Enhancing Transport Layer Capability in HAPS–Satellite Integrated Architecture

The use of HAPS/UAV to enhance telecommunication capabilities has been proposed as an effective solution to support hot spot communications in limited areas. To ensure communication capabilities even in case of emergency (earthquake, power blackout, chemical/nuclear disaster, terrorist attack), when terrestrial fixed and mobile infrastructures are damaged or become unavailable, the access to satellites represents a reliable solution with worldwide coverage, even though it may suffer from shadowing impairment, especially in an urban environment. In this paper we approach an innovative and more challenging architecture foreseeing HAPS/UAV connected to the satellite in order to enlarge coverage and to allow interconnection with very remote locations. In this scenario, we have analysed TCP-based applications proposing some innovative techniques, both at protocol and at architectural level, to improve performance. In particular, we propose the use of a PEP technique, namely splitting, to speed up window growth in spite of high latency, combined with TCP Westwood as a very efficient algorithm particularly suitable and well performing over satellite links.Cesare Roseti graduated cum laude in 2003 in Electronic Engineering at University of Rome “Tor Vergata”. In 2003 and 2004, he was a visiting student at Computer Science Department of University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Since 2004 he is a PhD student at the Electronic Engineering Department and his research interests include satellites communications and transport protocols in heterogeneous (wired/wireless) systems.Claudio Enrico Palazzi studied computer science at University of Bologna, Campus of Cesena. He has been a student representative in several bodies of University of Bologna and, in particular, from 2000 to 2001 he was part of the Board of Governors. In 2001, he received the Sigillum Magnum of Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna. He graduated cum laude in 2002 with a thesis on transport protocols in wireless environments. In 2003, he was the first student enrolled in the Interlink joint PhD program in computer science by which he is currently a PhD student in Computer Science at both University of Bologna and University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). His research interests include protocol design, implementation and performance analysis for wired/wireless networks.Michele Luglio received the Laurea degree in electronic engineering from the University of Rome “Tor Vergata”. He received the PhD degree in telecommunications in 1994. From August to December 1992 he worked as visiting staff engineering at Microwave Technology and Systems Division of Comsat Laboratories (Clarksburg, Maryland, USA). He received the Young Scientist Award from ISSSE’95. Since October 1995, he is research and teaching assistant at University of Rome “Tor Vergata” where he works on designing satellite systems for multimedia services both mobile and fixed, in the frame of projects funded by EC, ESA and ASI. He taught signal theory and collaborated in teaching digital signal processing and elements of telecommunications. In 2001 and 2002 he was visiting professor at the Computer Science Department of University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) to teach Satellite Networks class. Now he teaches satellite telecommunications and signals and transmission. He is a member of IEEE.Mario Gerla received a graduate degree in engineering from the Politecnico di Milano in 1966, and the MS and PhD degrees in engineering from UCLA in 1970 and 1973, respectively. After working for Network Analysis Corporation from 1973 to 1976, he joined the Faculty of the Computer Science Department at UCLA where he is now professor. His research interests cover the performance evaluation, design and control of distributed computer communication systems; high-speed computer networks; wireless LANs; and ad hoc wireless networks. He has worked on the design, implementation and testing of various wireless ad hoc network protocols (channel access, clustering, routing and transport) within the DARPA WAMIS, GloMo projects. Currently, he is leading the ONR MINUTEMAN project at UCLA, and is designing a robust, scalable wireless ad hoc network architecture for unmanned intelligent agents in defense and homeland security scenarios. He is also conducting research on QoS routing, multicasting protocols and TCP transport for the Next-Generation Internet (see www.cs.ucla.edu/NRL for recent publications). He became IEEE Fellow in 2002.M. Yahya “Medy” Sanadidi was born in Damanhour, Egypt. He received his high school diploma from College Saint Marc, and his BSc in electrical engineering (computer and automatic control section) from the University of Alexandria, Egypt. Dr. Sanadidi received his PhD in computer science from UCLA in 1982. He is currently a research professor at the UCLA Computer Science Department. As co-principal investigator on NSF-sponsored research, he is leading research in modeling and evaluation of high-performance Internet protocols. He teaches undergraduate and graduate courses at UCLA on queuing systems and computer networks. Dr. Sanadidi was a manager and senior consulting engineer at Teradata/AT&T/NCR from 1991 to 1999 and led several groups responsible for performance modeling and analysis, operating systems, and parallel query optimization. From 1984 to 1991, he held the position of computer scientist at Citicorp, where he pursued R&D projects in wireless metropolitan area data communications and other networking technologies. In particular, between 1984 and 1987, he lead the design and prototyping of a wireless MAN for home banking and credit card verification applications. From 1981 to 1983, Dr. Sanadidi was an assistant professor at the Computer Science Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland. There, he taught performance modeling, computer architecture and operating systems, and was principal investigator for NSA-sponsored research on global data communications networks. Dr. Sanadidi has consulted for industrial concerns, has co-authored conference as well as journal papers, and holds two patents in performance modeling. He participated as reviewer and as program committee member of professional conferences. His current research interests are focused on congestion control and adaptive multimedia streaming protocols in heterogeneous (wired/wireless) networks.James Stepanek received his BS in computer science from Harvey Mudd College in 1994 and his MS in computer science from University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) in 2001 where he is currently enrolled in the PhD program. He is also currently a member of the technical staff in the Computer Systems Research Department of The Aerospace Corporation. His research interests include wireless and satellite networks.     

