可控交联聚芳醚酮热塑性复合材料的制备及电子束辐照对其结构和性能的影响

报道了一种可溶性可控交联聚芳醚酮(CCPAEK)热塑性复合材料的制备方法.通过不同温度下CCPAEK树脂熔融指数的测定,得到合适的热塑性复合材料成型温度及压力制度.研究了CCPAEK的电子束(EB)辐照交联特性,对热塑性复合材料进行一定剂量的EB辐照处理,并考察了辐照对复合材料结构和性能的影响.DSC及DMTA分析结果表明,复合材料辐照后的玻璃化转变温度有所增加.辐照后复合材料的弯曲强度得到明显提高,但弯曲模量和层间剪切强度基本不变.SEM分析说明辐照对材料的界面性能无明显影响.     

电子束固化复合材料及界面

综述了电子束固化工艺相对于传统热固化工艺的特点,并从以下几方面介绍电子束固化技术的一些进展：自由基电子束固化聚合物基体、阳离子电子束固化聚合物基体、电子束固化复合材料界面特点和改性方法,并对电子束固化树脂基复合材料中存在的问题进行了评述。     

电子束/潮气双重固化有机硅改性酚醛环氧丙烯酸酯的固化行为

漆膜双重固化效果好,而目前电子束/潮气双重固化树脂体系的研究还不系统。将硅氧烷基团引入酚醛环氧丙烯酚酯中,制备了一种可电子束/潮气双重固化的树脂,采用摆杆硬度法研究了树脂配方、电子束辐照剂量以及潮气固化温度对固化效果的影响,并采用红外光谱、热重分析对漆膜固化前后的分子结构及热稳定性进行表征。结果表明:漆膜在潮气固化过程中内部的S-OC2H5基团通过水解缩合生成Si-O-Si交联网络结构;电子束辐照剂量及树脂双键含量的增加会延长潮气固化时间,而潮气固化温度升高则可大幅度缩短潮气固化时间,同时漆膜经潮气固化后其物理性能和热稳定性能都得到了显著提升。     

碳纤维在电子束辐射过程中对树脂基复合材料界面性能的影响

采用XPS和Raman分析了电子束辐射对碳纤维表面性质的影响，研究了碳纤维与基体树脂之间的不充分接触对电子束固化复合材料层间剪切强度的影响，同时分析了碳纤维表面吸附的水分，碳纤维与基体树脂之间的空隙率和碳纤维表面在碳酸氢铵电解液中进行阳极氧化处理后对电子束固化复合材料界面性能的影响，分析了碳纤维表面在电子束辐射过程中与树脂基体的作用机理。     

电子束固化树脂基复合材料中碳纤维表面改性研究

利用阳极氧化方法和偶联剂对碳纤维表面的物理和化学性质进行改性，采用原子力显微镜（AFM）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）分析了碳纤维表面改性前后的形貌和化学成分的变化，利用Keaelble法计算了碳纤维的表面能。研究结果表明，阳极氧化改性的碳纤维表面粗糙度增加，表面活性；表面活性官能闭增多，表面能中极性成分增加明显，碳纤维表面引入的活性氮和化学吸附的碱性物质使电子束固化复合材料界面处的引发剂中毒，复合材料界面性能减弱，与电子束固化工艺相匹配的偶联剂在碳纤维与树脂基体之间形成化学桥，使电子束固化复合材料界面性能得到明显提高。     

玻璃纤维增强耐高温改性环氧基拉挤电绝缘芯棒的研究

采用改性双马来酰亚胺预聚体对酸酐/环氧树脂体系进行了耐高温化改性, 制得一种耐高温玻璃钢拉挤芯棒用树脂基体配方。应用示差扫描量热、差动热分析和傅里叶红外光谱等对该改性环氧树脂体系的固化反应进行了研究, 对该树脂基体固化物和其玻璃纤维增强的拉挤芯棒的力学、电气和耐热性能也进行了研究。结果表明,该树脂基体满足拉挤工艺要求, 其性能达到技术指标要求。     

复合材料旋翼桨叶用高性能树脂基体及其复合材料

本文提供了一种经过改性的高性能的树脂基体,并对这种树脂体系及其复合材料的固化特性、工艺性、力学与热性能等进行了深入的研究。 该树脂体系有较长的凝胶时间和较低的本体粘度,可以在中温(100～120℃)下完全固化,得到坚韧和高模量的树脂基体。用该树脂基体制成的复合材料具有很好的力学与热性能,它成功地应用于小型直升机复合材料旋翼桨叶的试制。     

