A self-optimized random access protocol for an infrastructure-less mission critical wireless networking system

A random access protocol with multiple receivers per mobile node for infrastructure-less mission critical wireless networking system is introduced and analyzed. Each receiver of a mobile node may receive a packet in the presence of collision depending on the receiver quality defined as capture ratio. The maximum throughput per mobile node depends exclusively on the number of receivers per node and the capture ratio. Since the maximum throughput is independent of the variable factors of the network, the network is self-optimized. The self-optimized throughput increases with the increase of the number of receivers per node and the quality of each receiver (defined as capture ratio). On the other hand, the cost per mobile node also increases with the increase of the number of receivers per node and the quality of each receiver. The trade-off between the self-optimized throughput per node and the cost per mobile node is analyzed. In mission critical networking system, most of the traffic may be the real-time traffic, where the number of retransmission attempts is limited. The normalized delay is almost constant if the number of retransmission attempts is more than eight. However, the packet rejection probability decreases with the increase of the number of retransmission attempts.     

无人机激光无线能量传输APT系统跟踪设计

无人机激光无线能量传输捕获、瞄准、跟踪(APT)系统是系统接收端获得稳定能源的保障。为了解决能量传输过程中充电链路高效可靠的问题, 结合无人机激光能量传输系统特点及实际需求, 在设计中建立自适应感兴趣区域, 提高图像处理速度, 降低噪声, 准确提取目标坐标; 综合考虑多重误差后通过Kalman预测算法实现稳定跟踪, 并根据系统特点提出了系统功率传输效率的计算方案。结果表明, 当无人机飞行速率在18km/h内, 该APT系统能够在300m~500m距离准确跟踪无人机, 跟踪精度在320μrad内。该方案能够保证激光能量传输过程的跟踪精度与可靠性。     

Adaptive offloading with MPTCP for unmanned aerial vehicle surveillance system

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are utilized in the surveillance and reconnaissance system of hazardous locations by utilizing the feature that they can freely move away from space constraints. Furthermore, the application scope of the UAVs expanded not only for simple image data collection but also for analysis of complex image data without human intervention. However, mobile UAV systems, such as drone, have limited computing resources and battery power which makes it a challenge to use these systems for long periods of time. In this paper, we propose an AOM, Adaptive Offloading with MPTCP (Multipath TCP), architecture for increasing drone operating time. We design not only the task offloading management module via the MPTCP to utilize heterogeneous network but also the response time prediction module for mission critical task offloading decision. Through the prototype drone implementation, we show the AOM reduces the task response time and increases drone operation time.     

Testing unmanned aerial vehicle airfoils

The output of the MHFS is the most sensitive and definitive indicator of the state of the boundary layer and the locations of the various critical aerodynamic flow points and, therefore, serves conveniently as a primary diagnostic tool for boundary-layer flow directed aerodynamic properties for both static and unsteady low-Re airfoils. Caution, however, must be executed to evaluate and minimize the effects of "long" cable length or capacitance deriving from the distant sensor location to the data acquisition system, as frequently encountered in transonic wind tunnel tests. This caution also applies to the lead resistance, maximum sensitivity, change in sensor resistance with temperature and the degradation of the sensor outputs.     

无人机激光跟踪与无线供能系统

为了解决无人机工作时间短、续航能力差的问题,采用激光无线供能的方式给无人机进行续航,提出并设计了一套基于跟踪、捕获、瞄准的激光无线能量供给系统,并进行了理论分析,同时在外场200m范围内进行了无人机激光无线供能实验。结果表明,该系统整体光电转换效率约为12%,跟踪精度优于500μrad。该研究为激光跟踪与无线供能技术用于小型航天飞行器提供了参考。     

无人机用MINS/光流组合导航系统

目的：减小因为惯导系统在无人机长航时飞行时的误差。方法：提出了一种用INS/光流/磁强计组合导航方案,基于扩展卡尔曼滤波,将INS与光流数据融合,估计无人机的速度和位置。当无人机静止或匀速运动时,将陀螺仪与加速计、磁强计的数据融合,估计无人机的姿态;当无人机加速或减速时,用陀螺仪估计无人机的姿态。结果：在不使用组合导航时,在大约50米的行驶路程中,就出现了近8米的累积误差,而使用组合算法后,所产生的误差不超过1米。结论：该方案有效的减少导航时的速度、位置和姿态的误差,提高导航精度。     

