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1.
Walter Soares Leal 《Journal of chemical ecology》1999,25(5):1055-1066
The sex pheromone for Anomala octiescostata has been previously identified as a 4:1 mixture of (R)-buibuilactone and (R)-japonilure. Field experiments showed that although not active per se, the secondary component increased the activity of major component, buibuilactone. The enantiomers of these semiochemicals, i.e., (S)-buibuilactone and (S)-japonilure are neither attractants nor behavioral antagonists to the pheromone system of A. octiescostata. Chiral GC-EAD experiments demonstrated that, in marked contrast to the Japanese beetle and Osaka beetle, which can detect a stereoisomer not produced by their conspecific females, the male antennae of A. octiescostata lack olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) tuned to (S)-buibuilactone. The same enantiomeric anosmia (inability to smell a compound) was also observed in Anomala cuprea male antennae. Both in a Y-olfactometer and field experiments, it was clarified that (S)-buibuilactone was not a behavioral antagonist for A. cuprea. Contrary to male antennae of both A. octiescostata and A. cuprea, which lack ORNs tuned to the nonnatural (S)-buibuilactone, fragrance evaluation by skilled perfumers revealed that the human nose can discriminate (both in intensity and quality) enantiomerically pure samples of (R)- and (S)-buibuilactone and japonilure. 相似文献
2.
The scarab beetle Osmoderma eremita and its larval predator, the click beetle Elater ferrugineus, are threatened saproxylic beetles regarded as indicators of the species-richness of insect fauna of hollow deciduous trees.
Male O. eremita produce the pheromone (R)-(+)-γ-decalactone to attract conspecific females, and this compound is also utilized by E. ferrugineus as a kairomone, presumably for detection of tree hollows containing prey. We have investigated enantiomeric specificity to
γ-decalactone in this pheromone–kairomone system by electrophysiological and field trapping experiments. In single-sensillum
recordings from male and female O. eremita, which used the (R)-enantiomer and the racemic mixture of γ-decalactone as odor stimuli, numerous olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) responding
to both stimuli were found. No neurons responded preferentially to the racemic mixture, showing that these beetles seem to
lack receptors specific for the (S)-enantiomer. The enantiomeric specificity of ORNs was confirmed by gas chromatography-linked single-sensillum recordings
where the two enantiomers in a racemic mixture were separated on a chiral column. Furthermore, in field experiments that used
the (R)-enantiomer and the racemic mixture as lures, the attraction of O. eremita females corresponded to the amount of (R)-enantiomer released from lures with the (S)-enantiomer displaying no antagonistic effects. Trap catch data also suggested that the (S)-enantiomer is not a behavioral antagonist for E. ferrugineus. The odor-based system can be highly efficient in attracting the larval predator where trap catch in 1 yr almost equaled
the total number of specimens collected in Sweden until 1993. Our study shows that racemic γ-decalactone could be used for
cost-effective monitoring of both beetles. 相似文献
3.
Walter Soares Leal Shigefumi Kuwahara Xiongwei Shi Hiroya Higuchi Claudia E. B. Marino Mikio Ono Jerrold Meinwald 《Journal of chemical ecology》1998,24(11):1817-1829
Male-released semiochemicals of the stink bug Piezodorus hybneri (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) elicit attraction of male and female bugs and homosexual behavior in males. Three active components were isolated from the airborne volatiles of males by flash chromatography, with the activity monitored by GC-EAD and behavioral bioassay. The pheromone system was characterized as a mixture of -sesquiphellandrene, (R)-15-hexadecanolide, and methyl 8-(Z)-hexadecenoate (ratio: 10:4:1), and the activity of the semiochemicals was assessed with authentic samples. Enantiomerically pure samples of the R and S macrolactones were obtained by Yamaguchi's and Mitsunobu's macrolactonization of a key intermediate, (R)-15-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. The nonnatural S stereoisomer was neither a beneficial nor a behavioral antagonist. Individual constituents or binary mixtures were active, but the optimal male response was elicited only by the full mixture. Behavioral observation and the fact that the onset of pheromone production is coincident with ovarian development strongly suggest that these semiochemicals are, in fact, sex pheromones. 相似文献
4.
