大学生科技创新能力培养实践思考

从植物资源学实验教学及其拓展平台定位、植物资源学实验教学及其拓展平台关系、植物资源学实验教学拓展实践、特产经济植物概念渗透与学生科技创新能力培养等方面探讨创新型人才培养的植物资源学教学方法。植物资源学实验教学拓展实践是植物资源学教学有益的补充,将课程教学与实践联系起来,学生更好地理解课程教学所学知识,培养了学生综合素质。在课程教学、指导学生申请大学生创新性实验项目、大学生参与科研项目中培养学生科技创新能力。     

不同专业植物资源学课程的定位与构建

根据各高校开设植物资源学及其相关课程概况,结合本校专业特色构建创新型人才培养的植物资源学教学团队,进行不同专业植物资源学课程的定位与教学实践,构建植物资源学实验教学拓展平台,探索创新型人才培养的植物资源学课程较为适宜的教学方法。     

湖北省富含油脂林木资源调查初报

对湖北省富含油脂林木种质资源状况及其生物学特性进行了调查研究.结果表明,湖北省油脂植物资源丰富,分布广泛,有80科221属365种,其中富含油脂林木有31科54属253种,占总数的70 %左右.湖北省油脂林木以自然野生状态为主,人工引种栽培油料林历史悠久,发展潜力极大,为了充分利用我省富含油脂林木资源的优势,提出了湖北省林木生物质能源植物开发利用的思路和建议.     

行业视角下的课堂教学拓展实践

以植物资源学课程教学为例,进行课堂教学实践。课堂教学中注重林业行业特色教学和轻工业特色教学。以防火植物资源教学和植物资源产品教学为例,进行课堂教学拓展实践。探讨植物资源学课堂教学适宜的教学方法,提高课堂教学质量和学生学习效果。     

药用植物资源的教学实践与拓展

从教学内容安排、药用植物资源与天然产物、药用植物资源教学拓展以及创新思维训练角度进行植物资源学课程中药用植物资源的教学实践,对药用资源植物如人参（Panax ginseng）和短叶红豆杉（Taxus brevifolia）进行教学拓展实践,探讨创新思维训练途径,培养大学生创新能力。     

贵州毛萼香茶菜精油的初步提取试验

毛萼香茶菜为唇形科香茶菜属多年生草本植物,全草富含芳香油。本试验分別对该植物在不同时期、不同部位初步进行了芳香油的含量测定。结果表明,毛萼香茶菜全草秋季含油率最高,达0.46％,叶片含油率为0.75％,大大高于其他部位。可望成为一种有开发利用前景的芳香植物资源。     

植物油脂基压敏胶的研究进展及动态

以天然可再生的植物油脂为原料制备压敏胶是解决目前石油基压敏胶基料资源短缺和环境问题的有效途径，也是目前学术研究和应用开发的热点之一。笔者综述了近年来国内外研究者在植物油脂基压敏胶方面的研究进展，按照植物油基高分子的种类(环氧树脂、丙烯酸树脂、脂肪酸衍生物、聚酯及聚氨酯等)进行了分类，重点总结了植物油脂基压敏胶基体的设计思路以及改性方法，在此基础上探讨了植物油脂基压敏胶改性研究方向(包括功能型植物油单体的开发、聚合物结构的优化等)，以期为设计发展新型的生物基压敏胶材料提供可行的理论与参考。     

新疆芳香油资源与开发利用

新疆野生芳香油植物有新塔花(小叶薄荷)、百里香、野薄荷、败浆、麻黄、雪莲、霍香、玫瑰花、沙枣花、青蒿等。家种的芳香油植物虽然种类不多，但是效果显。     

中国生物柴油技术开发及应用进展

综述了目前我国制备生物柴油的主要廉价原料资源即基因改造植物油脂、废弃油脂和微生物油脂,并介绍了现阶段我国生物柴油的酯交换技术开发和应用现状,而且对生物柴油的发展前景进行了展望,指出必须走出一条符合我国国情的生物柴油发展道路。     

