极地海洋平台用Nb-V微合金化热轧H型钢TMCP工艺

在实验室利用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机对Nb-V微合金化H型钢进行了连续冷却转变与形变热模拟试验,研究了形变温度和冷却速度对试验钢组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：连续冷却转变过程中,冷速为1 ℃/s时,组织中开始出现少量贝氏体;冷速大于7 ℃/s时,不发生珠光体转变;冷速为15 ℃/s时,不发生铁素体转变。形变热模拟条件下,冷速≤1 ℃/s时,形变未改变试验钢的组织类型,其组织均为铁素体+珠光体;冷速为5~10 ℃/s时,形变显著改变试验钢的组织形态;形变温度越低,其组织中铁素体含量越高,铁素体与贝氏体组织越细小;形变温度为800~850 ℃,冷速控制在3~5 ℃/s时,试验钢可获得强韧性较好的细小准多边形铁素体与贝氏体的复合组织。     

铁素体珠光体型非调质钢连续冷却转变的研究

采用DIL805L淬火相变膨胀仪研究了铁素体珠光体型非调质钢的连续冷却相变组织变化规律,分析了冷却速率和合金元素对相变组织、显微硬度和CCT曲线的影响。结果表明,Mo有助于获得针状铁素体组织,进而提高韧性,Mn与微合金元素V有助于提高钢的综合力学性能;冷速增大至0.5 ℃/s时,开始出现针状铁素体;冷速小于1 ℃/s时,获得完全的铁素体+珠光体组织;随着冷速的增大,钢的硬度不断增大。     

500 MPa级高建钢形变奥氏体连续冷却转变行为研究

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机模拟了屈服强度500 MPa级高建钢热变形奥氏体的动态连续冷却转变过程,结合金相法绘制试验钢的CCT曲线,并对相变组织进行维氏硬度测试。试验结果表明,当冷速低于2.5℃/s时,形成多边形铁素体、针状铁素体和珠光体的混合组织;在5~30℃/s的冷速范围内,形成针状铁素体和粒状贝氏体的混合组织;在冷速50℃/s时,开始出现少量板条贝氏体组织。随着冷速的增大,组织细化,连续冷却转变组织硬度增加。试验钢两阶段变形后的控冷工艺窗口为5~25℃/s。     

DH36高强船板钢CCT曲线及针状铁素体形成研究

采用Linseie L78 RITA淬火/相变热膨胀仪测定了DH36高强度船板钢的相变点,绘制了连续冷却转变曲线。通过光学显微镜和显微硬度法分析了冷却速率对相变组织演变规律及对针状铁素体形成的影响。结果表明:冷却速率0.5~3℃/s时,转变产物为多边形铁素体和珠光体;冷却速率5~10℃/s时,转变产物为大量针状铁素体和少量贝氏体,珠光体消失;冷却速率15~100℃/s时,转变产物主要由粒状贝氏体和铁素体组成,并开始形成板条马氏体,随冷速的增加其显微硬度呈增大趋势。5~7℃/s的冷却速率范围是获得针状铁素体的最佳冷速区间,在7℃/s冷速下,观察到了Al-Si-Ti-O-S-Mn系复合夹杂物所诱发的呈发散状多维形核的晶内针状铁素体。     

齿轮钢16MnCr的过冷奥氏体连续冷却转变规律

利用DIL805L淬火相变膨胀仪研究了齿轮钢16Mn Cr的过冷奥氏体连续冷却转变行为,结合金相-硬度法,绘制静态CCT曲线。结果表明:试验钢在冷速小于0.2℃/s时,室温下获得铁素体+珠光体组织,冷速大于0.5℃/s,室温下试验钢中出现贝氏体组织,冷速大于5℃/s,试验钢中出现马氏体组织;随着冷速的增加,铁素体、珠光体减少,铁素体的形态由多边形向针状发展,硬度由146 HV30增大至380 HV30。由于Mo推迟了铁素体、珠光体转变,降低了获得铁素体的临界冷速,试验钢获得铁素体+珠光体组织的冷速范围较窄。     

