一种可同时测量发射率及温度的被动式测温系统

介绍了一种实用化实时测温系统.该系统采用了PIN硅光电二极管作光接收器件,由光学接收系统、信号放大与处理系统及显示系统三部分组成.从系统的相对测温灵敏度及探测器的温度分辨率与波长间的关系出发,结合大气对红外辐射的透射特性,确定了系统的工作波长;从系统的抗反射辐射能力出发,并结合探测器的最小可探测光功率要求,确定了系统的波长带宽.从辐射能P1、P2的测量不确定度出发,讨论了待测目标的发射率及温度的测量精度.结果表明,当λ=0.80 μm、△λ=20 nm时,在测温范围600～2 500℃内,系统的测温不确定度优于0.3%,满足设计要求.     

一种利用激光及热电器件的实时测温系统的测温精度

基于Kirchhoff定律，利用半导体激光器及钽酸锂热释电探测器设计了一种实用化的实时测温系统。从反射辐射对该测温系统测温精度的影响出发，讨论了水冷遮蔽板的相对尺寸(即H/R之值)与测温不确定度的关系，并确定了H/R之值；从波长对该测温系统测温精度的影响出发，并结合系统的测温灵敏度、探测器的温度分辨率及大气的透射窗口和温度的标准差等的研究结果，确定了系统的工作波长；总结了影响该实时测温系统测温不确定度的5种原因，结合光路中的外界干扰对该测温系统测温精度的影响，对该测温系统的测温精度及系统的测温不确定度进行了简要的分析。实验表明，在400-1200℃测温范围内，系统的测温不确定度优于0．3％。     

中心波长对基于拉曼散射分布式光纤测温系统影响分析

根据基于拉曼散射分布式光纤测温系统原理,详细分析了激光器中心波长与测量点的关系及其对分布式光纤测温系统灵敏度、稳定性等性能的影响,探讨了测温系统中心波长的优化选择.引入了受激拉曼散射阈值并对激光器光功率进行估算,纠正了传统上认为激光器光功率越大越好的认识,为设计分布式光纤测温系统和选择激光器光源时提供参考.     

辐射温度计测量误差的分析

一、概述辐射温度计测温属于非接触式测温,它可以测量远距离、高速运动、带电目标的温度。它具有反映速度快、灵敏度和分辨率高、测温范围宽等特点,因此得到广泛应用。但因各种原因,它也存在测量误差。本文将分析辐射温度计产生测量误差的原因及减少其误差的方法。二、辐射温度计测温的基本原理辐射温度计测温的基本依据是普朗克定律。普朗克从理论上给出了黑体辐射通量密度W_0(λ·T)与波长λ、绝对温度T的关系:     

微小光学相移的差分测量

本文从理论上推导出差分探测光学相移时探测器输出信号与光学相移的关系式。对差分探测方法的最优化条件进行了讨论，并分析了此方法的探测灵敏度。从实验前直接探测和差分探测 结果，证实差分探测有更高的探测灵敏度。     

红外光纤双波段法对桥丝温度的测量

针对桥丝辐射温度检测中存在被测目标体积小,红外辐射量小,远距离传输损耗大等难点技术问题,设计了一种双波长光纤温度测量系统.根据电火工品热辐射的原理,得出双波长测温教学模型,采取有效的光学光纤耦合和提高系统信噪比的措施,采用InSb(响应波长范围为0.8 ～3 μm)和HgCdTe(响应波长范围为3～5 μm)双波段探测...     

多谱段温度测量方法

提出了基于谱段的温度测量方法———多谱段温度测量方法。与基于波长的温度测量方法相比 ,这种辐射测温方法可以采用容易实现的光学滤色技术和简单的数学处理手段     

多模光纤温度传感器系统

研制了钴盐溶液热色传感介质光学双波长差分吸收多模光纤温度传感器系统。自制了光纤耦合器件,采用了锁相电路,利用微机直接进行数字锁相探测,信号相除运算和温度校正。该系统实时显示温度,测温范围30℃—50℃,准确度±0.15℃,分辨率0.02℃,在40℃时6小时稳定性±0.05℃,12小时稳定性±0.18℃。主要用于抗电磁干扰的微波辐射治疗和谷物加热干燥等测温应用。     