828环氧树脂体系电子束固化反应机理的研究

对电子束（EB）辐射828环氧树脂的固化反应机理进行了研究，考察了不同引发剂，稀释剂对树脂体系辐射反应的影响。实验发现，阳离子型光引发剂可以引发环氧树脂的电子束辐射固化反应，传统的热固化体系并不适用于电子束固化，稀释剂的使用会降低反应体系的固化度，其中活性稀释剂的影响较小，供电子型溶剂会对环氧树脂的辐射固化反应起阻聚作用。以环氧丙烷作为单官能团环氧花合物，采用红外光谱，自由基捕捉技术与气相色谱－质谱相结合的方法，研究了电子束辐射环氧丙烷－碘Weng盐体系的辐射反应机理，推导出由碘Weng盐在电子束辐照下分解，随后产生质子酸，引发环氧丙烷阳离子开环聚合的反应过程。     

紫外光辐射固化共混改性环氧树脂复合材料的力学和热老化性能

利用湿法手工铺叠工艺和紫外光固化技术,制备以双酚A环氧树脂E-44与有机硅环氧树脂ES-06共混改性光敏树脂体系为基体的玻璃布增强复合材料,测试并分析比较了复合材料的力学和热老化性能.结果表明,在光敏树脂基体中加入链转移剂以及对光固化后的复合材料进行加压后固化处理,均能显著提高复合材料的性能.采用E-44与ES-06质量比为2:1的共混改性树脂体系制备的复合材料的力学性能和耐热老化性能最佳,其拉伸强度达到146.6 MPa,拉伸模量为19.4GPa,弯曲强度为152.5MPa,层间剪切强度达到16.2 MPa.     

硅烷偶联剂对电子束固化碳纤维复合材料的增效研究

根据碳纤维表面的特点及其复合材料中树脂基体进行电子束固化的机理,对碳纤维表面进行预氧化以提高碳纤维表面含氧官能团的含量,利用偶联剂的化学架桥作用对电子束固化复合材料界面进行了增效研究。采用X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对处理后碳纤维表面化学成分进行了分析,并采用层间剪切强度对电子束固化复合材料界面粘合性能进行了评价。结果表明,碳纤维表面的含氮官能团使电子束固化复合材料中碳纤维与环氧树脂基体之间的粘合强度减弱,偶联剂与预氧化碳纤维表面进行了强相互作用,使电子束固化复合材料层间剪切强度得到提高。     

磷酸单酯偶联剂改性羟基磷灰石/高密度聚乙烯复合人工骨材料的制备和性能

采用磷酸单酯偶联剂对羟基磷灰石( HA) 进行表面改性处理, 通过熔融共混复合等工艺制备了改性HA/ 高密度聚乙烯( HDPE) 复合人工骨材料。用IR、TGA 和燃烧实验对复合材料的结构和组成进行了表征, 并对复合材料的流变性能、热稳定性、力学性能进行了初步研究。结果表明,所制备的改性HA/ HDPE 复合材料比未改性HA/ HDPE 具有更好的流变性能和机械力学性能, 组成均一, 具有良好的热稳定性, 通过控制复合材料中改性HA 及HDPE 配比, 可制备出机械力学性能优良的复合人工骨材料, 在生物医学材料研究中具有重要意义。      

Tribological and mechanical properties of the composites made of carbon fabrics modified with various methods

Carbon fabric (CF) was modified with strong HNO₃ etching, plasma bombardment, and anodic oxidation, respectively. The modified carbon fabric was then used to prepare carbon fabric composites (CFC) by dip-coating in a phenolic resin and the relative mass content of carbon fabric in the carbon fabric composites is 65%. The friction and wear behaviors of the carbon fabric composites were evaluated with a Xuanwu-III high temperature friction and wear tester, and their mechanical properties were evaluated on a Shimadzu™ universal materials testing machine, respectively. The changes in the chemical compositions of the unmodified and modified carbon fabrics were analyzed by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The morphologies of the worn surfaces of the unmodified and modified carbon fabric composites were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the friction-reduction and anti-wear properties of the carbon fabric composites were improved by anodic oxidation, plasma bombardment, and strong HNO₃ etching, so were the mechanical properties and load-carrying capacity. The composite made of the carbon fabric modified with anodic oxidation showed the best tribological and mechanical properties, and the one made of the carbon fabric etched with HNO₃ had the poorest tribological and mechanical properties among the three kinds of the tested composites. The active groups were produced during the oxidation process, which contributed to strengthen the bonding strength between the carbon fabric and the adhesive and hence to improve the tribological and mechanical properties of the composites made of the modified carbon fabric. The friction and wear properties of the carbon fabric composites were closely dependent on the environmental temperature. Namely, the wear rates of the composites at elevated temperature above 180 °C were much larger than that below 180 °C, which was attributed to the degradation and decomposition of the adhesive resin at excessively elevated temperature. Moreover, the composite made of the carbon fabric modified with anodic oxidation had better thermal stability than the one made of the unmodified carbon fabrics.     