C-Mn-Al系TRIP钢连续冷却转变及组织研究

采用热膨胀仪测定了C-Mn-Al系TRIP钢在不同冷速下连续冷却转变的膨胀曲线;并运用Thermo-Calc软件,进行了C-Mn-Al系TRIP钢相变的理论计算。结合金相组织观察,研究了其连续冷却转变产物的组织形态。结果表明,当冷速0.5℃/s时,组织由许多多边形先共析铁素体、少量珠光体和无碳化物贝氏体组成;冷速5℃/s时,组织为铁素体和贝氏体;冷速10℃/s时,开始出现马氏体和贝氏体的混合组织。     

低合金钢FQK400的连续冷却转变

采用Gleeble-2000热模拟试验机研究了FQK400钢的连续冷却转变过程,分析了不同冷速下钢的组织转变和力学性能,研究了形变对连续冷却条件下相变的影响规律.结果表明,FQK400钢的临界点Ac1、Ac3分别为730℃和840℃.除30～40℃/s冷速范围内同时有10%的上贝氏体,5℃/s冷速下同时有10%的魏氏组织外,其他冷速下贝氏体均为粒状贝氏体,铁素体均为多边形铁素体和针状铁素体.900℃变形50%,使先共析铁索体转变线左上移,依冷速不同,铁素体转变量增加5%～13%,珠光体转变量减少5%～8%,贝氏体转变开始线下降约10℃,转变终了线基本不变,贝氏体转变量减少5%～25%,并使不发生贝氏体转变的临界冷速由0.8℃/s降低到0.3℃/s,马氏体转变量在冷速30～15℃/s时增加了10%～15%,其他冷速时减少3%～7%.变形后的相含量-冷速变化规律基本不变.     

免退火冷镦钢SWRCH35KM的相变行为及组织演变

用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机研究了RE微合金化免退火冷镦钢SWRCH35KM热变形后连续冷却过程相变规律和显微组织演变特征。结果表明,试验钢0.1~25 ℃/s冷速范围内均发生了铁素体和珠光体转变,冷速0.1~0.2 ℃/s时细小珠光体区有明显球化行为,而冷速在＞2 ℃/s后开始出现针状铁素体和魏氏组织。为了获得均匀细小的铁素体基体加在线球化珠光体组织,需在斯太尔摩冷却线采用分段冷却控制思路,吐丝温度至750 ℃范围内冷速宜＞2 ℃/s,抑制粗大先共析铁素体,而在750~680 ℃时冷速需1~2 ℃/s,以避免魏氏组织和针状铁素体;680~640 ℃珠光体转变温度区间冷速应≤0.1 ℃/s,以促进珠光体在线球化。     

冷速及变形对X70级管线钢相变及组织的影响

通过一种微合金高强管线钢未变形及热变形条件下连续冷却相变行为的研究,建立了相应的奥氏体连续冷却相变曲线,结合光学显微镜及扫描电镜的微观组织观察,研究了冷却速度及热变形对该钢相变及组织的影响;试验结果表明,试验钢在试验冷速范围内组织由多边形铁素体＋珠光体,针状铁素体,贝氏体铁素体构成;变形将针状铁素体的相变温度提高100℃以上,形成针状铁素体的冷速范围由未变形的0.5-15℃/s扩大到变形后的3-50℃/s以上,促进了针状铁素体转变;随变形后冷却速度及变形量的增加,基体组织变细,基体中M/A小岛变得更加细小、弥散。     

管线钢X80的CCT曲线研究

采用膨胀仪研究管线钢X80连续冷却过程中的相变规律。采用热膨胀法和金相法相结合测绘管线钢X80的CCT曲线,并研究冷却速率对组织和硬度的影响规律。实验结果表明:不同的冷却速率下实验钢的组织不同。低冷速下,管线钢X80的组织均为多边形铁素体外加少量的珠光体;随着冷速的增加(3℃/s时),多边形铁素体逐渐转变为针状铁素体;当冷速达到50℃/s以上时,还会出现贝氏体组织。随冷速的提高,实验钢的硬度呈逐渐上升趋势。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.