Wittko Francke Jochen Bartels Holger Meyer Frank Schröder Ulrich Kohnle Ernst Baader Jean Pierre Vité 《Journal of chemical ecology》1995,21(7):1043-1063
A brief survey is given about recent results in the identification of semiochemicals in bark beetles: Males ofIps sexdentatus (Boern.), stressed by the attack on resinous trees produce large amounts of 3(S)-1-methyl-5-(1-hydroxyl-1-methylethyl)-cyclohexa-1,3-diene. The compound appears to be derived from 3-carene and acts as a repellent. Males ofIps typographus (L.), stressed through the attack on unsuitable host material release 3-methyl-7-methylene-1,3(E), 8-nonatriene, which seems to act as a repellent. The odor bouquet of three species ofPityogenes is described. The occurrence of (+)-grandisol and other compounds related to weevil pheromones points to a close relation between Scolytidae and Curculionidae. Females ofDendroctonus simplex (Le Conte) use (–)-frontalin as the main pheromone. 6-Methyl-6-hepten-2-one, a minor component among the volatile compounds released by the females, is regarded as a possible precursor of frontalin. Similarly, (2R,5S)-2(1-hydroxyl-1-methylethyl)-5-methyltetrahydrofuran, pityol, a pheromone ofPityophthorus spp., is regarded to at least share a common biogenetic precursor with 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol, sulcatol. A new bicylic acetal, 2-ethyl-1,5-dimethyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, is described as an aggregation pheromone of the beech bark beetle,Taphrorychus bicolor (Herbst). Structural relationships between bark beetle pheromones and plant volatiles are discussed. 相似文献
5.
Kenneth F. Haynes Kenneth V. Yeargan Jocelyn G. Millar Bonnie B. Chastain 《Journal of chemical ecology》1996,22(1):75-89
The bolas spider,Mastophora hutchinsoni, attracts adult males of four species of nocturnally active Lepidoptera through aggressive chemical mimicry of those species' sex pheromones. Here we report the identification of the sex pheromone of one prey species, the smoky tetanolita (Tetanolita mynesalis). In sex pheromone gland extracts, only two peaks stimulated an electrophysiological response as measured by a coupled gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection analysis. These two peaks had retention times identical to (3Z,6Z,9Z)-heneicosatriene (3Z,6Z,9Z-21:H) and (3Z,9Z)-cis-6,7-epoxy-heneicosadiene (3Z,9Z-cis-6,7-epoxy-21:H), respectively, and mass spectra identical to these two compounds. It was determined that 0.23±0.16 and 0.56±0.26 ng of 3Z,6Z,9Z-21:H and 3Z,9Z-cis-6,7-epoxy-21:H, respectively, were present in pheromone gland extracts from individual females. A 1:1 blend of 3Z,6Z,9Z-21:H and 3Z,9Z-6S,7R-epoxy-21:H was an effective attractant for adult males from feral populations. Blend ratios of these two components from 2:1 to 1:2 were equally effective as attractants. Greater deviation from the optimal blends resulted in diminished trap catches. The enantiomer 3Z,9Z-6R,7S-epoxy-21:H not only was not effective in attracting males, its presence in the effective blend shut down trap catches. These results indicate that the pheromone blend consists of 3Z,6Z,9Z-21:H and 3Z,9Z-6S,7R-epoxy-21:H. This is the first report of a hydrocarbon/epoxide pheromone for a prey species of this bolas spider. Sex attractants or pheromones for the other three prey species are composed of aldehydes or acetates. 相似文献
6.
G. G. Skip King Regine Gries Gerhard Gries K. N. Slessor 《Journal of chemical ecology》1995,21(12):2027-2045
(3S, 13R)-3, 13-Dimethylheptadecane [(3S, 13R)-3, 13-dime-17Hy] is the major pheromone component of the western false hemlock looper (WFHL),Nepytia freemani. In comparative gas chromotographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analyses of stereoselectively synthesized isomers, 1 pg of (3S, 13R)-dime-17Hy elicited significantly stronger electrophysiological responses by male WFHL antennae than did 1 pg of separately injected (3R, 13R)-, (3R, 13S)- or (3S, 13S)-3, 13-dime-17Hy. In field experiments with individually tested stereoisomers. (3S, 13R)-3, 13-dime-17Hy was the only stereoisomer to attract males, but the four-stereoisomer blend was 3.6 times more attractive. Quaternary and all binary combinations of (3S, 13R)-3, 13-dime-17Hy with the other stereoisomers were equally attractive, suggesting that synergisytic behavioral activity in WFHL resided with either one of (3R, 13R)-, (3R, 13S)-, or (3S, 13S)-3, 13-dime-17Hy. Because optical isomers of (di)methylhydrocarbons do not separate on currently available columns, it remains unknown whether female WFHL also produce a four-stereoisomer pheromone blend. Substitutionality of pheromone stereoisomers without loss of behavioural activity has not previously been reported, but favorably compares with the concept of pheromone redundancy that was first suggested for the multiple pheromone component blend of the cabbage looper moth,Trichoplusia ni. 相似文献
7.
