电力系统中发电机和负荷参数同时辨识的可行性研究

以往电力系统参数辨识都是基于节点数据逐个进行,而且发电机参数和负荷参数也都是分开辨识。近年来广域测量系统（WAMS）逐步得到推广应用,为广域电力系统参数辨识提供了可能性。针对广域电力系统建模的需求,提出了对发电机和负荷的参数进行整体同时辨识的思路。根据参数轨迹灵敏度的相位关系分析发电机和负荷参数同时辨识的可辨识性。根据参数轨迹灵敏度的幅值大小确定参数辨识的难易程度,并由此确定重点辨识参数。利用BPA软件以及蚁群算法优化辨识参数,在测试系统不同故障情况下进行了参数辨识和对比,验证了发电机和负荷同时辨识的可行性。     

Contributions of individual generators to loads and flows

Because of the introduction of competition in the electricity supply industry, it has become much more important to be able to determine which generators are supplying a particular load, how much use each generator is making of a transmission line and what is each generator's contribution to the system losses. This paper describes a technique for answering these questions which is not limited to incremental changes and which is applicable to both active and reactive power. Starting from a power flow solution, the technique first identifies the busses which are reached by power produced by each generator. Then it determines the sets of buses supplied by the same generators. Using proportionality assumption, it is then possible to calculate the contribution of each generator to the loads and flows. The applicability of the proposed technique is demonstrated using a 30-bus example     

分布式电源并网动态无功优化调度的研究

根据分布式电源并网的控制特性,将分布式电源设计为电压控制型和无功补偿型,考虑其与地区电网的电压无功控制手段相结合,参与地区电网动态无功优化调度。建立以降低地区电网网损、抑制电压波动为综合目标的地区电网模糊动态无功优化调度模型。在该模型中,通过构造模糊评价函数,将目标函数转化为对优化结果的满意度,并利用自适应权重法将综合目标进行归一化处理。最后采用改进遗传算法有效求解含分布式电源的地区电网动态无功优化调度策略。算例表明,提出的模型和方法是合理的,具有一定参考价值。     

一种新的配电网三相潮流算法

提出一种用于不平衡辐射状配电网的三相潮流计算方法。根据配电网的辐射状结构特点,将分支线作为配网结构的基本单元,把馈线分支首节点的电压、电流表示为分支末节点电压、电流的函数．重新建立潮流方程,使方程的数目与分支线数目成正比,大幅度减少方程式和变量的数目。并且根据配电网的特点近似简化雅可比矩阵．以实现解耦。建立了单相系统模型和三相系统模型,给出了潮流的解耦算法。相对于传统计算方法未知数正比于母线数目,可以大幅度减少方程数,缩短计算时间,特别适用于大规模配电系统。     

IPP selection based on contingency analysis and optimal power flow

Recently the deregulation of the electric power industry has progressed worldwide. In Japan the electric power industry law was revised to achieve a reduced electricity price in 1995, and competition in the power generation market was started in Japan. Moreover, the retail wheeling to large customers was launched in March 2000. Under this situation, IPP selectors (electric power utilities) have to think about efficient connection to existing systems by which they have select IPPs considering not only the cost but also the future demand. Therefore, in order to achieve efficient connection of IPPs to the existing systems some selection guidelines are needed. What IPP selectors want to know is “where” and “how much” in the existing system they want to have IPPs. It is thought that knowing good connecting point(s) and the appropriate capacity of IPPs becomes one of the IPP selection guidelines. In this paper, we propose a method by which we can determine the connecting point(s) and the appropriate capacity of IPPs to plan the appropriate electric power system for the future. The proposed method in which IPP selectors can select from both sides of reliability and economy is verified using simulations. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 140(3): 16–25, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10037     

带恒功率负载的机载直流电源系统稳定性分析

恒功率负载特性是多电飞机电源系统的典型特性之一,将飞机的电源系统和恒功率负载结合,为了得到带恒功率负载的机载电源系统的稳定性条件,以机载直流稳压电源系统为研究对象,将其简化为相应的等效电路,建立恒功率特性载荷模型,通过全系统的理论分析、数学建模,依据劳斯判据,得到对于给定的恒功率负载的机载直流电源系统,通过增大电机补偿电容可以提高其稳定性的结论。并且通过仿真以及实验对得到的稳定性条件进行验证。结果可用于电路的设计以及优化。     

综合潮流技术在配电网综合自动化中的应用

针对配电网的实际情况和具体要求 ,提出了一种综合潮流计算方法 ,该方法充分考虑了配电网的实际情况 ,在算法上确保计算的收敛性 ,并应用到实际的配电网高级应用软件的设计中 ,取得了良好的效果     