纳米纤维素晶体和柠檬酸改性聚乙烯醇薄膜的制备及性能

以球形纳米纤维素晶体(NCC)作增强相、柠檬酸作交联剂对聚乙烯醇(PVA)进行改性,制备了PVA/NCC纳米复合薄膜和柠檬酸交联PVA/NCC纳米复合薄膜。通过热重分析、差热分析、吸水实验和拉伸实验考察了NCC的添加和柠檬酸的交联对薄膜热性能、耐水性和力学性能的影响。结果表明,与纯PVA薄膜相比,改性PVA薄膜的起始分解温度升高、熔融/结晶峰向高温方向移动、吸水率降低;只用NCC或柠檬酸对PVA改性时,所得PVA/NCC纳米复合薄膜、柠檬酸交联PVA薄膜的力学性能均对环境湿度敏感;同时用NCC(m(NCC)/m(PVA)=6/100)和柠檬酸(m(柠檬酸)/m(PVA)=3/100或m(柠檬酸)/m(PVA)=4.5/100)对PVA改性时,所得柠檬酸交联PVA/NCC纳米复合薄膜的力学性能不随环境湿度变化。     

Effect of nanoclays on physico-mechanical properties and adhesion of polyester-based polyurethane nanocomposites: structure–property correlations

Polyester–polyurethane nanocomposites based on unmodified and modified montmorillonite clays were compared in terms of their morphology, mechanical, thermal, and adhesive properties. Excellent dispersion of the modified nanoclay in polymer with 3 wt% loading was confirmed from X-ray diffraction, and low-, and high-magnification transmission electron micrographs. The properties of the clay-reinforced polyurethane nanocomposites were a function of nature and the content of clay in the matrix. The nanocomposite containing 3 wt% modified clay exhibits excellent improvement in tensile strength (by ~100%), thermal stability (20 °C higher), storage modulus at 25 °C (by ~135%), and adhesive properties (by ~300%) over the pristine polyurethane.     

丁苯胶/甲基丙烯酸锌/气相法白炭黑纳米复合材料

制备了三相纳米复合材料SBR／ZDMA／气相法白炭黑。采用了两种气相法白炭黑,U—fumed silica是一种未改性的气相法白炭黑,M—fumed silica是一种采用硅烷偶联剂Si69表面改性的气相法白炭黑。主要研究了气相法白炭黑和ZDMA之间的协同补强效应。研究结果显示,单独添加同样份数的改性气相法白炭黑和未改性气相法白炭黑对硫化胶物理机械性能的影响不同,改性气相法白炭黑的效果明显优于未改性气相法白炭黑。单独添加气相法白炭黑,体系的物理机械性能仍然维持在较低值。当同时添加气相法白炭黑和ZDMA时,会观察到明显的协同补强效应。交联密度和丙酮抽出试验表明对气相法白炭黑进行表面改性和在体系中添加ZDMA均会减弱气相法白炭黑表面羟基的影响。扫描电镜显示改性后气相法白炭黑在SBR中的分散性得到提高。在体系中添加ZDMA会提高气相法白炭黑的分散性。     

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AROMATIC AND ALIPHATIC BISMALEIMIDES TO PRODUCE MODIFIED SILICONIZED EPOXY INTERCROSSLINKED MATRICES FOR ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS

A novel hybrid intercrosslinked network of hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane modified epoxy and bismaleimides [N,N'-bismaleimido-4,4'-diphenylmethane and 1,6-bis(maleimido)hexane] matrix systems were developed. Epoxy resin was modified with 5, 10, and 15% (wt%) of hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane using γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane as crosslinking agent and dibutyltindilaurate as catalyst. The reaction between hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane and epoxy resin was confirmed by IR spectral studies. The siliconized epoxy systems were further modified with 5, 10, and 15% (wt%) of both aromatic and aliphatic bismaleimides separately. The castings and E-glass fiber-reinforced composites prepared were characterized for their mechanical properties. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the matrix samples were also performed to determine the glass transition temperature (T_g) and thermal degradation temperature of the hybrid intercrosslinked systems. Data obtained from mechanical studies and thermal characterization indicate that the introduction of siloxane into epoxy resin improves the toughness and thermal stability, with reduction in strength and modulus values. The incorporation of aromatic bismaleimide into epoxy resin improved both tensile strength and thermal properties, whereas it was observed that the incorporation up to 5% of aliphatic bismaleimide into epoxy resin decreased the stress-strain value and above 5% increased the strength properties. However, the introduction of both aromatic and aliphatic bismaleimides (aromatic and aliphatic) into siliconized epoxy resin influenced both mechanical and thermal properties according to the percentage content.     