减色辐射测温的研究

利用三个辐射亮度，彼此相减后再求比的比值与温度的关系测温。该测温方法具有高的测温灵敏度、测温精度和抗干扰能力。     

空间辐射致冷的原理和应用

预警卫星、侦察卫星、反导卫星、资源探测卫星、气象卫星都需要高灵敏的长波红外探测器、多光谱扫描器、红外辐射计、天体测量探测器等专用仪器。这些光电探测器通常都必须在低温下工作,以提高灵敏度、缩短响应时间、拉宽响应波长范围、降低本底噪声。例如,工作波长为8～14微米的锗掺汞探测器要在30K 左右的低温下工作,汞镉碲探测器要冷却到80～100K。     

静止卫星辐射致冷器温度测量和控制

对静止轨道上辐射致冷器第二级温度测量和控制,从系统设计及应用结果,分别做了介绍,着重对温度测量,两点温控和致冷量做了探讨,对于保证航天遥感仪器上红外传感器低温稳定工作有重要意义。     

Fourier transform infrared measurement of solid-, liquid-, and gas-phase samples with a single photoacoustic cell

A photoacoustic detector based on the optical cantilever microphone has been built. The detector is capable of measuring solid-, liquid-, and gas-phase samples. Photoacoustic Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) measurement with three samples in different phases was demonstrated. Example samples were polyethene, sunflower oil, and methane. The sensitivity of the cell was compared to a commercial photoacoustic FT-IR detector. With the standard carbon black sample the cantilever detector gave approximately five times higher signal-to-noise ratio than the reference detector. The sensitivity with methane was also compared to the DTGS detector of the FT-IR instrument corresponding to an absorption path of 6.3 cm. Simulation of the photoacoustic signal showed that a compromise has to be made in the cell design between sensitivity for solid- and gas-phase samples but it is possible to highly enhance the sensitivity for all types of samples by reducing cantilever dimensions.     

中波红外多光谱成像技术研究

多光谱成像技术结合成像和光谱测量技术,同时探测目标的光谱和几何特征,在目标识别和抑制背景杂波方面具有技术优势。研制了一套工作于中波红外波段的四通道多光谱成像系统。利用窄带滤光片和面阵探测器技术,构建了基于时序扫描的凝视成像型红外多光谱成像系统。根据红外探测器性能参数,对各个光谱通道的温度灵敏度进行了估算。在系统设计时通过合理地滤光片布局,尽量延长各个光谱通道的信号积分时间,以提高各个光谱通道温度灵敏度。利用研制的中波多光谱成像系统,对室外进行了成像,并对各个通道的成像结果进行了比较分析。     

荧光光纤传感器测量系统实现

光纤是20世纪的重要发明之一，它与激光器、半导体探测器等一起构成了新的光学技术。本文阐述了作为现代测量技术中利用荧光光纤传感器进行测量的技术，并着重介绍了荧光光纤传感器测量系统的结构、功能及实际的应用。     

半光斑成像式多功能激光瞄准测头的研究

运用半光斑成像原理设计了一种用于三坐标测量机的多功能激光瞄准测头。详细介绍了测头的光学系统工作原理和设计思路,采用自适应控制方法实时调节激光光强使其可以适应不同光学特性表面的瞄准测量,并进行了多功能测头的重复性瞄准测量、灵敏度测量、倾角跟踪实验。实验结果表明,该测头重复性瞄准测量不确定度优于1 μm,测量灵敏度可达30 mV/μm,激光跟踪瞄准被测曲面倾角可达25°,能满足三坐标测量机的使用要求。该测头具有检测速度快、自动化程度高、瞄准精度高的特点,结合三坐标测量机或者其它测长仪器,能够实现对自由曲面进行快速精确瞄准及轮廓图像瞄准测量,具有广泛的应用前景和实用价值。     

红外空芯光纤辐射温度计的研制及应用

为了对冲击发电机的轴套温度进行监测,设计并研制了一种新型的红外光纤辐射温度计.温度计主要由红外空芯玻璃光纤、红外探测器、放大电路及80C552单片机组成.在分析各部分实现功能的基础上,重点研究了环境温度变化对探测器的影响,并实现了数学建模.温度计的工作波长是8~14μm,测量温度范围是60~400℃,测试环境温度范围是25~60℃.利用可精确控温的实物标定炉和环境模拟箱对温度计进行了标定,测量误差小于2%.经过几个月的在线监测,取得了较好的测量结果.     

