铁和碳钢在浓碱溶液中的阳极极化曲线

通过极化曲线测量方法研究铁和碳钢在不同浓度的KOH浓碱溶液中的阳极极化行为,结果表明铁和碳钢在浓碱溶液中表现出典型的活化-钝化金属特性.     

TiO2掺杂对Na2CO3/Al2O3吸收剂CO2捕捉性能的影响

钠基固体吸收剂脱除燃煤烟气CO₂技术具有反应温度低、能耗低等优点,日益受到学术界的关注。该技术的主要不足是吸收剂的活性成分碳酸钠与CO₂的反应（碳酸化反应）活性较低。针对这一问题,本文旨在研制一种新型改性钠基固体吸收剂,采用活性氧化铝作为载体、TiO₂作为掺杂剂进行改性,利用热重分析装置、XRD、SEM和氮吸附仪研究钠基固体吸收剂的CO₂捕捉性能。结果表明：掺杂TiO₂后,钠基固体吸收剂与CO₂的反应速率加快,CO₂捕捉量增加;反应前后除TiO₂外无其他含Ti化合物生成;碳酸化反应产物为NaHCO₃和Na₅H₃（CO₃）₄;然而TiO₂掺杂过多会堵塞吸收剂的微观孔道,不利于甚至阻碍碳酸化反应的进行,因此,TiO₂的掺杂量应控制在一定的范围内。     

热电锅炉烟气脱硫溶液中Na2S2O3含量的测定

“中成碱法回收热电锅炉烟气中的二氧化硫”是对国外Wellman-Lord烟气脱硫方法的改进，是我公司2004年新上的一项环保项目，用于处理公司热电站锅炉排放的烟气，以实现锅炉烟气达标排放，回收的产品二氧化硫作为生产保险粉的原料。此脱硫法脱硫液的成分很复杂，主要含NaHSO3、Na2SO3、Na2SO4和Na2S2O3。     

Na2CO3/γ-Al2O3吸附剂对SO2吸附性能的研究

用浸渍法制备了 Na2 CO3 /γ- Al2 O3 吸附剂 ,考察了 Na2 CO3 含量、焙烧温度和吸附温度对 Na2 CO3 /γ- Al2 O3 吸附剂 SO2 吸附性能的影响 .结果表明 :Na2 CO3 含量从 4%增加到 2 0 %时 ,穿透时间和硫容在 1 6%时出现峰值 .未经焙烧的吸附剂穿透时间和硫容都比较低 ,较理想的焙烧温度为 30 0℃～ 40 0℃ .吸附温度对 SO2 吸附性能的影响明显 ,在室温下吸附时 ,穿透时间和硫容都较小 ,适宜的吸附温度为 1 2 0℃～ 1 60℃ .     

Na2CO3调质后对石灰石热分解的影响研究

通过显微镜观察、热质量分析探讨了Na2CO3调质后对石灰石热分解的影响.通过偏光显微镜观察发现:Na2CO3使石灰石表面产生熔蚀,Na 容易进入石灰石晶格内部,形成杂质缺陷,加快了石灰石的分解,增加了新生矿物的生成量及其粒度,其最佳用量为2.0%Na2CO3/石灰石(质量配比),浸泡时间24 h.热质量实验计算出来的动力学参数也表明:调质石灰石的分解速率约为未调质石灰石的1.5倍.     

腐植酸对Na2CO3-NaHCO3溶液加工铀矿石的影响

阐述了腐植酸对采用Na2CO3-NaHCO3溶液加工铀矿石过程的影响。铀矿石中存在的腐植酸导致Na2CO3-NaHCO3溶液浸出,使铀的浸出率偏低。在季铵-煤油溶液从Na2CO3-NaHCO3-[UO2(CO3)3]4--H2O体系中萃取时,铀的萃取效率明显下降,产生乳化,生成大量三相物,并且两相分离时间大大延长,降低了萃取设备的生产能力;在采用NaOH从Na2CO3-NaHCO3-[UO2(CO3)3]4--H2O体系沉淀铀的过程中,NaOH单耗量显著增大、沉淀母液中ρ(U)值上升较多。腐植酸对(NH4)2CO3-NH4OH溶液从负载铀的季铵-煤油溶液中反萃取-结晶三碳酸铀酰铵(AUC)过程,没有显示有害影响,晶体形态完整无缺陷,粗晶产率仍高于80%。     