纤维增强发泡保温复合材料的制备与性能

为了增强玻化微珠/水泥发泡保温复合材料的力学性能和保温性能,通过掺加改性物理泡沫降低发泡保温复合材料的密度和导热系数,采用改性纤维对发泡保温复合材料进行增强。研究了纤维增强发泡保温复合材料的力学性能和耐水性能,并利用扫描电镜对试样内部微观形貌进行观察,探讨了改性泡沫和改性纤维对发泡保温复合材料的增强机制。结果表明,掺加泡沫明显降低了发泡保温复合材料的密度和导热系数,当泡沫掺量为1.05 mL/g时,试样密度和导热系数分别为186 kg/m³和0.056 W/（m·K）。泡沫改性可有效改善发泡保温复合材料的强度和软化系数,掺加改性泡沫试样的抗折强度、抗压强度和软化系数较掺加乳胶粉试样的分别提高了21.05%、21.43%和13.56%。改性纤维可显著提高发泡保温复合材料的强度和软化系数,掺加改性纤维试样的抗折强度、抗压强度和软化系数较掺加未改性纤维试样的分别提高了25.93%、13.51%和8.33%。     

蒙脱土改性PU/EP IPN的研究

本文通过端异氰酸酯基聚氨酯预聚体与环氧树脂E-51形成了互穿网络,并通过热重分析仪(TGA)研究了完全固化后的互穿网络的热分解行为;透射电镜研究了IPN的相分离行为及用拉伸强度,断裂伸长率对其进行了力学性能的表征.结果表明,经过环氧树脂改性的聚氨酯的耐热性能比纯聚氨酯得到了提高,且力学性能也有所改善.并选取性能较好的PU/EP IPN,用纳米级有机蒙脱土对其进行了改性.研究发现,经有机纳米蒙脱土改性的PU/EP IPN的力学性能及耐热性有了进一步的提高.     

聚乙二醇改性相变微胶囊制备MicroPCMs-WF/HDPE复合材料物理力学性能

以正十二烷醇（DA）为芯材,密胺树脂（MF）和聚乙二醇改性密胺（PMF）树脂为壁材制备了相变微胶囊（MicroPCMs）,并分别添加到木粉/高密度聚乙烯（WF/HDPE）复合材料中,获得了具有相变蓄热能力的MicroPCMs-WF/HDPE复合材料。采用SEM、FTIR和纳米压痕等方法对MicroPCMs的表面形态、力学性能进行了分析与表征,同时对MicroPCMs-WF/HDPE复合材料的物理力学及热性能进行了测试。结果表明:经聚乙二醇改性后,改性微胶囊（PMF-MicroPCMs）的弹性模量和硬度较未改性微胶囊（MF-MicroPCMs）分别增加了13.9%和30.0%;MicroPCMs-WF/HDPE复合材料的熔融温度区间（22.2~28.7℃）满足人体舒适温度范围,较纯WF/HDPE复合材料温度变化速率明显减缓;相比纯WF/HDPE复合材料,MicroPCMs-WF/HDPE复合材料的吸湿性、冲击强度和表面硬度增加,弯曲和拉伸性能下降;PMF-MicroPCMs-WF/HDPE复合材料的性能均优于MF-MicroPCMs-WF/HDPE复合材料,且达到了木塑装饰板材的力学性能标准要求。      

采用混合改性剂改性超细碳酸钙塑料填料

采用油酸-马来酸酐混合改性剂干法改性可用于塑料填料的超细CaCO3粉体,借助拉曼光谱、差热分析、比表面积、粒度分布和流变性等分析手段,对不同改性情况下的CaCO3颗粒表面进行表征。利用万能材料实验机和色差计对填充了改性前后CaCO3粉体的聚乙烯塑料进行力学性能和物理性能测试分析。结果表明:油酸-马来酸酐混合改性剂通过干法改性可以物理吸附在CaCO3颗粒的表面,使得CaCO3粉体的比表面积增大,颗粒表面能、界面张力大大降低并表现出较好的亲油疏水性,制成的石蜡-CaCO3悬浮液的表观黏度大大下降;还可以使聚乙烯塑料具有较好的力学性能,同时聚乙烯塑料具有较高的白度。