国内外地下水污染研究的现状及发展趋势

分析了国内外地下水污染的研究现状,总结了国内外的研究成果,并归纳了目前研究中存在的问题,指明了地下水污染今后的研究方向,促使研究工作向新的深度和广度发展。     

Impacts of Sewers on Groundwater Quality

This paper summarizes the findings of a recent research project on groundwater contamination from leaking sewers, which was completed for the Construction Industry Research and Information Association. Fifty-four incidents were identified in England and Wales from a combined questionnaire survey and literature review. In addition to recorded incidents, the poor quality of many urban groundwaters suggests some effects from leaking sewers. Age is considered to be the most significant characteristic governing leakage from sewers; ground conditions (predominantly aquifer vulnerability) and usage (private versus public ownership) are also important factors relating to the likelihood of groundwater pollution from leaking sewers. Recommended strategies for reducing groundwater contamination include (a) modification of existing criteria for the service performance grading of existing sewers, (b) improved construction of new sewers in appropriate areas, (c) increased groundwater monitoring, and (d) risk assessments for new groundwater sources.     

运用调查监测数据对北京农业面源污染现状分析与评价

农业面源污染已成为三大环境污染之一,严重制约了农业和社会的可持续发展。本文对几种不同地质类别区域的地下水农田灌溉水质和农用地土壤环境质量污染特征因子开展监测,对调查所得地下水及土壤监测数据进行分析评价。     

Contamination of the Chalk Aquifer by Chlorinated Solvents: A Case Study of the Luton and Dunstable Area

A detailed investigation of contamination by chlorinated solvents of the Chalk Aquifer underlying the towns of Luton and Dunstable was undertaken to assess the extent, causes and mechanisms of pollution. The research programme incorporated land-use surveys, regional groundwater surveys, monitoring of groundwater abstraction points and aquifer profiling by means of the drilling of observation boreholes, the analysis of the recovered core material and the depth sampling of these and other boreholes.
Low-level solvent contamination of the Chalk Aquifer was found to be widespread with 'hotspots'of higher concentrations. At the drilling sites, both the saturated and unsaturated zones were contaminated with solvents, although free product was not observed. The presence of an additional contaminant, oil, at some sites was noted to influence the distribution of solvents within the aquifer.
Clean-up of the aquifer is not a practical option, and treatment of the groundwater at the abstraction points has been adopted.     

城市区域地下水非点源污染监测系统

阐述了在城市区域设立地下水非点源污染监测系统的重要性及作用,简单介绍了国外城市区域地下水水质监测系统的布置及成果,并提出了建立该系统的方法．     

废弃农膜对环境的污染防治及检测研究

我国全年地膜使用量达到几十万吨。废弃农膜如果不及时处理,对于环境可能造成严重的污染。分析废弃农膜对土壤环境的污染,提出防治污染的有效对策,对废弃农膜残留进行检测分析并实施科学管理,将会降低可能产生土壤污染问题,提升废弃农膜的综合再利用水平。     

三氯乙烯污染地下水和土壤的修复

三氯乙烯(TCE)在工业生产中的大规模使用,使其成为地下水和土壤中分布最为广泛的污染物之一。为此综述了TCE污染地下水和土壤的修复方法,包括抽出处理和原位修复,其中原位修复包括原位化学氧化、原位电动修复、原位生物修复以及渗透反应格栅技术。     

Mechanisms of Groundwater Pollution by Pesticides

An increasing number of pesticide compounds are being detected in groundwater supplies worldwide. There has, nevertheless, been little research into the mechanisms by which such pollution occurs and the routes via which pesticides move from the land surface into aquifers. In view of the potential time-lag in the response of groundwater systems to pollution inputs, such knowledge is essential if the current situation is to be appraised adequately and if any necessary controls on pesticide use are to be introduced.
From basic data on the physicochemical properties of pesticide compounds and on groundwater flow and pollutant transport in the principal British aquifers, some useful observations can be made about the relative significance of different mechanisms of potential groundwater pollution. These mechanisms and their implications for field research on pesticide pollution of groundwater are discussed. This problem is compared and contrasted to that of nitrate pollution from agricultural land-use practices.     