Monika Hilker Verena Bläske Carsten Kobs Cornelia Dippel 《Journal of chemical ecology》2000,26(11):2591-2601
The response of the two eulophid egg parasitoid species Chrysonotomyia ruforum and Dipriocampe diprioni to sex pheromones of their sawfly hosts Diprion pini and Neodiprion sertifer was studied in olfactometer bioassays. Females of C. ruforum were arrested when exposed to odor of the tested major sex pheromone components of Diprion pini [acetate and propionate of (2S,3R,7R)-3,7–dimethyl-2–tridecanol] or Neodiprion sertifer [(2S,3S,7S)-3,7–dimethyl-2–pentadecyl acetate]. This behavioral response of C. ruforum was observed whether (1) parasitoid females had oviposition experience with D. pini eggs or not, (2) parasitoid females emerged from D. pini eggs of a French population or from N. sertifer eggs of a Finnish population, and (3) the tested sex pheromone concentration was low (1 ng/l hexane) or high (100 ng/l hexane). However, C. ruforum did not behaviorally respond to a stereoisomer of the major sex pheromone component of N. sertifer, which is known to act as a sex pheromone antagonist [antagonist = (2S,3R,7R)-3,7–dimethyl-2–pentadecyl acetate]. Thus, C. ruforum responded stereospecifically to the S,S,S configured pheromone of N. sertifer, but not to the S,R,R configuration. Females of the parasitoid D. diprioni were also arrested by the tested major sex pheromone components of the host D. pini. The kairomonal effects of diprionid host sex pheromones on these egg parasitoids are compared to known responses of egg parasitoids to lepidopteran sex pheromones. 相似文献
8.
Aggregation of Rhynchophorus palmarum weevils on host plants is mediated by a male pheromone (rhynchophorol: R) and host-plant volatiles (PVs) acting in synergy. Synthetic PV blends synergizing pheromone contain acetoin (A) and ethyl acetate (EtAc). R, A, and EtAc are detected by specialized olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). In addition, particular types of ORNs are tuned to both A and R. To specify the role played by acetoin in pheromone perception, we recorded the responses of ORNs to 100 ng of A or R presented either separately or mixed. Behavioral responses to R, A, and EtAc were studied in a four-armed olfactometer and by field trapping. We screened 59 R-, A-, and AR-tuned ORNs by recording specific responses to odors presented either separately or mixed. Stimulations by blends elicited complex response profiles from the three ORN types: some gave synergistic responses, others were inhibited, and the remainder responded as though both odors were detected independently. Several gave either a weak or no response to a first stimulation by R, but responded clearly to a second stimulation after an intercalary stimulation by A. In the olfactometer, both sexes were more attracted to a blend of A + R (1 + 0.01 ng/sec) than to pure compounds, whereas EtAc did not enhance response to R. Pheromone-baited traps (1 mg/day) containing PV blends (650 mg/day) based on an ethanol/EtAc blend (1:1), plus either 5 or 10% A, or a more complex reference blend, or sugarcane (natural pheromone synergist), caught similar numbers of weevils and about twice as many insects as a control ethanol/EtAc blend. Traps with only pheromone caught about 10 times fewer insects. Behavioral results support the role of acetoin as a pheromone synergist for R. palmarum, and electrophysiological data provide evidence of modulation of peripheral sensory responses to pheromone by acetoin. Sexual dimorphism was observed neither at the ORN nor at the behavioral levels. 相似文献
9.