药用植物亲缘学在我国化妆品植物原料开发中的应用前景展望

从我国化妆品产业及原料开发现状出发，分析了我国化妆品产业发展尤其是原料的开发创新与发达国家之间存在的差距和潜在优势。基于药用植物亲缘学理论在中药及传统药物资源开发中的成功应用实践，提出以药用植物亲缘学理论为指导，充分利用我国丰富的植物资源和传统医药优势，积极开发化妆品植物新原料的新思路和实施路径，对于扩大已使用化妆品植物原料资源来源、指导化妆品新植物原料的寻找和开发、寻找国外原料的替代品和帮助警示有潜在风险的植物原料具有重要价值，可为快速提高我国化妆品科技创新实力，实现产业高质量发展提供有效支撑。     

Lipids from Wastewater-Activated Sludge Cultivated on Acetic Acid as Potential Alternatives to High-Value Oils and Fats

This study focuses on new interpretations of the published literature by statistically evaluating the potential of microbial lipids from activated sludge (AS) as alternatives to high-value oils and fats. There are two data analysis stages involved in this study after compilation and organization of fatty acid profiles from the literature databases: (1) comparison of fatty acid profiles of the cultivated AS lipids with that of oils and fats found in the literature databases, and (2) hierarchical cluster analysis of the fatty acids of the combined dataset of literature oils and fats, and the AS lipids. Results show that fatty acid profiles of lipids from cultivated AS were similar to the fatty acid profiles of some oils and fats of plant, animal, single-microbial cultures, and algal origins; hence, lipids from AS could be potential alternatives to specialty oils and fats. The cultivation conditions of AS during lipid content enhancement may influence lipid application.     

Electric conductivity test for quality assessment of aromatic and medicinal plants after drying

For the production of essential oils and aromatics to be possible throughout the year, it is necessary to continuously supply the plant raw material to the industry or store the plant material for a designated time. However, to allow the plant material to remain in storage with a high quality, it is essential to reduce its water content by drying. This has motivated the oil extraction industries to demand a better yield and quality from the drying process and raw materials, necessitating fast and efficient evaluation parameters. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop an electric conductivity test for evaluating the quality of aromatic and medicinal plants and to quantify the essential oil yield of the dry vegetable material. The drying experiments were conducted at different temperatures and air velocities by altering the control of the drying conditions. Various aromatic plants with different plant mass, volume of deionized water, and temperature of the vegetal material were examined by the electric conductivity test. The qualities of the fresh and dry plants were compared through these tests and yields of essential oil. Increase in the drying air temperature influenced the increase in the dehydration rate of the aromatic and medicinal plants. Higher drying temperatures decreased the physical quality as evaluated by the electric conductivity test and essential oil yield of the aromatic and medicinal plants. The parameters for validation of the electric conductivity test methodology in aromatic and medicinal plants were defined as an exposure time of 33?h, 5?g of fresh plant material in 75?mL of deionized water, 1?g of dry plant material in 50?mL of deionized water, and temperature of 25°C. The electric conductivity test was demonstrated as an appropriate method to be used in the quality control of aromatic plants in essential oil extraction industries. The use of the electric conductivity test will enable the oil extraction industry to monitor the yield and quality of the essential oils extracted from the aromatic plants after drying and storage.     

Untersuchung von Steringemischen V: Die Sterine in Sonnenblumen- und anderen Pflanzenölen

Studies on Sterol Mixtures V: Sterols in Sunflower Oil and Other Plant Oils Sterol mixtures from 21 different plant oils were studied by gas chromatography. Comparison with sterol fractions from seed oils of pure breeding varieties of Helianthus anuus revealed that the quantitative composition is little affected by variety. Furthermore, the variations in fat content, unsaponifiable lipids and in the content and composition of sterol fractions during ripening of the seed were followed. A sterol, which has so far not been reported in sunflower oils, was found and identified as 24-methylene cholesterol.     

A facile synthesis of aminohydroxy triglycerides from new crop oils

Vegetable oils as the main source of plant lipids are currently generating much interest as renewable industrial feedstocks for nonfood industrial applications both as biobased lubricants and biodiesel fuels. But of particular interest for us is use of new crop oils in novel industrial applications. These oils, in general, are glyceryl esters with olefinic bonds, which are readily functionalizable. Aminated lipids are important intermediates in many applications including pharmaceutical formulations because they have a modifying effect on cell membranes. We have exploited the nucleophilic property of the carbon-carbon double bonds in two seed oils to generate the oxirane derivatives of the lipids. Ring opening of the epoxy intermediates with amines under anhydrous ZnCl₂ catalysis is facile, and the reaction proceeds smoothly at moderate temperatures to given the aminohydroxy TG of milkweed and salicornia oils.     