Use of the homotopy method for excitation control of generators for multimachine power system

It is important to consider the stabilization problem for a large-scale power system. This paper uses a dynamic compensator based on observer theory such that desired poles are placed for a closed-loop multimachine power system. Since the system dimension is large, it is difficult to apply a conventional dynamic compensator method to an excitation control problem for a multimachine power system. The homotopy method is introduced to solve fundamental nonlinear equations which are required for observer synthesis. To show the effectiveness of the proposed method an excitation control of generators for a multimachine power system is considered. From the simulation result, it is shown that the present method is useful in stabilizing a multimachine power system.     

供电网络谐波潮流计算

介绍一种含有多个不同谐波源地区供电系统的谐波潮流计算的实用方法，针对天水地区供电网主要谐波源进行了测量，统计分析了天水地区电网各谐波源的特点及谐波含量，针对地区供电网的特点确定供电网元件的数学模型，利用序分量法进行供电网络谐波潮流的计算，最终给出系统中电压，电流的不平衡率及各节点的谐波电压畸变率和各支路通过的谐波电流的含有率，对计算结果和测量结果进行比较，表明该方法对了解含有多个不同谐波源地区的供电系统谐波分布是一种行之有效的方法。     

基于电网计算数据库与SCADA的潮流文件实时生成系统

该数据库是以二维自由表为基本存放数据的形式,将电力系统的设备参数按设备类型存入表中,并在PDSB的基础上实现与SCADA数据交换的功能。开发了实时生成潮流文件的系统,该系统基于PDSB的数据,结合SCADA实时得到母线负荷、发电、实际运行的网络结构等数据,快速准确地生成某种格式的潮流文件,作为系统稳定分析的源文件。     

Probabilistic power flow with non-conforming electric loads

A comprehensive model for probabilistic power flow is proposed for the purpose of estimating the statistics of bus voltage magnitudes and circuit currents, given the statistics of the loads. The proposed method is based on the quadratized power flow model and a non-conforming electric load model. The statistics of the electric load are accurately represented with the statistics of a few independent random variables and the statistics of bus voltage magnitudes and circuit current flows are computed from the linearized model of bus voltage and circuit current flow with respect to these independent load random variables. The method is validated via Monte Carlo simulations in which the problem is fully solved for each random sample, thus incorporating non-linearities resulting from the AC power flow equations. Both the linearization solution and the Monte Carlo approach are based on the Single Phase Quadratic Power Flow (SPQPF) model of the power system. The proposed method has been implemented and applied to the IEEE 24-bus Reliability Test System (RTS). The results are presented in the paper.     

配电系统电子电力变压器不对称负载仿真

配电系统中经常会出现不对称负载运行的情况，研究不对称负载情况下电子电力变压器的特性和控制策略，对于电子电力变压器在配电系统中应用有重要意义.通过分析原方系统和副方负载的要求，提出了一种简单而有效的控制方案：其输入级在d-q轴系中采用直流电压外环和交流电流内环的双环解耦控制，其输出级采用基于输出电压瞬时值反馈的双环控制.在Matlab/Simulink环境下建立了仿真模型，通过对空载、满载、单相负载、不平衡线负载和非线性负载等条件下的仿真表明，针对三相四线配电系统电子电力变压器所设计的控制方案，无论是在对称负载还是不对称负载条件下，电子电力变压器都能实现原方系统输入电流正弦和负荷侧供电电压恒定，具有良好的负载特性。     

基于自适应加权预测 - 校正内点法的含VSC - HVDC电力系统最优潮流

加权预测-校正内点法(WPC-IPM)求解含电压源型高压直流输电(VSC-HVDC)的电力系统最优潮流时,迭代中后期校正环节加权会减慢收敛速度。提出一种自适应加权预测-校正内点法(AWPC-IPM),该方法以对偶间隙的变化趋势作为加权与否的判据,对偶间隙增大时加权,以抑制校正方向错误导致的收敛性变差,对偶间隙减小时不加权,以加快收敛。算例仿真结果表明,所提方法既有效抑制了校正方向错误对预测-校正内点法(PC-IPM)的影响,又加快了迭代后期的收敛速度。     

含风电场的电力系统最优潮流算法综述

风机出力的随机性,计算含风电的最优潮流算法应能够实时反应对系统潮流影响;计算速度快、收敛性更好、鲁棒性更强,精度高,算法要充分利用分布式处理和并行计算等现代计算机技术是改善算法性能提高效率的有效手段。     

