低共熔溶剂用于钴酸锂-铜混合粉末的选择性浸出研究

废弃钴酸锂电池中存在的钴、锂等金属具有较高的回收价值。针对工业上电池废料中集流体铜箔在酸液浸出剂中会部分溶解的问题，以聚乙二醇-柠檬酸低共熔溶剂为浸出剂，考察了选择性浸出钴酸锂和铜混合粉末的效果，研究了浸出时间、浸出温度、固液(固体材料与浸出剂)质量比、含水的三元低共熔溶剂中水含量等条件对浸出效果的影响。结果表明，在优化的浸出条件下，浸出温度为100℃、浸出时间为5 h、固液质量比为1:100，锂、钴、铜的浸出率分别为96%、71%、2%，说明该浸出剂对钴、锂具有较好的选择性，为含铜杂质的钴酸锂电池正极粉末的回收处理提供了技术参考。     

常压下钴白合金浸出工艺研究

采用常压氧化酸浸法从钴白合金中浸出钴和铜,研究考察了浸出时间、浸出温度、液固比和硫酸浓度对钴白合金中钴和铜浸出率的影响。得出酸浸的最优条件为：浸出时间6 h,浸出温度70℃,液固比9∶1,硫酸的浓度2.0 mol/L,此时钴的浸出率为88.7%,铜的浸出率为86.4%。     

选择性还原氨浸从高硅低品位铜钴矿中提取铜、钴 的工艺及其浸出动力学

研究了非洲高硅低品位铜钴矿氨浸体系下的浸出工艺与动力学。首先采用控制变量法,通过单因素实验,系统研究了浸出剂浓度、添加剂用量、反应温度、反应时间及液固比对铜钴浸出率的影响,其次通过X射线衍射(XRD)、电感耦合等离子体(ICP)和扫描电镜-能谱(SEM-EDS)对高硅低品位铜钴矿和浸出渣的物相及化学成分进行了分析对比。最后,对高硅低品位铜钴矿氨浸提取铜的动力学模型进行分析。结果表明,用硫酸铵作为浸取剂,在硫酸铵浓度为300 g/L、还原剂用量为0.7 g、浸出温度为353 K、反应时间为240 min、液固比为6:1的工艺条件下,铜的浸出率可达97.29%,钴的浸出率可达95.18%。高硅低品位铜钴矿氨浸提取铜的活化能、硫酸铵浓度的反应级数及粒度的反应级数分别为76.06 kJ/mol, 1.50和0.25,表明其应遵循界面化学反应控制,并建立了相应的动力学方程。     

非洲某氧化铜钴矿高效浸出钴铜的工艺研究

针对非洲某氧化铜钴矿还原浸出工艺,研究了矿样粒度、单还原剂和双还原剂、硫酸浓度、浸出时间、浸出温度、液固比等因素对钴铜浸出率的影响。结果表明:双还原剂优于单还原剂;最佳工艺条件为:球磨矿样粒度120目,加入浓硫酸使其质量浓度为0.15 g/L;按照先后顺序加入自来水体积8%的双氧水+矿样质量10%的亚硫酸钠,液固比为5∶1,浸出温度70℃,浸出时间30 min。钴、铜浸出率分别为99.01%和98.44%,浸出渣中w(Co)为0.12%、w(Cu)为0.052%。该最佳工艺条件可适用于非洲w(Co)为0.62%～8.88%的复杂品位氧化铜钴矿,尤其是低品位氧化铜钴矿处理。     

氧化亚铁硫杆菌浸出钴白合金

用氧化亚铁硫杆菌(A.f菌)浸出难破碎的钴白合金,研究结果表明,A.f菌最适生长pH值为2.0,最佳生长温度为30℃. 对9K培养基培养的A.f菌进行了3种处理方式实验：(1)直接接种：合金中钴浸出完成需6 d,铜8 d;(2)从菌液中离心收集：合金中钴浸出完成需3 d,铜需7 d;(3)经适应性培养：钴浸出完成需2 d,铜需5 d. 浸出过程中pH值先增大后逐渐降低,电极电位随铜的浸出而增大. 经适应性培养的A.f菌浸出白合金,浸渣成分为极少量的黄氨铁矾,钴和铜的浸出率分别达99.5%和99.0%. A.f菌浸出钴白合金中铜的作用机理为间接作用.     