面向无人飞行器的模糊闭环控制系统研究

通过对无人飞行器的建模,针对无人飞行器自动定向和自动定高,以及速度在内的一些参数提出了改进控制结构和底层控制方法。针对自动定高、定位等水平面控制提出了串级双闭环控制结构,改进了控制的响应速度和调节精度。针对传统PID控制方法采用粒子群算法(PSO)对PID参数进行优化,与设计的模糊控制器进行对比无人飞行器在底层控制上的优劣。通过仿真对比发现,粒子群优化的PID(PSO-PID)控制效果明显强于普通PID算法,但由于无人飞行器数学模型的不确定性,弱于模糊控制器。仿真实验证明提出的方法具有快速的动态响应,并具有一定的鲁棒性。     

Overview of networking protocols for underwater wireless communications

Underwater wireless communications can enable many scientific, environmental, commercial, safety, and military applications. Wireless signal transmission is also crucial to remotely control instruments in ocean observatories and to enable coordination of swarms of autonomous underwater vehicles and robots, which will play the role of mobile nodes in future ocean observation networks by virtue of their flexibility and reconfigurability. To make underwater applications viable, efficient communication protocols among underwater devices, which are based on acoustic wireless technology for distances over one hundred meters, must be enabled because of the high attenuation and scattering that affect radio and optical waves, respectively. The unique characteristics of an underwater acoustic channel -- such as very limited and distance-dependent bandwidth, high propagation delays, and timevarying multipath and fading -- require new, efficient and reliable communication protocols to network multiple devices, either static or mobile, potentially over multiple hops. In this article, we provide an overview of recent medium access control, routing, transport, and crosslayer networking protocols.     

A three-dimensional two-hemisphere model for unmanned aerial vehicle multiple-input multiple-output channels

The application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has recently attracted considerable interest in various areas. A three-dimensional multiple-input multiple-output concentric two-hemisphere model is proposed to characterize the scattering environment around a vehicle in an urban UAV-to-vehicle communication scenario. Multipath components of the model consisted of line-of-sight and single-bounced components. This study focused on the key parameters that determine the scatterer distribution. A time-variant process was used to analyze the nonstationarity of the proposed model. Vital statistical properties, such as the space–time–frequency correlation function, Doppler power spectral density, level-crossing rate, average fade duration, and channel capacity, were derived and analyzed. The results indicated that with an increase in the maximum scatter radius, the time correlation and level-crossing rate decreased, the frequency correlation function had a faster downward trend, and average fade duration increased. In addition, with the increase of concentration parameter, the time correlation, space correlation, and level-crossing rate increased, average fade duration decreased, and Doppler power spectral density became flatter. The proposed model was compared with current geometry-based stochastic models (GBSMs) and showed good consistency. In addition, we verified the nonstationarity in the temporal and spatial domains of the proposed model. These conclusions can be used as references in the design of more reasonable communication systems.     

An energy efficient joint localization and synchronization solution for wireless sensor networks using unmanned aerial vehicle

Localization and synchronization are fundamental services for many applications in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), since it is often required to know the sensor nodes’ position and global time to relate a given event detection to a specific location and time. However, the localization and synchronization tasks are often performed after the sensor nodes’ deployment on the sensor field. Since manual configuration of sensor nodes is usually an impractical activity, it is necessary to rely on specific algorithms to solve both localization and clock synchronization problems of sensor nodes. With this in mind, in this work we propose a joint solution for the problem of 3D localization and time synchronization in WSNs using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). A UAV equipped with GPS flies over the sensor field broadcasting its geographical position. Therefore, sensor nodes are able to estimate their geographical position and global time without the need of equipping them with a GPS device. Through simulation experiments, we show that our proposed joint solution reduces time synchronization and localization errors as well as energy consumption when compared to solutions found in the literature.     

无人机航线规划系统的改进设计与实现

无人机航线规划是无人机任务规划技术中的关键。目前无人机航线规划技术存在响应速度缓慢、探测效果不佳、计算量较大等缺点。因此,对无人机航线规划系统进行改进设计,其硬件主要包括飞控核心板、存储模块、侦测导航模块等,根据性能将规划系统划分为6个功能模块。采用飞控核心板实时检测无人机状态信息,控制飞行路径。优化存储模块电路,对无人机飞行数据进行保存。利用侦测导航模块,为无人机提供准确的飞行航线导航信息,实现无人机航线的精准规划。设计无人机软件系统中的A/D采集驱动程序,使用C语言将规划路线写入航线规划系统,实现无人机自主飞行。实验结果表明,在遇到突发威胁与突然改变飞行任务的情况下,所设计的无人机航线规划系统能够及时规划出最佳飞行航线,响应速度快,拥有良好的避障性能,可实现无人机的自主飞行。     

无人机光电探测距离分析

针对低空消费级无人机这种低慢小目标,采用理论建模和对实验中飞行温度参数实测的方法,建立了目标红外辐射模型以及背景辐射参数模型,得到了与实测结果比较相符的红外探测距离。指出了对这类低红外辐射目标,对阳光反射和背景噪声必须精细估算才能得到比较准确的红外作用距离。另外,通过对分析结果的讨论,对未来无人机红外探测系统的设计提出了一些建议。     

Wireless power transferable from unmanned aerial vehicle

Telecommunication Systems - Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) could wirelessly transfer power to the devices on ground, thus recharging their batteries conveniently. Nevertheless, the efficiency of...     

