减缩剂对碱激发煤矸石-矿渣胶凝材料性能的影响

本文探讨了减缩剂(SRA)对碱激发煤矸石-矿渣(AACGS)胶凝材料力学性能和干燥收缩的影响,进一步分析掺入SRA后水化热、水化产物及微观结构的变化规律。结果表明:掺入3%(质量分数)SRA明显降低了AACGS胶凝材料的力学性能,但随着水化的进行,降低幅度逐渐减小;随着SRA掺量的增加,干燥收缩显著减小。微观分析表明,SRA的掺入没有导致新的水化产物生成,但延缓了水化反应,抑制了碱激发材料早期的聚合反应,增加了碱激发胶凝材料的孔隙率,这也是SRA使AACGS胶凝材料力学性能降低的原因。SRA并没有明显改变孔隙溶液中碱金属离子的浓度,水化进程的延缓和固相结构的形成是其降低AACGS砂浆干燥收缩的主要原因。     

碱激活粉煤灰-矿渣-煤矸石复合体系胶凝材料强度研究

碱激活粉煤灰-矿渣-煤矸石复合体系胶凝材料较优养护环境为20±1℃、相对湿度90%湿气养护,其在28d养护龄期内强度发展势头较好.碱激活粉煤灰-矿渣-煤矸石复合体系胶凝材料28d、40d强度随煤矸石含量(30%~50%)的增加而增加,随矿渣含量增加而增加,随水玻璃:氢氧化钠值的增加而先增大后降低,随液胶比的增加而降低,随激发剂的增加而先增大后降低.粉煤灰受碱性激发水化硬化较缓慢,在28d龄期对材料的强度增长贡献不大,但在40d龄期对材料强度的提高作用就较为明显了.碱激活粉煤灰-矿渣-煤矸石复合体系胶凝材料较优制备参数为煤矸石:矿渣:粉煤灰为5:4:1,水玻璃:氢氧化钠为5:1,激发剂掺量为20%该配比下,材料在0.40水灰比条件下,28d强度达到17.7MPa,40d强度达到41.55MPa.     

碱激发胶凝材料固化/稳定化土壤重金属研究进展

碱激发胶凝材料作为一种新型铝硅酸盐无机聚合物胶凝材料,其特殊的水化反应机理和水化产物使其在固化/稳定化有毒重金属离子领域得到了广泛应用.阐述了碱激发胶凝材料的反应产物、结构性能和反应机理,综述了碱激发胶凝材料对砷、汞、镉、铅、锌以及多种重金属协同的固化/稳定化方式.研究现状表明,目前尚未对碱激发胶凝材料进行详细分类,碱...     

碱激发粉煤灰/钢渣胶凝材料的制备

以低钙粉煤灰和钢渣为主要原料制备碱激发胶凝材料,对比了碱激发粉煤灰和碱激发粉煤灰-钢渣复合胶凝材料的力学性能,研究了原料配比、水玻璃模数和早期养护温度对力学性能的影响,并对比了两种胶凝材料的水化产物.结果 表明,钢渣与粉煤灰质量比为1∶2,水玻璃模数为1.4,早期养护温度为80℃时,复合胶凝材料的抗压强度最高,且优于纯粉煤灰组的强度.钢渣的掺入促进了体系中生成较多的钠系菱沸石,为胶凝材料提供了更高的强度.     

直流电预养护对NaOH激发粉煤灰早期强度的影响研究

以超细粉煤灰为原料,NaOH为激发剂,在常温养护前用短时间(1 h)直流电预养护方式有效改善了碱激发粉煤灰胶凝材料的早期性能.研究了直流电预养护对碱激发粉煤灰胶凝材料净浆试样内部温度、凝结时间以及力学性能的影响.结果 表明:常温养护前使用短时间(1 h)直流电预养护可以显著改善材料的凝结性能和早期力学性能.在直流电预养护条件下,养护电压越高,碱激发胶凝材料试样内部温度的峰值也越高.在常温养护条件下,碱激发粉煤灰主要发生的是粉煤灰中的部分玻璃相溶解缩聚生成少量无定形铝硅酸盐凝胶的水化反应,而使用直流电预养护后可使碱激发胶凝材料在早期水化过程中生成更多的铝硅酸盐凝胶和羟基方钠石,从而改善了材料的早期力学性能.     

