Y_2O_3对W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe合金摩擦磨损行为的影响

采用高能球磨和放电等离子体烧结技术联合制备W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe-xY_2O_3高密度合金,利用洛氏硬度计、X射线衍射仪、往复式摩擦磨损试验机、三维轮廓仪等对合金的显微组织、力学性能和摩擦磨损行为进行研究。结果表明:适量稀土氧化物Y_2O_3掺杂,可以有效抑制烧结过程中晶粒的长大,使黏结相和钨颗粒均匀分布,提高合金的相对密度、硬度及摩擦磨损性能。当过量添加Y_2O_3时,Y_2O_3易于在晶界处偏聚,抑制晶粒长大效果减弱,合金的力学性能和摩擦性能均出现不同程度的下降;因此,Y_2O_3添加应适量,而当其添加量为0.4%(质量分数)时,合金综合性能最优。     

形变量和时效对Al-Cu-Li合金组织性能的影响

为了改善铝合金的力学性能,利用形变和时效工艺提高Al-3.5Cu-1.5Li-0.12Zr合金的强度和塑性.采用TEM观察和室温拉伸试验等手段,研究了形变量和时效工艺对含钪Al-3.5Cu-1.5Li-0.12Zr合金微观组织与拉伸性能的影响.结果表明,时效前的变形能促进T1(Al2CuLi)相弥散细小析出,显著提高合金强度,使时效峰值提前.合金强度随形变量和时效时间增加而增加,到峰值后,随形变量增加和时效时间的延长,T1相长大粗化,合金强度和塑性降低.该合金合宜的形变量和时效工艺为3.5%预变形和160℃/24 h时效.     

W-35%Cu粉末形变强化复合材料组织及性能研究

为了提高W-Cu复合材料的致密度,采用机械球磨-冷压制坯-液相烧结-热静液挤压-热处理工艺,制备出微观组织弥散分布、性能优异的W-35%Cu复合材料.采用扫描电镜、电子探针等测试手段分别对烧结及挤压后材料的组织及性能进行了分析.实验结果表明,采用机械球磨技术制备的W-35%Cu复合粉,经液相活化烧结后,再经热静液挤压进一步形变和致密,材料的硬度以及导电性能都有较大提高.在800℃真空热处理2 h后,获得了硬度高于200HB,电导率高于40m/Ω·mm2的W-35%Cu形变复合材料.     

形变热处理对ZK60合金组织与性能的影响

研究了预变形和时效处理对ZK60合金拉压不对称性和微观组织的影响,并对析出相的种类以及与基体的取向关系进行了表征。结果表明,时效处理可以不同程度地降低ZK60合金的拉压屈服强度之比,且在时效时间为10 h时拉压屈服强度之比取得最小值(1.02),此时孪晶长大与退孪晶变形所需的激活应力相当;■拉伸孪晶内析出相由单斜晶系Mg_4Zn_7相和六方晶体结构的MgZn_2相组成,其中,单斜晶系Mg_4Zn_7相与■拉伸孪晶存在[010]_(Mg_4Zn_7)//[0001]_(twin)且■以及[010]_(Mg_4ZN_7)//[0001]_(twin)且■的取向关系,而六方晶体结构的MgZn_2相与■拉伸孪晶存在■且■的取向关系。     

二级时效形变对Cu-Cr-Zr-Mg合金组织与性能影响研究

采用力学性能和电导率测试及透射电子显微镜等方法,研究了不同时效工艺对Cu-0.45Cr-0.15Zr-0.05Mg合金硬度和电导率等性能的影响规律。结果表明:合金在一级时效工艺(950℃×1h固溶+70%冷变形+520℃×2.5h时效)下有很强的时效强化效应,合金的显微硬度和电导率分别为155HV和85%IACS;采用二级时效工艺(950℃×1h固溶+70%冷变形+520℃×2h时效+60%冷变形+450℃×2h时效),合金在保持较高的电导率的同时强度得到较大提高。显微硬度为190HV,比一级时效提高了22.5%,而电导率保持在80%左右。显微组织分析表明,高强度主要来源于冷变形引起的亚结构强化和弥散相的析出强化。二级时效工艺可促进析出相的析出,析出的弥散质点对基体的回复和再结晶阻碍作用强烈。析出相与冷变形过程中产生的位错交互作用使析出相不仅阻碍位错的运动而且沿密集且分布均匀的位错快速析出,促进合金强度提高。     

Mg的添加对Al-Cu-Li-Zn-Mn-Zr合金组织和性能的影响

本文研究了Mg的添加对Al-Cu-Li-Zn-Mn-Zr合金力学性能和微观时效组织的影响.实验结果表明,无论是T6处理还是T8处理,合金中添加Mg,在延伸率几乎不损失甚至稍有提高的基础上,明显提高了合金强度,加快了时效硬化速率,使峰值时效时间提前.透射电镜观察表明:加Mg的合金,T1相的析出数量明显增多,密度增大,且更细小弥散.随Mg含量的增加,这种趋势更明显.另外,在T6处理下添加Mg促进T1相的弥散析出作用更加明显,从而减少了T6和T8处理的强度差别.     

