碳纤维多轴向经编复合材料的应用与发展

本文阐述了碳纤维多轴向经编织物及其复合材料的发展及生产状况;说明了碳纤维多轴向经编织物的结构、国外相关织造设备的特点以及国内碳纤维多轴向经编机的研发进展;介绍了碳纤维多轴向经编复合材料在航空航天领域、能源开发领域、汽车制造领域的应用现状以及在该领域内最新产品的生产情况;分析总结了碳纤维原料生产和碳纤维多轴向经编复合材料产业链中存在的问题,根据行业现状对我国碳纤维多轴向经编复合材料的未来发展提出设想并进行展望。     

碳纤维及其复合材料的应用

介绍了碳纤维的特性、生产技术与装备、生产现状及其复合材料的多领域应用。指出了我国碳纤维发展中存在的问题,及未来我国碳纤维的市场需求和发展方向。     

碳纤维锁定六大发展领域

<正>碳纤维及复合材料产业在我国目前的发展近况如何?近日,中国碳纤维及复合材料产业发展联盟在北京召开专题会议,重点交流了如何加强碳纤维上下游产业链合作,解决碳纤维及复合材料应用瓶颈,制定和完善标准规范等重点问题。会议议定将在航空航天、风电装备、电力传输、轨道交通、汽车、土木工程六个领域建立碳纤维产业化应用的专项工作组,并委托中国航空工业集团公司、中国复合材料集     

碳纤维多层角联机织装备及技术

碳纤维复合材料是航空航天、国家防御、能源、交通、造船、建筑等高技术领域的重要基础材料。＂碳纤维多层角联机织装备及技术研发＂是国家＂十二五＂科技支撑计划＂碳纤维多层织造装备及技术研发＂重点项目子课题。项目重点研究开发碳纤维多轴向经编机及技术、多层角联机织装备及技术和立体管状织造装备及技术,实现碳纤维多轴向织物、多层厚重织物、立体异形织物、管状多层织物等新型复合材料骨架的机械化、自动化、批量化生产,提高碳纤维复合材料产品质量、降低生产成本,提升我国产业用纺织品和复合材料的自主创新能力。     

碳纤维纸基复合材料研究进展

碳纤维纸基复合材料是使用短切碳纤维与植物纤维或含有羟基等功能基团的纤维,通过湿法造纸工艺制备的具有特殊性能的功能复合材料,在导电、电磁屏蔽,导热,摩擦及电极等领域均已得到应用。随着应用推广的不断深入,引入碳纳米管/石墨烯的碳纤维纸基复合材料的研究和开发也逐渐成为研究热点。本文对近年国内外碳纤维纸基复合材料的研究进展进行了归纳总结,以期为碳纤维纸基复合材料的研究开发提供参考。     

碳纤维复合材料研究进展及其应用

碳纤维材料兼具碳材料的固有优势和纺织纤维的柔韧性,还可以与金属、树脂、陶瓷等材料结合,制作成纤维复合材料。高性能碳纤维及其复合材料具有低密度、高强度、高模量、抗冲击、抗疲劳、耐高温、耐腐蚀等优异性能。碳纤维及其复合材料凭借其独有的优势,已经广泛应用于多个行业。综述碳纤维及其复合材料在新能源、航空航天、能源开发、交通运输、家居等领域的研究进展及应用,并总结了碳纤维复合材料在使用过程中存在的问题。     

PAN基碳纤维的国内外发展现状及趋势

碳纤维是一种新型的高性能纤维材料,在国民经济和国防工业中具有举足轻重的地位,而聚丙烯腈(PAN)基碳纤维是目前碳纤维的主要发展品种。本文就国内外PAN基碳纤维的市场现状进行了探讨,并从生产技术及装备、产品性能及消费、投资等方面对国内外碳纤维生产进行了对比分析,得出:我国PAN基碳纤维在产品质量、应用体系及国产设备等方面与国外先进技术还有一定差距,但在产能及价格方面有一定优势。同时提出我国PAN基碳纤维发展的重点及难点在于关键装备的国产化、高性能碳纤维制备的工程化以及复合材料的应用。     

国内碳纤维产业发展存在的问题与对策

分析了国内外碳纤维行业的发展现状,指出我国碳纤维产业存在产业模式单一、关键技术落后、生产成本过高和工程实践创新能力不足等问题。提出以提升自主创新能力,培育应用市场,完善产业链建设的三项措施,重点解决制约产业发展的关键技术及装备制造问题,争取国家支持,推动碳纤维产业链建设,形成碳纤维复合材料产业集群,链接上下游企业,促进国内碳纤维产业链的健康发展。     

碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料的回收及其再利用研究进展

为有效回收碳纤维树脂基复合材料,避免资源浪费和环境污染,综述了热固性和热塑性树脂基碳纤维复合材料的不同回收方法及其进展,包括物理机械法、热回收法、溶剂解离法、熔融注塑和切片再塑法等,梳理了溶剂解离法的回收思路,介绍了针对碳纤维复合材料回收的可降解热固性树脂及回收方法,阐述了碳纤维增强热塑性树脂的回收机制。总结了目前碳纤维增强热固性树脂回收方法的回收效率低,设备要求高,再生碳纤维性能下降等特点,认为碳纤维增强热塑性树脂具备快速成型、成本低、能够多次回收利用的特点,适于碳纤维复合材料在民用领域大量应用的发展趋势。     

碳纤维在电波屏蔽材料中的应用

介绍电磁辐射的危害及电磁屏蔽材料的发展现状,并分析其电磁屏蔽的原理。综述了碳纤维性能以及碳纤维复合材料在开发电磁屏蔽材料中的应用。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the