超声波强化热风干燥梨片的干燥特性

为探讨超声波对常规热风干燥的强化效应,本实验以梨片为研究对象,进行气介超声波强化热风干燥的研究。结果表明：超声波传播能量随超声波辐射距离的延长而显著衰减,缩短超声波辐射距离有利于提高超声波能量利用率及干燥速率。提高干燥温度及超声波功率均有利于提高干燥速率及缩短干燥时间,超声波对干燥速率的强化效应在干燥初期较为明显,但随物料含水率的下降而有所减弱。有效水分扩散系数的范围为3.21×10－10～7.43×10－10 m2/s,且随干燥温度及超声波功率的提高而增大。将气介超声波应用于梨片的热风干燥,可获得显著的强化效果,实现干燥速率的有效提高。     

超声渗透脱水-热风干燥梨的研究

超声波的空化效应及机械效应可有效增强脱水过程中物料内外的质量传递速率,因此超声波技术可用于果蔬渗透脱水的强化,而超声渗透脱水又常作为其他干燥方式的预处理以提高脱水速率。本研究以砀山梨梨片为实验材料,进行超声波渗透脱水预处理联合热风干燥研究。结果表明：提高超声功率及渗透液糖度可显著增加失重率;与直接热风干燥相比,单一的渗透脱水预处理延长总脱水时间约30～60 min;而超声渗透脱水预处理可缩短热风干燥的干燥时间40～120 min,并提高有效水分扩散系数11%～56%。因此,在热风干燥前进行超声渗透脱水预处理,可有效缩短总工艺时间,提高干燥效率。     

Postharvest Ultrasound‐Assisted Freeze‐Thaw Pretreatment Improves the Drying Efficiency,Physicochemical Properties,and Macamide Biosynthesis of Maca (Lepidium meyenii)

A novel technique of ultrasound‐assisted freeze‐thaw pretreatment (UFP) was developed to improve the drying efficiency of maca and bioactive amide synthesis in maca. The optimal UFP conditions are ultrasonic processing 90 min at 30 °C with 6 freeze‐thaw cycles. Samples with freeze‐thaw pretreatment (FP), ultrasound pretreatment (UP), and UFP were prepared for further comparative study. A no pretreatment (NP) sample was included as a control. The results showed that UFP improved the drying efficiency of maca slices, showing the highest effective moisture diffusivity (1.75 × 10^?9 m²/s). This result was further supported by low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF‐NMR) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The rehydration capacity and protein content of maca slices were improved by UFP. More importantly, contents of bioactive macamides and their biosynthetic precursors were increased in 2.5‐ and 10‐fold, respectively. In conclusion, UFP is an efficient technique to improve drying efficiency, physicochemical properties, and bioactive macamides of maca, which can be applied in the industrial manufacture of maca products.