激光供能无人机光伏接收器设计原则

小型电动无人机在情报获取、战场监视等方面发挥着重要作用,但续航时间短的问题严重限制其效能的发挥。为解决该问题,采用激光无线能量传输技术为飞行中的无人机进行充电,大幅提高其续航时间,增强作战效能。光伏接收器作为能量转换器件,是系统设计需要考虑的核心器件之一。以电动无人机激光供能系统结构原理为基础,针对小型电动无人机的特点,提出在设计光伏接收器时所应满足的具体性能要求,并对影响光伏接收器设计的五个主要因素:系统工作模式,光伏电池,接收器结构布局,散热系统和角度衰减系数进行分析,为光伏接收器的设计提供基础研究。     

利用高空无人机实现区域通信的系统设计方法

提出了利用高空无人机实现军用(或应急民用)无线数字移动通信系统的一种设计方法;描述了该通信系统的概念框架、机载通讯设备的组成方式和系统的工作原理;给出了无线链路的分析方法和计算公式,并列出了对上下行链路的计算结果。     

A Model-based dehazing scheme for unmanned aerial vehicle system using radiance boundary constraint and graph model

Unmanned aerial vehicle system (UAVs) imaging has become a challenging area of research due to the dynamic atmospheric environment. The images captured by UAVs are often deteriorated by factors such as clouds occlusion, poor atmospheric illumination, and limited capability of the imaging system. To tackle problems, this paper presents a novel visibility restoration scheme for UAVs images by considering the following two assumptions: (1) The actual scene radiance of a UAVs image is bounded. (2) Pixels sharing the same appearance must have the same transmission value in a local neighborhood. Inspired by above assumptions, an image boundary constraint utilizing the median filter has been imposed on the RGB channel for the rough estimation of transmission-map in aerial images. Furthermore, a graph-model based optimization technique has been used for the transmission-map refinement. The experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method in terms of metrics correspond to the human-visual-system (HVS).     

一种新型宽波束低剖面无人机载共形天线

为满足无人机载天线的宽波束低剖面使用需求,设计制作了一种新型宽波束低剖面无人机机载共形天线。该天线采用新型的L形单极子结构,实现了机载天线的低剖面要求;通过加载短路探针实现了阻抗匹配和垂直极化工作。设计制作的天线在水平面内准全向辐射,在垂直面内3 dB波束宽度达到197°。该天线替换了某型无人靶机上传统的单极子天线,经过实测通信距离得到了显著增加,且通信无盲区更可靠。该天线结构简单,波束宽,剖面低,特别在高垂直面高速无人机机载通信与测控中有广泛的应用前景。     

基于单片机的无人机真空速测量系统设计

为了测量无人机真空速,设计了基于单片机的无人机真空速测量系统。根据真空速和动压静压的关系式,采用分段线性插值的算法,测试了0-5 000 m高度的实际真空速值,得到的结果相对误差均不大于4%,能够满足系统精度要求。测试结果表明:该系统具有良好的稳定性,能实时准确地测量出真空速值。     

无人机数据采集系统在通信勘查中的应用要点

无人机数据采集系统可以通过新型工具、新型采集方式、新型数据改造现有的通信勘查生产模式,达到提升通信勘查工作效率、提高通信设计技术含量的目的,并起到累计通信行业数字资产的作用.     

无人飞行器自主降落区识别方法研究

为实现无人飞行器的自主降落,针对降落平坦区域包含特征较少、且分布没规律、形状各异等特点,本文设计了一种基于点云几何特征的快速点云分块和平坦区识别方法。该方法通过无人飞行器上的相机获取二维图像,并使用多视角立体三维重建技术获得场景三维点云,提出了以空间距离作为平滑项、以点在Z方向上的高度作为相似项的三维点云滤波算法对三维点云滤波,设计了基于点云法线和曲率的聚类分块对点云进行区域划分,然后改进RANSAC算法拟合点云平面,筛选出无人飞行器飞经场景的平坦区,并最终确定出无人飞行器的最佳降落区。最后,用本文所设计方法对戈壁人工沟壑、戈壁自然沟壑和小区花园等实拍场景图像进行降落区识别,实测结果显示识别出的区域地形起伏均小于0.125m@m~2,满足无人飞行器降落要求。