Terminal voltage and power factor control of induction generators for wind power generation system

This paper deals with two types of control method for induction generators used in wind power generating stations. One is aimed at maintaining the voltage of the station node and the other is aimed at maintaining a constant power factor through the branch connecting to the station. Both can be in the controllable area by adjusting the generator reactive power with compensating capacitors. First, theoretical equations for the terminal voltage and power factor of an induction generator are derived, and then the compensating capacitance corresponding to the wind velocity variation is determined quantitatively. By using the proposed control method, it is shown to be possible to maintain the terminal voltage and operating power factor of a wind power generation system at the target values, even when abrupt deviations are caused by wind power disturbances. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 163(3): 19– 26, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20298     

Analysis of a zero-power flow phenomenon in an interconnecting power system

Today's power systems are characterized in that more power demand is concentrated in urban areas, increasingly centralized power facilities are becoming larger in size and located in more remote places, and power condensers tend to be upgraded to improve the power factor. These movements each reduce the stability power limit, thereby permitting the effect of a power failure to spread much farther. In such an interconnecting power system, when power is transmitted from a power source (a small system) in a remote place to a large city (a large system) with great power demand, it is expected that a zero-power flow phenomenon will occur where power transmission is impossible when power flow in the interconnecting power system is zero depending on a combination of the size of branch load and its power factor. In future power systems that will extend farther, have a larger capacity, and be more capacitive, such a phenomenon would be more iable to take place. In this paper, a new formula to analyze a zero-power flow phenomenon is derived, and using the formula, areas in which a zero-power flow phenomenon takes place also are discussed. With an experimental system simulating a practical 500-kV power system, the occurrence of a zero-power flow phenomenon could be verified.     

含线间潮流控制器的电力系统联合潮流计算

线间潮流控制器(IPFC)能实现线路间的潮流转移和分配,可用于解决电力系统中潮流不均引起的一系列问题,具有较大的应用潜力和价值。为评估IPFC工程应用价值,需实现含IPFC的大系统潮流计算,但目前我国多用于电网规划设计的大型电力系统分析软件中没有开发IPFC模型。为解决上述问题,提出了一种基于Matlab与PSD-BPA的含IPFC电力系统的联合潮流计算方法。首先推导了IPFC功率注入模型的数学表达式,并设计了Matlab与BPA联合潮流计算的计算框架,由Matlab进行IPFC求解计算,BPA进行大电网潮流计算,通过数据交换接口完成两种仿真软件的交互与交替求解。进一步对IPFC功率注入模型进行改进,提出了一种基于PI控制器的变步长潮流迭代策略提高了计算方法的收敛性。以南通西北片电网为例,对提出方法进行了仿真验证,计算结果表明了提出方法的正确性和有效性。     

A study of autonomous reactive power control method for distributed power generators to maintain power quality of the grid

Distributed power generators, such as cogenerators and renewable energy systems, have continued to advance and their penetration capacity is increasing. However, they may cause power quality problems in voltage regulation because of the reverse power flow. At present, when the distribution line voltage exceeds the limit value, distributed generators control reactive power to reduce the voltage, and if the reactive power output is not enough, they reduce the active power output. Therefore, an imbalance of active power output between distributed generators may occur because the voltage of generators varies by location and generators at lower voltage locations do not control the reactive power. A power control method for distributed generators needs to be established to solve these problems. In this study, an autonomous reactive power control method of sharing reactive power between distributed generators is proposed. The availability of this method is discussed experimentally and its applicability area is considered analytically by use of a model distribution system. © 2006 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Forecasting electric power generation in a photovoltaic power system for an energy network

Recently, there has been an increase in concern about the global environment. Interest is growing in developing an energy network by which new energy systems such as photovoltaic and fuel cells generate power locally and electrical power and heat are controlled with a communication network. We developed the power generation forecast method for photovoltaic power systems in an energy network. The method makes use of weather information and regression analysis. We carried out forecasting power output of the photovoltaic power system installed in Expo 2005, Aichi Japan. As a result of comparing measurements with prediction values, the average prediction error per day was about 26% of the measured power. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 167(4): 16–23, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20755     

电力系统潮流计算中的频率计算

在电力系统潮流计算之前,先进行频率计算.为提高频率和潮流计算精度,通过调整发电机和负荷,比较真实地模拟了实际电力系统发生扰动后的动态过程,提出频率计算流程;并以Ⅰ型考题为例进行调频计算,计算结果与给定结果一致,验证了该计算方法的正确性.