Na2CO3/TiO2催化剂的制备及催化性能研究

以钛酸正四丁酯为钛源,采用水热法制备出纯TiO2及Na2CO3修饰的TiO2催化剂样品.以亚甲基蓝溶液模拟染料废水为目标污染物,考察纯TiO2和经Na2CO3修饰后的Na2CO3/TiO2催化剂的催化性能.采用XRD、TEM、BET等方法对催化剂的结构和形貌进行了表征.结果表明,制备出的经Na2CO3修饰后的TiO2催...     

CO2分解酚钠盐后Na2CO3废液的处理

对CO2分解酚钠盐后Na2CO3废液的处理进行了工艺设计和生产控制分析,为环境保护和资源回收开辟了一条新途径。     

Na2CO3基吸附剂颗粒制备及其脱碳性能

采用挤压-滚圆法制备Na₂CO₃基CO₂吸附剂微球颗粒,在自行设计的CO₂吸收系统中对制备的样品进行脱碳性能测试。结合相关表征测试,探明不同载体、不同负载量的Na₂CO₃基吸附剂的微观结构、脱碳性能以及机械性能的变化规律和内在原因。研究表明：不同载体的Na₂CO₃基吸附剂颗粒脱碳性能存在明显差异,其中氧化铝负载的吸附剂（Na₂CO₃/Al₂O₃）的脱碳性能最好,可达1.14mmol/g。铝酸钙水泥负载的吸附剂（Na₂CO₃/CA）机械性能较好,但其脱碳性能最差。结合吸附剂脱碳和机械性能的综合考量,Na₂CO₃/Al₂O₃是最为合适的CO₂吸附剂,并进一步研究不同Na₂CO₃负载量的影响。研究发现随着Na₂CO₃负载量的变化,吸附剂的微观结构、脱碳性能以及机械性能都存在明显的差异。虽然60%负载量的Na₂CO₃/Al₂O₃吸附剂颗粒的机械性能和脱碳效果较好,但其成球度较差,影响其实际应用。质量分数40%负载量的Na₂CO₃/Al₂O₃吸附剂颗粒具有良好的脱碳性能、机械性能以及成球度,CO₂脱除量为1.36mmol/g。总体而言,利用挤压-滚圆法制备的Na₂CO₃基吸附剂颗粒具有良好的流动特性、脱碳性能和机械性能,适用于电厂烟气中的CO₂脱除。     

Na2SiO3/Na2CO3复合制备清洁型碱矿渣胶凝材料

为解决弱碱单独激发碱矿渣胶凝材料(AASM)时存在的力学性能弱、矿渣反应程度低等问题,缓解AASM的操作危害性,本文采用Na₂SiO₃/Na₂CO₃复合激发矿渣,研究了复合激发剂组成对AASM凝结时间、抗压强度、水化产物及自收缩的影响,并评估了AASM的环境效益。结果表明:随着Na₂CO₃碱当量的增加,AASM缓凝效果较为明显,抗压强度也有所降低,但抗压强度的降低幅度随龄期增大而减小。通过加入Na₂CO₃,AASM水化产物种类增多,C-(A)-S-H的峰值强度随Na₂CO₃碱当量占比的增加呈现出先增加后降低的趋势,因而解释了AASM浆体自收缩的变化。另外,由CO₂排放指数可以看出,Na₂SiO₃/Na₂CO₃复合激发矿渣较Na₂SiO₃单独激发更为清洁,环境效益显著。     

温度对 MgCl2与 Na2CO3 反应制备碳酸镁水合物的影响

Homogeneous (unseeded) precipitation of magnesium carbonate hydrates by the reaction of MgCl2 with Na2CO3 in supersaturated solutions between 273 and 363 K was investigated. The compositions, morphologies and filtration characteristics of the precipitates were studied in detail. The magnesium carbonate hydrates obtained at 313 K and in the range of 343-363 K showed good morphologies and filtration characteristics. Magnesium oxides (MgO) with high purity (97.6%-99.4%) were obtained by calcining magnesium carbonate hydrates at 1073 K.     