Sex phermone components of mulberry looper,Hemerophila atrilineata butler (lepidoptera: Geometridae)
Zhong-Xing Tan Regine Gries Gerhard Gries Guo-Qiang Lin Guan-Qin Pu Keith N. Slessor Jianxiong Li 《Journal of chemical ecology》1996,22(12):2263-2271
(6Z-9S, 10R)-Epoxy-octadecene (SR-1) and (3Z, 6Z-9S, 10R)-epoxy-octadecadiene (SR-2) are sex pheromone components of the mulberry looper (MBL),Hemerophila atrilineata Butler. Compounds extracted from female MBL pheromone glands were identified by coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and GC-mass spectrometry. In field experiments in China,SR-2,RS-2, or both combined were hardly attractive, butSR-2 in combination withSR-1 attracted significant numbers of MBL males. Synergistic behavioral activity ofSR-1 plusSR-2, but not of corresponding antipode mixtures, indicates enantiospecificity of MBL pheromone communication. Because blends of racemic and enantiospecific (SR)1 plus2 were similarly attractive, racemic1 plus2 may have potential for mass trapping or confusion of MBL males in commercial mulberry plantations. 相似文献
10.
Julius I. Olaifa Fumio Matsumura Tadashi Kikukawa Harry C. Coppel 《Journal of chemical ecology》1988,14(4):1131-1144
The sex pheromones ofNeodiprion pinetum (Norton) andDiprion similis (Hartig) consist of two isomers, 2S,3S,7S and 2S,3R,7R, in either the acetate orpropionate forms of 3,7-dimethylpentadecan-2-ol, respectively. The 2S,3S,7S acetate isomer is utilized byN. pinetum as the major pheromone component and the 2S,3R,7R acetate as a Synergist. ConverselyD. similis utilizes 2S,3R,7R as propionate the major pheromone component and 2S,3S,7S propionate as a Synergist. This was confirmed in the field in both Michigan and Wisconsin. Capillary gas-liquid chromatographie analyses revealed that these two isomers are present in the natural pheromones of both species at the ratios close to those predicted by artificial blending of the two optical isomers. 相似文献
11.
Campbell CA Cook FJ Pickett JA Pope TW Wadhams LJ Woodcock CM 《Journal of chemical ecology》2003,29(10):2225-2234
Gynoparous female and male damson-hop aphids, Phorodon humuli (Schrank), were caught in the field by water traps that were releasing the sex pheromone of this species, (1RS,4aR,7S,7aS)-nepetalactol. No behavioral activity was elicited by (4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactone, the major sex pheromone component of other aphid species such as Megoura viciae Buckton, even though olfactory cells were found in the secondary rhinaria on the third antennal segment of P. humuli that responded strongly to this compound. Gynoparous female P. humuli in the field responded less strongly to (1R,4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactol, the sex pheromone of the bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), than they did to the (4aR,7S,7aS)-nepetalactols, but males responded only to the latter. The (4aR,7S,7aS)-nepetalactone showed no electrophysiological activity so was not used in field trials. Releasing either the (4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactone or the (1R,4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactol with the (4aR,7S,7aS)-nepetalactols did not inhibit the response of P. humuli gynoparous females and males to the latter. Males of R. padi responded as strongly to the (4aR,7S,7aS)-nepetalactols as they did to (1R,4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactol. Males of P. humuli and R. padi responded positively to an increased concentration of the (4aR,7S,7aS)-nepetalactols released from two vials compared with that from a single vial, as did P. humuli (in one of two experiments) and R. padi to the (1RS,4aR,7S,7aS)- and (1R,4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactols when released together. 相似文献
12.
Linda J. McPheron Steven J. Seybold Andrew J. Storer David L. Wood Toshikazu Ohtsuka Isao Kubo 《Journal of chemical ecology》1997,23(12):2825-2839
The aggregation pheromone produced by maleIps paraconfusus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) tunneling in Monterey pine,Pinus radiata, logs was trapped on Porapak Q. A concentration of an extract of trapped volatiles that attracted beetles was determined in the laboratory through a concentration–response analysis of walking behavior of males and females. The interruptant effects of four concentrations of verbenone on response to a constant concentration of this naturally produced aggregation pheromone were tested with males and females. Independent of its enantiomeric composition [99.5% (S)-(–), 93.1 % (S)-(–), and 98.3% (R)-(+)], verbenone significantly reduced the percentage of females (but not males) reaching the attractant source. However, when the time required for beetles of both sexes taken together to reach the attractant source was considered, verbenone of higher enantiomeric purity had a greater effect on beetle behavior. Solutions of 99.5% (S)-(–)- and 98.3% (R)-(+)-verbenone increased the time required for beetles to reach the attractive source when compared to 93.1% (S)-(–)-verbenone. When pooled across enantiomeric blends, increasing concentrations of verbenone resulted in slower responses in beetles that reached the attractant source within 2 min. Males and females did not respond to verbenone alone. 相似文献
13.
