性能进行探讨.FTIR、1H-NMR对共聚物的组成进行了定量分析,计算得出了共聚物中各组分的摩尔百分数.对三元含氟共聚物乳液涂膜的表面性能进行测量表明,共聚物氟含量直接影响着膜的表面性能.     

醋酸乙烯-丙烯酸无皂乳液共聚的研究

研究了以醋酸乙烯(VAc)为主单体,丙烯酸(AA)为改性功能单体,以“半连续”加料方式进行无皂乳液共聚合过程,得到了稳定的乳液。并探讨了功能单体AA含量、反应温度等对共聚的影响。采用FTIR、粒度分析等方法对共聚物的组成、乳胶粒子的尺寸及分布进行了分析表征。结果表明:在(65±2)℃的温度下聚合,所得乳液稳定性好、转化率高,反应完全,且随着功能单体AA含量的增加,乳液粘度上升,单体转化率下降,乳胶粒粒径变小且粒径呈单分散性。     

交联玉米淀粉-醋酸乙烯酯接枝共聚乳液的制备及性能

碱性条件下,玉米淀粉经环氧氯丙烷交联处理后,在引发剂存在下,与醋酸乙烯酯进一步接枝共聚制得了交联玉米淀粉-醋酸乙烯酯乳液,经红外光谱确认了共聚物,较好的乳液制备工艺:m(淀粉)∶m(环氧氯丙烷)=25∶1,90°C交联1 h,加入过硫酸铵,按m(醋酸乙烯酯)∶m(淀粉)=3∶1,在70°C接枝共聚3 h。各种淀粉胶液的性能对比结果表明:交联玉米淀粉-醋酸乙烯酯接枝聚合乳液冷热稳定性好,耐水性≥54 h,储存期360 d,剪切强度达9.1 MPa。     

含胺基水溶性单体的乳液共聚合研究

制备了含水溶性单体甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯(DM)的三元共聚物乳液。研究了聚合工艺、DM含量对聚合的影响。结果表明少量DM参与共聚不但不会影响乳液的稳定性,还可提高聚合反应速率;但是,当DM含量5%时,随着DM含量的增加,乳胶粒聚并加剧,稳定性降低。当DM含量超过10%时,三元共聚物可以在酸性介质中溶解。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.