活性炭粒子对K2CO3溶液中CO2化学吸收的强化

The enhancement of chemical absorption of CO2 by K2CO3/H2O absorbents in the presence of activated carbon （AC） particles was investigated. The results show that the gas absorption rates can be enhanced significantly in the presence of AC particles, and the maximum enhancement factor 3.7 was observed at low stirring intensities. The enhancement factor increased rapidly with the solid loading during the initial period of absorption and then be- came mild gradually to a maximum value. Both the liquid-solid contact area and the probability of solid particles residing at the gas-liquid interface decreased with the increase of the particle size, leading to a negative effect on the enhancement of mass transfer. The influence of the particles on gas absorption decreased with the reaction rate. The stirring speed changed the interfacial coverage and mass transfer rate on the liquid side and consequently affected the mass transfer between the gas and liquid phases; the enhancement factor decreased with the stirring intensity. A heterogeneous two-zone model was proposed for predicting the enhancement factor and the calculated results agreed well with the experimental data.     

负载型K2CO3/Al2O3二氧化碳吸收剂的碳酸化反应特性

The carbonation characteristics of K₂CO₃/Al₂O₃ supported sorbent for CO₂ capture was investigated with thermogravimetric apparatus（TGA）,X-ray diffraction（XRD）,scanning electron microscopy analysis（SEM）and N₂ adsorption.The results showed that the carbonation rate of K₂CO₃ before being loaded on Al₂O₃ was slow.However,the K₂CO₃/Al₂O₃ upported sorbent showed excellent carbonation performance.The difference in carbonation behavior between K₂CO₃ nd K₂CO₃/Al₂O₃ supported sorbent was analyzed from the microscopic view.The analytical reagent K₂CO₃ sample was of monoclinic crystal structure and could react quickly with H₂O in the experimental carbonation environment to produce K₂CO₃•1.5H₂O,which was unfavorable to carbonation reaction.When K₂CO₃was loaded on Al₂O₃,the surface area and porosity of the sorbent was improved greatly.So the carbonation properties of the K₂CO₃/Al₂O₃ supported sorbent was also improved.     

煤在O2/CO2中燃烧的Nox释放规律

利用一维沉降炉,对3种煤在O₂/CO₂和空气两种气氛下燃烧NO_x析出特性进行了比较,分析了炉膛温度、过量空气系数对NO_x生成量的影响,并对O₂/CO₂气氛下NO_x的生成和破坏机理进行了分析.研究发现两种气氛下NO_x都有一个峰值出现,挥发分含量高的煤种峰值靠前, 挥发分含量低的煤种峰值靠后,O₂/CO₂条件下,峰值出现较空气条件下提前且有所下降;空气条件下NO_x的生成量随温度提高较快地增加,而O₂/CO₂气氛中NO_x的生成量随温度变化比较缓慢;在两种气氛下NO_x的峰值均随过量空气系数的增加而增加,高挥发分煤在O₂/CO₂气氛下NO_x峰值低于空气条件下峰值,而低挥发分煤则受影响较小.     