适应卫星IP网络的安全解决方案研究

卫星IP网络作为地面IP网络的延伸,其固有的信道特性带来了TCP性能问题和安全问题。目前业界提出的主流安全解决方案不能很好地适应TCP性能增强技术。文中通过对主流安全解决方案和TCP性能增强技术进行深入研究,挖掘二者不能良好适应的原因,最后提出一种新的适应卫星IP网络的安全解决方案。     

流媒体代理缓存技术的研究

随着Internet技术的发展和普遍应用,流媒体技术在Internet上得到了广泛的应用.对流媒体对象的访问,需要高且稳定的传送速率,网络带宽消耗大且持续时间长,容易给其他类型文件的访问带来影响,若用户过多,还会使初始流媒体服务器过载.代理缓存技术可帮助解决上述问题.文中介绍了流媒体代理缓存的特点,流媒体代理缓存的算法,流媒体代理缓存的评价指标和影响流媒体代理缓存效果的因素.     

宽带GEO网络移动的TCP协议性能研究

利用宽带卫星链路接入互联网是今后卫星通信的重要发展方向。首先介绍了基于宽带地球同步轨道(GEO,Geostationary Earth Orbit)网络移动的概念并以IPSTAR卫星为例建立模型,重点分析了基于宽带卫星移动通信的网络移动中的传输控制协议(TCP,Transfer Control Protocol)的特点,对TCP协议性能进行仿真模拟,最后分析了TCP协议在网络移动通信中的性能。结果证明,在宽带多媒体卫星移动通信中,由于系统允许信息传输具有较大带宽(IPSTAR中可以达到2 Mb/s),TCP传输的吞吐量和时延表现的较为稳定,因此,在基于宽带多媒体卫星的网络移动通信中实现TCP数据的传输具有一定的可行性。     

IP地址的盗用和防范

给出IP地址的盗用和防范的基本手段及由此而导致的严重问题，并结合具体技术给出一般的解决方法。     

A Simulation Study of Scalable TCP and HighSpeed TCP in Geostationary Satellite Networks

This paper investigates the performance of two TCP enhancements (i.e., Scalable TCP and HighSpeed TCP), recently proposed for high-speed backbone networks with a very large bandwidth-delay product, in a geostationary satellite environment. Both persistent and elastic traffic patterns are considered, performance being evaluated in terms of TCP throughput and mean session delay, respectively. The impact of channel characteristics (packet error rate, correlation between successive losses) is widely discussed. Fairness issues are also accounted for, together with the impact of some system parameters, such as the satellite link bandwidth. Extensive comparisons are carried out among Scalable TCP, HighSpeed TCP and other congestion control schemes. The obtained results show the soundness for the use of such protocols in geostationary satellite networks. Indeed, both protocols permit to improve the performance of TCP connections in a wide range of channel conditions, showing (especially Scalable TCP) to be able to cope well with rainy conditions and to exploit a future increase in the satellite link capacity. This work was carried out within the framework of the SatNex Network of Excellence, http://www.satnex.org     

卫星通信在因特网中的应用

因特网正在以迅猛的速度飞速发展,卫星作为一种重要的通信手段,其传输的因特网业务也日益增加。本针对卫星信道的长延时特点对TCP办议在卫星信道上的传输效率进行了分析,同时对当前的各种解决方案作了简单介绍,最后介绍了下一代卫星宽带多媒体网络。     

无线网络中移动IPv6的TCP性能的研究

用NS-2网络仿真软件给出了MIPv6的TCP性能分析。通过仿真实验检测了MIN从一个基站移动到另一个基站发生切换时，节点的切换处理对TCP性能的影响。实验结果表明节点的处理时间应该被考虑在仿真的参数设置中。     

TCP/IP协议处理器的多连接管理设计与实现

介绍了一种基于TCP/IP协议的可支持数千条连接的网络处理器,主要对TCP协议处理模块的多连接管理和切换做了重点的阐述.TCP协议是面向连接的协议,以往多连接的实现是将每一个连接作为操作系统的一个进程,由操作系统的进程管理程序统一进行调度.当需要将多连接用硬件来实现时,连接的切换就需要仿照操作系统的进程调度机制来进行.提出的多连接管理和切换的机制已经用Verilog HDL描述,并在Xilinx的Vertex4开发版上得到验证,结果证明此多连接管理和切换机制可以很好地支持数千条连接的同时运行,并在新型网络处理器中得到应用.     