Detection of benzene and other gases with an open-path, static Fourier-transform UV spectrometer

Releases of benzene and other gases have been detected and quantified using a novel optical, open-path instrument based on a deuterium light source and a static Fourier-transform spectrometer. The spectrometer uses Wollaston prisms to form an interferogram in the spatial domain that is recorded by use of a detector array. The instrument is designed to operate in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum between 200 and 270 nm, which coincides with strong absorption features in the spectra of many gases of environmental and health interest. Using the instrument with a 5-s measurement period provides a path-integrated concentration sensitivity to benzene of 2 parts in 10(6) times meter, which corresponds to a 20-parts in 10(9) detection limit over a typical path length of 100 m.     

Open air calibration with temperature compensation of a luminescence quenching-based oxygen sensor for portable instrumentation

This report addresses the task of calibrating an optical sensor for oxygen determination. Detailed analyses of the functional dependences from our measurement system results have been carried out with the additional aim of temperature compensation. As a result, an empirical calibration function has been successfully derived for the luminescent quenching-based oxygen sensor included in a self-designed portable instrument. This function also compensates for the temperature influence on the quenching luminescence process in the range from 0 to 45 degrees C. Moreover, the calibration procedure is extremely simple because only a single standard is needed. In fact, the oxygen measurement system can be calibrated with exposure to an open air atmosphere, and therefore, neither laboratory standards nor trained personnel are required. The method has been applied to a set of 11 units of the mentioned sensor (up to 24% oxygen concentration) giving an overall deviation between our calibrated system results and the laboratory standards of 0.3% oxygen concentration (calculated with 95% confidence level). The proposed calibration function has shown itself to be applicable for different sensing film thicknesses and luminophore concentrations using the same fittings parameter. Additionally, this function has been successfully applied to other oxygen dyes. Good agreement has also been found when the performance of the instrument was compared to a commercially available portable instrument based on an electrochemical sensor. We believe that this work could be an interesting finding for spreading the use of optical sensors for atmospheric oxygen determination in commercial measurement equipment for different purposes in confined working atmospheres, such as mines, undergrounds, warehouses, vehicles, and ships.     

光弹调制式反射差分光谱仪的理论分析

反射差分光谱仪是一种测量灵敏度和精度较高的研究表面／界面的新型分析仪器,但微弱的反射差分信号易受到各种噪声的干扰．作者利用Jones表示法,对光弹调制式反射差分光谱仪构建了包含器件自身缺陷和安装误差的数学模型,通过确立误差源与测量结果的联系,分析出各误差源对测量结果的影响,特别是起偏器、光弹调制器和样品的安装误差以及位相调制误差,这些系统误差经过标定可得到补偿．     

A Mid-IR Pyrometer Calibrated with High-Temperature Fixed Points for Improved Scale Realization to 2,500°C

Glass surface temperature can be measured using a radiation thermometer operating at a mid-IR wavelength, typically the 3–5 μm band, where the glass is opaque. For optical fiber preforms, the temperature measurement requirement may exceed 2,200°C. Scale realization at national measurement institutes at these temperatures is usually carried out at short wavelengths, typically less than 1 μm. The mismatch in wavelength can lead to significant uncertainties when calibrating a radiation thermometer working at 3–5 μm. To overcome this, a narrow band 3.95 μm radiation thermometer has been built that is designed to be used from 1,000 to 2,500°C. It is calibrated by measurement of high-temperature metal–carbon eutectic fixed-points. The instrument is based on silicon lenses, with a liquid nitrogen (LN₂)-cooled InSb detector, and narrow-band interference filter. An anti-reflection coated objective lens/aperture stop focuses onto a field stop giving a 1 mm target, then a collimating lens, and glare stop. All parts visible to the detector, other than the target area, are either at LN₂ temperature or are part of a temperature-stabilized housing. A relay-operated shutter that blocks the field stop is used to subtract the background. The size-of-source effect of the instrument has been measured. Gold-point measurements have been made to assess the stability. The device has been calibrated using high-temperature fixed points. A three-parameter fit has been applied and the resultant scale compared to an ITS-90 realization.