PTFE-F-PbO2 电极在H2SO4溶液中的析氧行为

F-PbO2 electrode and polytetrafluoroethylene （PTFE） doped F-PbO2 electrode （PTFE-F-PbO2） were prepared on a plexiglas sheet substrate by a series of procedure including chemical and electrochemical depositions. The electrochemical activities of these two electrodes for oxygen evolution （OE） reaction were examined by electrochemical tests. In comparison with F-PbO2, PTFE-F-PbO2 electrode exhibited larger active surface area and higher oxygen vacancy deficiency, which resulted in its higher electrocatalytic activity for OE. In addition, both exchange current density and activation energy of the electrodes for OE were calculated in terms of active surface area. The values of exchange current density and activation energy in 0.5 mol·L^-1 H2SO4 aqueous solution were 1.125×10^ -3 mA·cm^-2 and 18.62 kJ·mol^-1 for PTFE-F-PbO2, and 8.384×10^-4 mA·cm^- 2 and 28.98 kJ·mol^-1 for F-PbO2, respectively. Because these values are calculated on the basis of the active surface areas of the electrodes, the enhanced activity of PTFE-F-PbO2 can be attributed to an increase in oxygen vacancy deficiency of PbO2 due to doping by PTFE. The influence of PTFE adulteration on the activity of PbO2 film electrode for OE was investigated in detail in this study.     

氧化铋掺杂纳米二氧化锰/活性炭复合电极

首次应用机械振动研磨法在室温条件制备纳米活性炭电极材料,经过30 min研磨后,得到了粒度分布在30～50 nm之间的纳米活性炭（nm-AC）,研究表明,这种纳米活性炭的结晶性得到了明显增强和改善,且孔径分布更趋于合理。并用溶胶-凝胶方法合成了掺杂氧化铋的纳米二氧化锰（nm-Bi-MnO ₂）,将其与制备的纳米活性炭制成超级电容器所需的复合电极材料。与10%二氧化锰复合的纳米活性炭电极具有最佳的充放电性能,尤其是在掺杂氧化铋的情况下比电容能量达到308 F·g^-1,且随着电流增大没有显著的衰减。与此同时,用机械振动研磨法将二氧化锰与活性炭的混合物进行研磨改性,电化学分析表明,经机械振动研磨改性的二氧化锰的比电容相对较大,具有进一步提高电极材料性能的潜力。     

Anodic polarization behavior of low-carbon steel in concentrated sodium hydroxide and sodium nitrate solutions

High-level radioactive wastes, primarily consisting of concentrated sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium nitrate (NaNO₃) solutions, are stored in large underground storage tanks made of low-carbon steel. The anodic polarization behavior of low-carbon steel in concentrated solutions of 10 M NaOH and various concentrations of NaNO₃ (0.01-2.0 M) was determined in order to predict the caustic stress corrosion cracking (CSCC) susceptibility of the tanks. The active-passive transition peak exhibited during anodic polarization of low-carbon steel in 10 M NaOH, typically associated with CSCC, at −0.25 and −0.75 V_SCE, is still present at the lower and higher concentrations of nitrate. However, there is a mid-range of nitrate concentrations (0.5-1 M) within which the peak is suppressed by the strongly oxidizing nitrate in the presence of oxygen, a cathodic depolarizer. Temperature also affects the magnitude of this mid-range of nitrate concentrations where CSCC is seen to be electrochemically prevented. The data suggest that the oxygen solubility at the relatively low temperatures tested (<95 °C) controls the preference of the cathodic reaction, i.e. oxygen reduction versus nitrate reduction. When oxygen reduction is the preferred cathodic reaction, E_corr is driven more noble than the active-passive transition peak.     

复合氧化物TiO2/SiO2性质研究

The nanometer particles of TiO2 and TiO2/SiO2 oxides were prepared by sol-gel and supercritical fluid drying method.The properties of TiO2 and TiO2/SiO2 were characterized by means of BET(Brunner-Emmett-Teller method), TEM(transmission electron microscopy), SEM(Scanning electron microscopy), XRD(X-ray differaction) and FTIR(Fourier transform-infrared) techniques.The effects of different preparation route,prehydrolysis and non-prehydrolysis,on the properties of TiO2/SiO2 oxide were also examined.Experimental results show that the termal stability of pure TiO2 is improved greatly when it is mixed with SiO2 in nanometer level.The composite TiO2/SiO2 oxides form Ti-O-Si chemical bonds,which creates new Broensted acidity stes.The acidity character is related to TiO2/SiO2 chemical composition and preparation methods.The acidity of TiO2/SiO2 oxides by prehydrolysis is greater than that of by non-prehydrolysis.Ti atom is rich on the surface of TiO2/SiO2.