复吹转炉预直炼法成渣路线分析

 转炉成渣路线直接影响生产效率,而预直炼法脱磷期与脱碳期任务的不同,对成渣的要求应区别对待。 从热力学和动力学两个方面,对预直炼法不同时期成渣路线进行了分析探讨。结果表明,铁水磷含量不同应选择不同的成渣路线,预直炼法脱磷期和脱碳期成渣路线有明显不同。脱磷期铁水中磷含量较高,脱磷的驱动力较大,主要通过改善动力学条件来加快脱磷,宜采用铁质成渣路线。脱碳期铁水温度较高是脱磷的不利条件,因此改善热力学条件来进一步强化脱磷,宜采用钙质成渣路线。     

复吹转炉底吹喷粉实验研究

在1:6物理模型上,通过水模实验对复吹转炉底吹喷粉时熔池搅拌情况进行了研究.结果表明:喷粉对熔池搅拌有明显的促进作用.喷粉条件下,均混时间随顶吹气体流量的增加存在最小值,最佳顶吹气体流量为117.0 m3/h,增加底吹气体流量对降低均混时间有利.在本实验范围内最佳顶吹流量为117.0 m3/h、最佳底吹流量为2.36 m3/h.     

转炉预直炼法最佳分界点的理论研究

通过对预直炼法前后期总物料平衡计算,得出总石灰耗量、总渣量、总氧气消耗量和渣中铁吹损量。计算结果发现,总石灰消耗、总渣量、铁吹损量随半钢中磷的增加存在最小值,且随中间倒渣量的增加而减小。总耗氧量则随半钢磷的增大有减小趋势。中磷铁水最佳倒渣点应控制前期脱磷率为87％～91％。     

转炉预直炼法最佳分界点的理论研究

通过对预直炼法前后期总物料平衡计算,得出总石灰耗量、总渣量、总氧气消耗量和渣中铁吹损量。计算结果发现,总石灰消耗、总渣量、铁吹损量随半钢中磷的增加存在最小值,且随中间倒渣量的增加而减小。总耗氧量则随半钢磷的增大有减小趋势。中磷铁水最佳倒渣点应控制前期脱磷率为87％～91％。     

转炉氧枪顶吹工艺的水力学模拟

根据鞍钢180t氧气转炉生产情况，进行氧气顶吹转炉1／15模型的水力学模拟实验，以得出吹炼工艺参数对熔池的影响。结果表明，当模型顶吹气体流量≥15．5m^3／h时，枪位和流量变化对熔池均混时间影响较小；熔池的喷溅量随枪位降低和顶吹气体流量的增加而增加；当气体流量为16．0m^3／h时，熔池的喷溅量较大。     

300t 顶底复吹转炉氧枪枪位的水模型研究和应用

研究了300t顶底复吹转炉1:10几何相似比的水模型顶枪枪位（150~230mm）和流量（44~48m³/h）对钢液混匀时间的影响。模拟结果得出,最佳枪位为170mm,最佳流量为45m³/h。钢厂300t顶底复吹转炉应用结果表明,顶吹流量60000m³/h和底吹流量1000m³/h时,当顶枪枪位由1900mm改进为1700mm时,碳氧积平均值由原来的27.94降为23.49,提高了转炉内熔池的搅拌效果,吹炼时间由原15.8min降低至15.5min,降低了生产成本。     

180t复吹转炉单渣法深脱磷工艺的研究

通过研究180 t复吹转炉单渣深脱磷工艺,确定实际铁水条件下吹炼制度、造渣制度、温度制度等影响转炉脱磷效果的关键控制参数,并通过优化出钢模式、采用低磷合金及顶渣改质等控制回磷措施,实现了复吹转炉单渣法出钢平均ω[P]为0.007 9%,成品平均ω[P]为0.008 4%的目标。     

120t复吹转炉底吹供气优化的模拟研究

针对天津钢铁集团有限公司120t复吹转炉,通过水力学物理模拟对转炉底吹供气进行了优化研究,寻求合理的底吹供气模式并进行生产实践。结果表明：转炉底吹对转炉熔池搅拌有很大的影响,喷嘴数目增加,熔池混匀时间有减小的趋势,与喷嘴流量均分模式相比,流量直线模式和“V”型模式混匀时间都得到改善,直线模式更有利于熔池的搅拌;优化后转炉冶炼有较大幅度的改善,转炉终点命中率提高,碳氧积更稳定,达到了强化转炉冶炼的目的。     

鞍钢100 t顶吹转炉双联法脱磷工艺的研究

为了满足鞍钢股份有限公司炼钢总厂低磷、超低磷钢的冶炼要求,分析了顶吹转炉双联法脱磷的影响因素,并在100 t转炉进行了工业试验,结合理论分析和试验结果,优化了转炉的供氧制度和造渣制度。结果表明,成品磷含量小于0.004%以下的比例达到91.11%,成品磷含量小于0.006%的比例达到100%。     