分布式网络计算在超声成像系统中的运用

超声成像后期数据处理复杂度高,时效性不足。介绍了一种基于TCP协议和LabVIEW技术的网络分布式计算系统实现方法,充分利用分布广泛的空闲网络计算机资源,在任何时刻,系统能够自适应地管理主从机网络连接、协调已连接的主从机间任务分配、获取从机返回计算结果。以达到更快速地完成超声成像的目的。详细阐述了该系统的实现过程,并通过该方案实现了工件截面的快速成像。与FPGA等通过硬件进行并行计算的方法相比,该方法充分利用现有资源,通过软件功能的增加达到快速计算的目的,降低了系统的成本。     

Internet上代理技术的实现

基于TCP/IP的分层模型,介绍了代理技术在Internet的应用层、网间网层、网络接口层上的实现,并重点以具体事例对网络接口层的代理技术的实现进行了分析.     

一种有资源适应性的transcoding代理缓存机制

在基于transcoding代理的流媒体服务系统中,CPU和网络是两种潜在的瓶颈资源.本文提出了一种有资源适应性的transcoding代理缓存机制,统一考虑CPU和网络的资源需求,以提高系统的服务能力.首先推导了多版本缓存策略下网络收益和CPU收益的计算方法.通过引入一个时变的影响因子 α (t),给出了缓存系统聚合资源收益的表达.在此基础上给出了单个对象的缓存价值函数,并设计了RAC替换算法.实验表明RAC具有较好的资源适应性和系统吞吐率.     

Bringing the Web to the Network Edge: Large Caches and Satellite Distribution

In this paper we discuss the performance of a document distribution model that interconnects Web caches through a satellite channel. During recent years Web caching has emerged as an important way to reduce client-perceived latency and network resource requirements in the Internet. Also a satellite distribution is being rapidly deployed to offer Internet services while avoiding highly congested terrestrial links. When Web caches are interconnected through a satellite distribution, caches end up containing all documents requested by a huge community of clients. Having a large community of clients connected to a cache, the probability that a client is the first one to request a document is very small, and the number of requests that are hit in the cache increases. In this paper we develop analytical models to study the performance of a cache-satellite distribution. We derive simple expressions for the hit rate of the caches, the bandwidth in the satellite channel, the latency experienced by the clients, and the required capacity of the caches. Additionally, we use trace driven simulations to validate our model and evaluate the performance of a real cache-satellite distribution.     

卫星宽带IP技术研究

卫星IP网络是当前研究的热点之一。进一步发展Internet业务需要增大带宽并且要有移动性,因而卫星网与IP网结合成了热门话题。TCP协议是TCP/IP协议栈的主要传输协议,它在网络中的传输效率是影响IP网络传输性能的关键因素之一。首先介绍卫星IP特点,针对卫星网的信道差错率高、传播延迟长和信道不对称等特点,对TCP协议在卫星网络中的传输性能进行了分析,提出了相应的改进措施。     

基于IP协议的卫星组网通信关键技术研究

早期卫星组网一般采用地球同步卫星(GEO)作为中继器,而现在的卫星宽带信息网则是通过星间链路(ISL)实现相邻卫星之间直接通信,研究宽带卫星组网技术对于加快我国信息基础设施建设具有极其重要的作用。本首先介绍卫星通过星间链路组网通信的系统模型,然后分析卫星网络IP系统的协议堆栈,并对卫星网络TCP/IP协议各层采用的接口和协议、基本功能、工作方式等进行详细研究,最后对卫星组网通信中涉及的物理层、数据链路层和网络层的关键技术逐一进行了探讨。     

Proxies + Path Prediction: Improving Web Service Provision in Wireless–Mobile Communications

Mobile computing is considered of major importance to the computing industry for the forthcoming years due to the progress in the wireless communications area. A proxy-based architecture for accelerating Web browsing in wireless customer premises networks is presented. Proxy caches, maintained in base stations, are constantly relocated to follow the roaming user. A cache management scheme is proposed, which involves the relocation of full caches to the most probable cells but also percentages of the caches to less likely neighbors. Relocation is performed according to the output of a user movement prediction algorithm based on a learning automaton. The simulation of the scheme shows considerable benefits for the end user.     

CDMA WAP系统的性能优化

文章对CDMA WAP系统中超文本传输协议(HTTP)重定向问题、传输控制协议(TCP)连接问题进行了分析,进而提出了具体的优化措施,目的在于提高用户访问速度,改善WAP系统整体处理性能,进而增强系统稳定性.