高硫铜钴精矿焙烧-酸浸试验

针对某高硫铜钴精矿,采用硫酸化焙烧-浸出工艺提取铜钴。结果表明:在600℃左右焙烧1.0 h,焙砂产率和脱硫率分别为110.6%、44.8%,铜钴浸出率分别为94%、84.7%,酸浸渣铜、钴质量分数分别为2.02%、2.59%;采用加水混矿方式添加Na_2SO_4,钴浸出率提高约4%,酸浸渣含钴从2.59%降至1.66%,但铜的浸出率从约94%降低至约88%,酸浸渣含铜从2.02%提高至3.54%;对高硫铜钴精矿焙砂采用高酸浸出(浸出开始酸质量浓度大于100 g/L),可大幅提高铜钴浸出率。     

生物浸出低品位镍铜硫化矿中的镍、铜、钴

报道了硫杆菌在3种不同方式下浸出低品位镍铜硫化矿的实验结果. 采用通气气搅浸出,在15%矿浆浓度下,浸出20 d后,镍、铜、钴浸出率可分别达到95.4%, 48.6%和82.6%;采用通气搅拌浸出,在25%的矿浆浓度下,浸出14 d后,镍、铜、钴浸出率分别为80.2%, 45.2%和78.4%. 采用柱式渗滤浸出,在液固比为40:1情况下,浸出49 d后,镍、铜、钴浸出率分别为48.5%, 37.5%和33.6%.     

氯化铁浸出废金属回收海绵铜的工艺研究

采用氯化铁选择性浸出工艺对废金属进行综合利用,制备氯化铁及海绵铜。主要考察了废金属浸出、海绵铜洗涤工艺的可行性,并确定浸出工艺的最佳条件。结果表明:在搅拌速度150 r/min、氯化铁溶液质量分数29.91%、浸出剂量为理论量105%、反应温度60℃、反应时间1.0 h的条件下,铁浸出率为94.86%,铜浸出率为3.57%。浸出渣经盐酸溶液洗涤,能有效提高海绵铜的品质。     

氯化钠-氧气浸取镍钴铜硫化精矿-I.镍和钴的浸取

论述氯化钠溶液中氧气浸出浮选镍铜钴硫化精矿的过程，讨论了镍和钴的浸出行为和浸出动力学．实验证实，镍和钴的浸出速率及最终浸出率主要取决于浸取溶液中铜离子浓度和氧分压；过高的反应温度不利于镍和钴的浸出；溶液ｐＨ值基本不影响浸出．镍和钴的浸出速率受浸取液中铜离子扩散及一价铜离子与氧的化学反应混合控制．     

冶炼废渣中铜、锌浸出的研究

主要研究了冶炼废渣中铜、锌的浸出,通过对废渣成分的分析选择了氨性浸出,首先通过四因素三水平的正交试验得到了氨性浸出的优化条件:石灰用量5%,碳酸氢铵用量30%,固液质量比为1:4,浸出时间为36 h,铜、锌的浸出率分别为58.6%和42.6%,由正交试验可以看出碳酸氢铵用量为显著因素.然后考察了石灰用量、碳酸氢铵用量、固液比、浸出时间以及氧化剂5个因素对铜锌浸出的影响,优化了氨性浸出的条件,在石灰用量5%,碳酸氢铵用量30%,固液质量比1:4,浸出时间36 h,氧化剂(次氯酸钠)用量6%的条件下铜、锌的浸出率分别为76.4%和63.4%.对同一矿样多次浸出铜、锌浸出率分别达到90.1%和84.1%.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。