电石渣激发矿渣-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料的作用机制

为探究矿渣、粉煤灰及电石渣的资源化利用,以电石渣作为碱激发剂,研究了矿渣-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料的水化产物组成及强度特征。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、热重-差示扫描热(TG-DSC)、扫描电子显微镜及能谱(SEM-EDS)等微观测试技术,分析了复合胶凝材料的晶体结构、热化学性质以及微观形貌等特性,研究了电石渣激发矿渣-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料的作用机制。结果表明：电石渣作为碱激发剂时能为矿渣-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料提供初始水化所需要的强碱环境,驱动矿渣和粉煤灰发生水化反应。随着矿渣掺量的增加,复合胶凝材料的强度发展呈先增加后减小的变化趋势,在粉煤灰与矿渣掺量质量配比为4∶6、外掺电石渣质量分数为4%时,复合材料浆体经4 d常温养护+32 h高温蒸汽养护后抗压强度达到25.9 MPa;矿渣-粉煤灰复合胶凝体系中水化产物分布不均,主要组成为水化硅酸钙、水化铝酸钙、水化硅铝酸钙等凝胶。电石渣作为矿渣-粉煤灰体系的碱激发剂使用时效果良好。     

碱激发偏高岭土-矿渣砂浆的碱骨料反应机理研究

碱激发胶凝材料是一种新型低碳材料，其液相环境的碱度普遍高于水泥基材料，势必导致碱骨料反应引起的体积变形不同于水泥基材料。为探究碱激发胶凝材料的碱骨料反应行为与液相碱度的关系，选取花岗岩为代表性骨料制备碱激发偏高岭土-矿渣砂浆，研究在不同浓度NaOH溶液浸泡下的砂浆变形行为。结合微观分析表明，碱激发胶凝材料的体积收缩能很好地抑制碱骨料反应产生的膨胀，不同浸泡条件下碱激发偏高岭土-矿渣砂浆会呈现不同的变形行为。碱激发偏高岭土-矿渣砂浆的膨胀是由碱骨料反应生成产物以及原类沸石结构的水化硅铝酸钠凝胶向沸石结构转化所造成的。当碱激发胶凝材料的孔溶液氢氧根离子浓度大于0.209 mol/L时，碱骨料反应会发生。     

免烧锰渣砖的配合比设计、制备与性能研究

本文基于石灰激发锰渣及粉煤灰类火山灰材料的机理,在蒸养条件下制备免烧锰渣砖,系统研究了不同掺量的粉煤灰(10％～40％)和水泥(5％～20％)对石灰-锰渣胶凝体系力学性能的影响规律;并在此基础上对胶砂比、成型压力及养护条件进行了系统研究,得出最佳配合比为:锰渣60％、石灰10％、粉煤灰20％、水泥10％,胶凝材料∶砂=1∶0.5,水胶比:0.18,成型压力:10 MPa,养护温度:90℃;另外通过SEM和XRD对免烧锰渣砖的微观形貌和水化产物进行了分析,发现胶凝材料水化产生的胶凝物质使电解锰渣免烧砖的强度增强.     

蒸养条件下复合胶凝材料水化过程(英文)

复合胶凝材料水化性能在蒸汽养护及标准养护下有很大差异。通过水化程度、水化产物分析,研究了养护条件及胶凝材料组成对大掺量粉煤灰和磨细矿渣粉矿物掺合料复合胶凝材料体系水化性能的影响。采用化学结合水法、氢氧化钙法及X射线衍射法对复合胶凝材料的水化程度和水化产物进行了表征。结果表明:蒸汽养护条件加速了复合胶凝材料的早期水化,在蒸养阶段更为明显;化学结合水法和氢氧化钙法均能表征胶凝材料的水化程度,当采用氢氧化钙法时,应考虑掺合料火山灰反应影响;蒸汽养护条件下,复合胶凝材料的水化产物种类不变,但水化产物含量增多。     

KR脱硫渣碱激发矿渣的配比优化及水化特性

KR脱硫渣是铁水脱硫工序产生的废渣,多种固废协同制备胶凝材料是脱硫渣资源化的有效途径。本文利用KR脱硫渣、矿渣和脱硫石膏制备固废基胶凝材料,研究KR脱硫渣和矿渣掺量对胶凝材料力学性能的影响,优化原材料配比。通过XRD、TG-DSC、IR、SEM-EDS和水化热测试方法研究了固废基胶凝材料的水化产物及水化特性。结果表明,固废基胶凝材料优化配比为KR脱硫渣25%(质量分数,下同),矿渣60%,脱硫石膏15%,胶凝材料3 d、28 d、90 d抗压强度分别达到30.01 MPa、49.47 MPa和55.73 MPa。固废基胶凝材料的早期水化放热速率低,3 d累积放热量仅为普通硅酸盐水泥(OPC)的37.9%,其水化产物主要是针棒状钙矾石(AFt)和无定形水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)凝胶。KR脱硫渣中大量的Ca(OH)₂在水化早期可以碱激发矿渣,使玻璃相硅酸盐解体,同时与脱硫石膏反应促进AFt的生成。KR脱硫渣、矿渣和脱硫石膏协同反应使水化后期的水化产物持续增加,相互胶结形成致密结构,有利于强度的持续增长。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。