Extracts of Amphimallon solstitiale (L.), a well known, widely distributed and rather common European scarab beetle, were analyzed by GC-MS and GC-EAD. Acetoin -(R):(S) < 9:1 - as well as 2,3-butanediol -(2R,3R):(2S,3S) :meso = 1:1:9 - were present in extracts of both males and females. Although (2S,3S)-butanediol did not show any EAD activity, the other compounds elicited strong responses exclusively with male antennae. In contrast, several EAD active green leaf volatiles were detected equally well by male and female antennae. During preliminary field bioassays, (R)-acetoin was highly attractive to swarming males, whereas neither rac-acetoin nor the 2,3-butanediols showed activity. Therefore, (R)-acetoin is the female sex pheromone of A. solstitiale. 相似文献
14.
Michael J. Domingue Kenneth F. Haynes Julie L. Todd Thomas C. Baker 《Journal of chemical ecology》2009,35(4):405-415
There is little understanding of how sex pheromone blends might change during speciation events. For the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni, there is a mutant laboratory strain that has exhibited characteristics of a shift to a new pheromone blend. Mutant females
produce a blend that is significantly different from wild-type females in having a much higher proportion of a minor pheromone
component and lower quantity of the major component. Males in this colony have changed over the years to become more broadly
tuned and fly upwind equally well to both the wild-type and mutant female pheromone blends. They also exhibit reduced overall
sensitivity to pheromone, flying upwind to either blend at a lower success rate than is typical when wild-type males respond
to the wild-type blend. Using single-cell recordings, we examined the olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) of males from evolved
and wild-type colonies for evidence of changes in response characteristics that might explain the above-described behavioral
evolution. We found that in evolved-colony males the ORNs tuned to the major sex pheromone component exhibited a somewhat
lower responsiveness to that compound than the ORNs of wild-type males. In addition, the minor pheromone component, emitted
at excessively high rates by mutant females, elicited a drastically reduced ORN responsiveness in evolved-colony males compared
to wild-type males. This alteration in ORN responsiveness may be responsible for allowing evolved males to tolerate the excessive
amounts of the minor pheromone component in the mutant female blend, which would normally antagonize the upwind flight of
unevolved males. Thus, peripheral olfactory alterations have occurred in T. ni males that are correlated with the evolution of the more broadly tuned, but less sensitive, behavioral response profile. 相似文献
15.
Cheng-Hua Zhao Jocelyn G. Millar Kun-Hui Pan Cai-Sheng Xu 《Journal of chemical ecology》1998,24(8):1347-1353
Field trials were conducted with each synthetic enantiomer (>98% ee) and blends of the two synthetic enantiomers of the female-produced sex pheromone (10,14-dimethylpentadecyl isobutyrate) of the tea tussock moth, Euproctis pseudoconspersa. Male moths were attracted to each enantiomer alone and to various blends of them. Short syntheses of both enantiomers of the pheromone from commercially available (R)- and (S)-citronellyl bromide and a method of checking the enantiomeric purity of the citronellyl bromide enantiomers are described. 相似文献
16.
Paul W. Schaefer Gerhard Gries Regine Gries David Holden 《Journal of chemical ecology》1999,25(10):2305-2312
Extracts of pheromone glands from female Lymantria fumida were analyzed by coupled gas chromatographic–electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and by coupled GC–mass spectrometry (MS). The two compounds that elicited responses from male L. fumida antennae were identified as cis-7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane (disparlure) and 2-methyl-Z7-octadecene (2me-Z7–18Hy). Field experiments in northern Japan demonstrated that synthetic (7R,8S)-cis-7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane [(+)-disparlure] and 2me-Z7–18Hy are synergistic sex pheromone components of L. fumida. (7S,8R)-cis-7,8-Epoxy-2-methyloctadecane [(–)-disparlure] had no behavioral effect on male L. fumida. Traps baited with (+)-disparlure and 2me-Z7–18Hy captured male L. fumida between 21:00 and 24:00 hr, whereas traps baited with (+)-monachalure [(7R,8S)-cis-7,8-epoxy-octadecane], (+)-disparlure and 2me-Z7–18Hy attracted males of the nun moth, L. monacha L., between 02:00 and 04:00 hr. Both temporal separation of pheromonal communication and specificity of pheromone blends seem to contribute to the reproductive isolation of sympatric and coseasonal L. fumida and L. monacha. 相似文献
17.