石家庄市地下水氮污染检测分析

石家庄市地下水的污染问题制约着该地区的经济发展,而地下水的氮污染和硬度升高是石家庄市地下水环境污染的主要问题。氮在地下水中的主要存在形式是NH3、NO2-和NO3-。根据数据采集与实验分析,得出市区的氮污染现状及污染趋势,为该地区地下水保护提供了依据。     

新农村建设中的环境问题及对策初探

针对农村建设中环境问题未得到重视的情况,从农业、工业、居民生活三方面总结了现阶段农村建设发展中存在的典型污染问题,并提出相应的解决办法,从而提高新农村环境质量。     

地下水石油污染曝气修复理论探讨

介绍了地下水曝气技术的概念,并从地下水曝气过程中污染物传质机理、溶质转换机理以及溶质运移机理三个方面讨论了地下水石油类有机污染曝气治理的基本原理,旨在解决地下水石油类有机污染问题,并对开展地下水石油类污染修复治理理论与技术研究具有重要意义。     

呼市某住宅建筑地下水源热泵系统的应用探讨

本文针对呼和浩特市某节能住宅建筑所在地区的地下水资源状况,介绍了抽水回灌试验,分析了选用地下水源热泵系统的技术可行性.而后将地下水源热泵与常规系统相比,进行了经济性分析.结果表明,该建筑采用地下水源热泵系统在技术和经济上都是可行的.     

水体污染及其经济损益分析

针对我国水环境逐渐恶化的现状,通过对水体污染物质种类及其污染特性进行了分析,提出了水体污染的经济损益分析方法,以提高人们对水污染的重视,减少水体污染对经济造成的损失,使其能够\"可持续发展\"。     

地下水流与水质联合数值模拟应用研究

随着社会的不断发展,工业、农业和人类生活中的废弃物很多,特别是城市工业废水的大量排放,农药化肥的广泛应用,致使许多地区的地下水受到不同程度的污染。基于水动力弥散的水质模型,采用多单元均衡法（MEB）,利用VC++语言编写地下水流与水质数值模拟联合通用程序,实现程序可视化。结合实际算例,利用该程序对地下水流与水质的输运机理进行数值模拟研究,发现该程序人机对话良好,可操控性高;为地下水资源的合理开发、保护和利用进行数值模拟提供了依据。     

Land-Surface Zoning for Groundwater Protection

A procedure for land-surface zoning, related to the protection of groundwater against both point and diffuse pollution, is described. The procedure is based upon two independent elements:
(i) Division of the entire land surface on the basis of the aquifer pollution vulnerability, which relates to protection of groundwater resources; and
(ii) A series of special protection areas for individual sources, in which various potentially polluting activities are either prohibited or strictly controlled.
The procedure is hydrogeologically based, but not so complex as to be unworkable in practice. For resource protection three classes of formation type are defined, with a further subdivision on the basis of depth to saturated aquifer. In the case of diffuse pollution, it will also be necessary to consider the nature of the soil cover in the area where the polluting activity occurs. For source protection, up to four special protection areas are specified, and the criteria used to define them are discussed.     

矿石淋滤水对地下水污染影响的模拟预测

本文利用地下水数值模拟软件GMS,研究矿石淋滤水对地下水污染的影响。模拟在非正常状况下,矿石经雨水淋滤后,淋滤液中的污染物直接穿透包气带进入地下水运移的情景。经预测,泄漏的污染物铁经过运移后出现短暂超标现象,超标范围未出研究区范围,没有对下游敏感点造成影响。随着时间的推移,污染物在地下水的对流、弥散作用下,污染晕中心浓度逐渐降低,污染晕范围逐渐扩大,直至低于限值。研究成果可为该区的地下水保护措施提供依据。     

喀什某医院地源热泵系统实测分析

以喀什某医院门诊楼地下水地源热泵系统作为研究对象,对该系统夏季和冬季运行工况进行了短期的测试和分析。结果表明:系统夏季在29%负荷下运行时就能达到制冷运行的标准能效比;冬季满负荷运行时能达到系统Ⅰ级能效标准,节能效果明显。经济分析表明,运行4.4年就可回收额外增加的初投资,经济效益良好;系统能很好地解决市政热网的供暖空白期等问题,具有良好的社会和环境效益。     

垃圾渗滤液在不同介质中迁移转化规律

在实验室中,通过土柱对比实验研究了渗滤液污染组分总氮、TOC在不同介质中的迁移转化规律。实验结果表明：砂土对总氮、TOC的衰减率大于细砂对其衰减量,咸水对地下环境中总氮、TOC的衰减率有阻碍作用。