形变及热处理对Cu-Ag合金性能的影响

本文通过对Cu-Ag合金进行大形变量拉伸及热处理,制成具有高强度、高导电率的纤维增强复合材[1].在此基础上,研究了形变及热处理对Cu-Ag合金力学性能、电学性能的影响.并通过对Cu-Ag合金初态、终态组织的分析,初步解释了其中的强化机理.     

纳米晶钨粉对液相烧结93W合金组织性能影响

采用高能机械球磨方法制备了超细钨粉,经冷等静压和1465℃分解氨气氛中液相烧结制得高密度钨合金.研究了纳米晶亚微米颗粒钨粉对烧结态93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe高密度钨合金微观组织及性能的影响.研究表明:采用超细钨粉与低温液相烧结技术,获得了高相对密度(大于99.7%)的烧结态高密度钨合金,且细钨颗粒组织均匀分布于粘结相中;与采用亚微米颗粒钨粉的烧结态钨合金相比较,不仅微观组织弥散分布,而且具有较高的力学性能;液相烧结态钨合金的力学性能主要与原始钨粉粒度及烧结温度有关.     

C合金化对AlCrFeCoNi2.1共晶高熵合金微观组织和拉伸性能的影响

目的 为了显著提高AlCrFeCoNi2.1共晶高熵合金的室温力学性能,利用C合金化的方法研究不同碳含量对微观组织和室温拉伸性能的作用规律。方法 采用电弧熔炼–滴铸方法制备了不同C含量的(AlCrFeCoNi2.1)–x%C(x=0、1、2、3,原子数分数)共晶高熵合金,利用XRD、SEM和EDS等手段研究了不同C含量下微观组织、相结构和拉伸性能的变化规律。结果 添加C元素后,合金未形成新相,仍然由FCC相和B2相组成,但其微观组织呈现出由层片状向树枝晶转变的特征。随着C含量的增加,屈服强度和抗拉强度增大,但伸长率有一定的降低,其中(AlCrFeCoNi2.1)–3%C(原子数分数)合金的屈服强度可达到791 MPa,抗拉强度可达到1 332 MPa,同时伸长率仍有6.1%,与AlCrFeCoNi2.1合金相比,屈服强度和抗拉强度分别提高了99 MPa和296 MPa。结论 该强化效果主要来源于C原子的固溶强化作用和微观结构的改变。     

Structural evolution of matrix phase for liquid phase sintered 93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe

The structure of the matrix of a two phase heavy alloy, 93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe (wt%), was characterized. The matrix phase was not the expected face centred cubic Ni-Fe-W solid solution with a large grain size reported in the literature. Instead, an amorphous phase containing fine grained crystals as well as intermetallic compounds having different compositions were found. The partition of tungsten from the matrix toward the tungsten phase resulted in formation of different phases in the matrix. Under furnace cooling, the matrix phase was composed of an amorphous phase for the matrix phase remote from the tungsten grain-matrix interfaces, and a strained FeNi intermetallic phase near the interfaces. For specimens solution treated at temperatures between 1000–1400 °C followed by water quenching, an intermetallic phase rich in tungsten, (Ni, Fe) W, evolved and surrounded the tungsten grains in clusters. The relative abundance of this intermetallic phase was highest for a solution treatment temperature of 1400 °C, indicating that the formation of this phase was a result of supersaturation of tungsten in the matrix phase and retarded partition of tungsten from the matrix phase to tungsten grains under a rapid cooling condition.     