Hillbur Y Bengtsson M Löfqvist J Biddle A Pillon O Plass E Francke W Hallberg E 《Journal of chemical ecology》2001,27(7):1391-1407
The sex pheromone of the pea midge consists of 2-acetoxytridecane, (2S,11S)-diacetoxytridecane and (2S,12S)-diacetoxytridecane. The responses of male pea midges to the corresponding stereoisomers of (2S,11S)-diacetoxytridecane and (2S,12S)-diacetoxytridecane were tested in field trapping experiments and by electroantennographic recordings. When added at 20% of the pheromone component to the sex pheromone blend, the (2S,11R)- and (2R,11S)-stereoisomers of (2S,11S)-diacetoxytridecane, were shown to have a strong inhibitory effect on male attraction in the field. At the same dose, (2R,11R)-diacetoxytridecane, (2R,12R)-diacetoxytridecane, and meso-2,12-diacetoxytridecane, did not have a significant effect on male behavior. It was also shown that substitution of either (2S,11S)-diacetoxytridecane or (2S,12S)-diacetoxytridecane with the related stereoisomers reduced trap catches to the level of blank traps. The electroantennographic recordings showed similar dose–response curves for the pheromone components and the stereoisomers shown to have an inhibitory effect. It seems likely that male antennae have receptors for both pheromone components and for inhibitory stereoisomers. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy of the antennae revealed three types of sensilla involved in chemoreception: sensilla circumfila, sensilla trichodea, and sensilla coeloconica. The sensilla circumfila and trichodea are both innervated by two sensory cells, whereas the sensilla coeloconica are innervated by four to five cells. 相似文献
18.
Greenberg L Tröger AG Francke W McElfresh JS Topoff H Aliabadi A Millar JG 《Journal of chemical ecology》2007,33(5):935-945
Workers of the slave-making ant, Polyergus breviceps, raid nests of Formica ants and return with Formica pupae that mature into worker ants in the slave-makers’ colony. These Formica workers then tend the Polyergus brood, workers, and reproductives. During raids in the mating season, winged virgin Polyergus queens accompany the workers in the raiding columns. During the raid, the virgin queens release a pheromone that attracts
males that quickly mate with the queens. We report the identification, synthesis, and bioassay of the sex attractant pheromone
of the queens as an approximately 1:6 ratio of (R)-3-ethyl-4-methylpentan-1-ol and methyl 6-methylsalicylate. The ants produce exclusively the (R)-enantiomer of the alcohol, and the (S)-enantiomer has no biological activity, neither inhibiting nor increasing attraction to blends of methyl 6-methylsalicylate
with the (R)-enantiomer. 相似文献
19.
Olfactory coding in the perception of semiochemicals 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Information processing in the olfactory pathway underlying the perception of semiochemicals by insects is discussed. Both the chemical message for mates and the message for food consist of blends of chemicals. Olfactory receptors in an insect species are tuned to the detection of those compounds which comprise such chemical messages for that species. The classification of receptors as specialists or generalists coincides with two concepts of information processing, i.e., labeled lines and across-fiber patterns, respectively. The olfactory code coming from antennal receptors inPieris brassicae larvae is a combination of labeled lines and across-fiber patterning. When antennae of adult Colorado potato beetles,Leptinotarsa decemlineata, are stimulated by binary mixtures of leaf odor components, the pattern of neural activities in the olfactory receptors shows some separation into two channels, quantitative versus qualitative detection. The separation is complete in the antennal lobe of this beetle.Presented at the Symposium on Insect Chemical Communications: Unifying Concepts. ACS 194th National Meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana, August 31, 1987. 相似文献
20.
R. E. Doolittle J. H. Tumlinson A. T. Proveaux R. R. Heath 《Journal of chemical ecology》1980,6(2):473-485
The stereospecific synthesis of the sex pheromone produced by the female Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman), (R,Z)-5-1-decenyl)-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone, is described. The pure syntheticR,Z form is a powerful attractant for males of the species in field bioassays and was competitive in attractiveness with live females, whereas the racemicZ isomer and theS,Z enantiomer were strong inhibitors of male response. The saturated analogs of both enantiomers were also synthesized stereospecifically.Mention of a commercial or proprietary product in this paper does not constitute an endorsement of that product by the USDA. 相似文献