大型转炉顶底复吹混合效果模拟

 为研究复吹参数对脱磷转炉混匀行为和脱磷效果的影响,根据相似原理,针对300 t双联脱磷转炉进行实验室的水模拟试验,研究了21种不同底吹元件数量和布置方式,顶吹强度、氧枪枪位以及底吹强度对熔池混匀效果的影响,利用数值模拟方法进行了进一步的分析比较。结果表明,采用8支底吹元件的对称集中布置方式,同时保持较大流量的底吹强度可加强对熔池的搅拌效果。通过工业试验得出,半钢平均磷质量分数由试验前的0.024 9%降低到0.017 3%,半钢脱磷率由试验前的75.3%提高到85.4%,提高了熔池整体的搅拌效率和脱磷效果。     

应用COMI炼钢工艺控制转炉脱磷基础研究

 基于转炉炼钢过程脱磷的热力学分析和计算,以控制转炉冶炼过程脱磷期温度为出发点,提出一种利用CO2气体代替部分O2进行吹炼的转炉炼钢新工艺,即COMI炼钢工艺。研究发现：COMI炼钢工艺能有效控制转炉熔池温度,降低半钢和一倒钢液磷含量,同时可有效减少炉渣铁损,为转炉高效脱磷提供了一种新思路。     

Research on Top and Bottom Mixed Blowing CO2 in Converter Steelmaking Process

Based on the analysis of reaction mechanism between CO₂ and molten pool elements at the steelmaking temperature, and on the calculation of materials and heat balance during converter steelmaking process with blowing CO₂, a new technology which uses CO₂‐O₂ as top gas and CO₂ as bottom gas in a converter was proposed and experimented in a 30 t converter. It is found that the new technology is feasible absolutely, the amounts of smoke dust and T‐Fe are reduced by 11.15% and 12.98% on average, the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus are decreased by 50% and 23.33% respectively, iron loss of slag is lowered by 3.10% and oxygen consumption is reduced remarkably. This research will provide a new blowing method for BOF steelmaking process, which can save steelmaking energy consumption and reduce smelting cost.     

顶底复合吹炼转炉冶炼不锈钢

降低不锈钢制造成本,是当前发展国内不锈钢生产的关键所在。采用转炉冶炼不锈钢是降低炼钢工序成本的合理选择。国内外已进行了大量的开发,日本川崎公司K—BOP顶底复吹转炉炼不锈钢已投入生产,太钢K—OBM转炉冶炼不锈钢在技术上是可行的。     

Dephosphorization and Desulphurization Pretreatment of Liquid Iron using CaF2‐free Fluxes containing BOF Slags

In order to examine the possibility of recycling BOF slags as dephosphorization and desulphurization fluxes, experiments were performed in a system with liquid iron and artificially prepared fluxes comprising BOF slags, lime and/or sinter ore in a Al₂O₃ crucible at 1623 and 1673K. The phosphorus and sulphur content in liquid iron were expressed as a function of reaction time in the form of exponential decay of first order. CaF₂‐free fluxes comprising BOF slags, lime and/or sinter ore showed very high capacities of dephosphorization and desulphurization, which means that BOF slags could largely be recycled in the hot metal pretreatment processes.     

Preliminary Investigation of Mathematical Modeling of Stainless Steelmaking in an AOD Converter: Mathematical Model of the Process

Mathematical modeling of stainless steelmaking in an AOD (argon‐oxygen decarburisation) converter with side and top combined blowing has been preliminarily investigated. The actual situations of the side and top combined blowing AOD process were analysed. A mathematical model for the whole refining process of stainless steel has been proposed and developed. The model is based on the assumption that one part of the oxygen blown through a top lance reacts with CO escaping from the bath, another part of the oxygen oxidizes the elements in the molten steel droplets splashed by the oxygen jet, and the remaining oxygen penetrates and dissolves into the molten steel through the pit stroked by the jet. All the oxygen entering into the bath oxidizes C, Cr, Si, and Mn dissolved in the steel and also the Fe of the steel melt, but the FeO generated is also an oxidant of C, Cr, Si, and Mn in the steel. During the process, all possible oxidation‐reduction reactions occur simultaneously and reach their equilibria, respectively their combined equilibrium, in competition at the liquid/bubble and liquid/slag interfaces. In the simple side blowing after the top blowing operation is finished, the possible reactions take place simultaneously and reach a combined equilibrium in competition at the liquid/bubble interfaces. The overall decarburization rate in the refining process is the sum of the contributions of both the top and side blowing processes. It is also assumed that at high carbon concentrations, the oxidation rates of elements are mainly dependent upon the supplied oxygen rate, and at low carbon contents, the rate of decarburisation is primarily related to the mass transfer of carbon from the molten steel bulk to the interface. It is further assumed that the non‐reacting oxygen blown into the bath does not accumulate in the steel and will escape from the bath and react with CO in the atmosphere above the bath. The study presents calculations of the refining rate and the mass and heat balances of the system for the whole process. Additionally, the influences of the operating factors, including addition of slag materials, scrap, and alloy agents, the non‐isothermal conditions, the changes in the amounts of metal and slag during the whole refining process, and others have all been considered.