微量含Si杂质对W－7Ni－3Fe高比重合金性能的影响

研究了掺杂到原料钨粉中的微量含Ｓｉ杂质（ＳｉＯ２０和Ｎａ２ＳｉＯ３）对Ｗ－７Ｎｉ－３Ｆｅ高比重合金力学性能的影响。结果表明，原料钨粉中的微量含Ｓｉ杂质（掺杂量＜０．０１％）可使合金的抗拉强度，延伸率及冲击韧性有所提高。通过对合金试样断口形貌的扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）观察及时试样断口表面的Ｘ射线光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）分析发现，在未掺杂试样的断口表面存在少量的薄膜状ＷＯ２，掺杂微量含Ｓｉ杂质可以消除ＷＯ２薄膜。     

液力挤压钨合金的微观破断特征及变形强化机制

研究了93钨合金材料不同液力挤压的微观破断过程及变形强化机制.结果表明,裂纹的扩展首先萌生于合金中最薄弱的部位,即钨颗粒与钨颗粒的界面之间.随着挤压变形量的增大,裂纹的传播途径由粘结相向钨颗粒转移,所带来的最终效果是微观组织的"纤维化"和钨颗粒的穿晶解理比例越来越大,最终导致钨合金整体强度不断提高.同时在挤压过程中,合金组成相中的位错密度随变形量的增加而不断增大,钨颗粒与粘结相及钨颗粒之间的界面成为位错滑移的障碍,位错在滑移过程中遇到界面的障碍而不断地塞积,导致W-M界面结合强度及W-W界面结合强度增大,最终使得合金的变形抗力增大,合金的强度增大.     

Influence of deformation process on microstructure and properties of 2014 aluminium alloy

The comparisons of forging-extrusion multistage hot deformation, forging and extrusion hot deformation processes on microstructure, mechanical property and impact toughness of 2014 Al alloy have been investigated. Results showed that the strength and impact toughness of the samples under forging-low extrusion multistage deformation process were significantly improved compared with that under forging deformation process due to the formation of smaller insoluble particles, finer grains and higher density of matrix precipitates. However, the strength and impact toughness of the samples under forging-extrusion multistage hot deformation process are lower than that under extrusion hot deformation process. The strengthening and fracture mechanisms with different deformation process have been discussed in detailed.     

Effects of various strengthening methods on the properties of Cu–Ti–B alloys

A copper alloy of Cu–1.9?wt-%Ti–0.7?wt-%B was fabricated by vacuum induction melting and casting followed by cold working and annealing. Four strengthening methods has been involved during the preparation of the alloy, and the combined action of these methods results in the alloy with the tensile strength of 530?±?24?MPa and the electrical conductivity (EC) of 48.0?±?2.1% International Annealed Copper Standard. The specific contribution (or deterioration) of different strengthening methods to hardness and EC was quantitatively evaluated. With regard to combined properties of Cu–Ti–B alloys, age hardening and forming TiB₂ particles are two effective methods to improve hardness and to maintain EC at a relatively high level simultaneously, but solid solution strengthening and work hardening are two inferior strengthening methods.     

钛氮合金的铸态组织与性能

采用熔铸工艺法制备了含氮量为0.045%～0.27%的原位自生氮化物增强钛基复合材料,分析并测试了合金的铸态组织和力学性能.研究结果表明:在Ti-N合金中,随着氮含量的增加,合金中氮化物的形态和相组成发生了明显的改变;当氮含量在0.045%～0.18%时,合金的基体为α-Ti,增强相为TiN0.3;氮含量增加到0.225%时,增强相转变为块状Ti2N;复合材料的硬度、抗压强度和弹性模量均高于纯钛基体且随着氮含量的增加而增加;当增强相由TiN0.3转变为Ti2N时,抗压强度显著增加;由压缩断口分析可知,基体为韧性断裂,随着氮含量增加合金由韧窝 解理断口向具有解理特征的脆性断裂转变.     

Cyclic stress response and deformation behaviour of precipitation-hardened aluminium-lithium alloys

The cyclic stress response of two lithium-containing aluminium alloys aged to contain ordered precipitates was studied in different environments over a range of plastic strains. The specimens were cycled using tension-compression loading under total strain control. The peak-aged Al---Li---Mn alloy cyclically hardened to failure, whereas the peak-aged Al---Li---Cu alloy displayed softening for most of the fatigue life. The presence of shearable softening for most of the fatigue life. The presence of shearable precipitates in the two alloys results in a local decrease in resistance to dislocation movement, leading to a progressive loss of ordering contributions to hardening and slip concentration. This, coupled with the presence of precipitate free zones, promotes strain localization in intense slip bands and results in early crack nucleation. Transmission electron microscopy observations revealed homogeneous deformation in specimens cycled at high plastic strain amplitudes. However, at lower plastic strain amplitudes, deformation was inhomogeneous in the two alloy systems with the formation of intense planar slip bands. Results of this study reveal that the initial hardening observed is due to dislocation-dislocation and dislocation-precipitate interaction and that the softening observed in the Al---Li---Cu alloy is a mechanical and not an environmental effect.