Unmasking Sensory Defects of Olive Oils Flavored with Basil and Oregano Using an Electronic Tongue-Chemometric Tool

Olive oil price and consumers’ preference depend on the commercial grade classification that can decrease if any sensory defect is perceived leading to an economic loss. Enriched oils, obtained by incorporating dried aromatic herbs, spices, or essential oils, which is a common practice in the Mediterranean region, are commercially available. This practice may conceal the fraudulent purpose of masking the perception of sensory defects. The detection of this type of fraud is a difficult task, requiring sensory analysis. Thus, in this study, extra-virgin and lampante olive oils, the latter classification being due to the perception of an intense winey-vinegary defect, were deliberately enriched with different amounts of basil-dried herbs and oregano-dried herbs. Sensory analysis showed that, depending on the aromatic herb and on the added amount (0.011–0.110 g herb per kg oil), the defect intensity could be masked leading to an erroneous classification of flavored lampante oils as flavored virgin oils. In contrast, the electronic tongue-chemometric approach could unmask the defect in flavored oils (predictive sensitivities: 70–78%) and semiquantitatively discriminate flavored oils according to the added levels of basil or oregano (predictive sensitivities: 93–100%). The electronic tongue approach showed satisfactory unmasking performance when compared with the sensory panel, and so, its future application as a quality control taste-sensor device for disclosing olive oil sensory defects masked by the incorporation of flavoring agents may be forseen.     

The influence of non-carcinogenic petroleum-based process oils on tire compounds’ performance

High aromatic oils which have been widely used as process oils in tire the industry contain high concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These aromatic compounds (PAHs) have proved to be carcinogenic as well as posing a threat to the environment. Since the beginning of 2010, the use of high aromatic process oils has been banned under the EU regulation 1907/2007 commonly called REACH (registration, evaluation, authorization and restriction of chemicals). The so-called regulation has given rise to challenges to the oil and tire industries in replacing high aromatic process oils with safer alternatives. In the present work, four types of low aromatic petroleum-based process oils, namely mild and high-viscosity naphthenic oils (LNAP and HNAP), treated distillate aromatic extract (TDAE) and mildly extracted solvate (MES), were investigated and their effect on plasticization and durability properties of two different low and high oil-extended tire formulations were evaluated. The compatibility of oils with rubber was investigated as well. The results showed that a number of properties such as abrasion resistance and tire rolling resistance were improved by using non-carcinogenic oils, while tire grip properties were declined. Considering oil–rubber compatibility, TDAE and MES were found to be more compatible with rubbers.     

The influence of catalyst regeneration on the composition of zeolite-upgraded biomass pyrolysis oils

The composition of oils derived from the on-line, low pressure zeolite upgrading of biomass pyrolysis oils from a fluidized bed pyrolysis unit have been investigated in relation to the regeneration of the zeolite catalyst. The catalyst used was H-ZSM-5 zeolite. The gases were analysed by packed column gas chromatography. The composition of the oils before catalysis and after catalyst upgrading were analysed by liquid chromatography fractionation, followed by coupled gas chromatography—mass spectrometry of each fraction. In particular, the aromatic and oxygenated aromatic species were identified and quantified. In addition, the oils were analysed for their elemental composition and molecular weight range using size exclusion chromatography. Before catalysis the biomass pyrolysis oil was highly oxygenated but after catalysis a highly aromatic oil was formed with high concentrations of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In addition, significant concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were formed. Regeneration of the zeolite catalyst showed that continued regeneration reduced the effectiveness of the catalyst in converting biomass pyrolysis oils to an aromatic product. Elemental analysis of the upgraded oils showed an increase in the oxygen content of the oil with increasing regeneration of the catalyst. The molecular weight range of the oils was found to decrease markedly after catalysis, but continued regeneration of the catalyst increased the molecular weight range of the upgraded oils. Detailed analysis of the uncatalysed oils showed they contained low concentrations of aromatic and PAH species which markedly increased in concentration after catalysis. The overall effect of increasing catalyst regeneration was a decrease in the concentration of aromatic hydrocarbons and PAH. Also as the catalyst was regenerated, the number of methyl groups on the parent single ring aromatic compound or PAH increased. The oxygenated aromatic species in the oil before catalysis were mainly, phenols and benzenediols and their alkylated homologues. After catalysis some of the oxygenated species were reduced and some increased in concentration. A dual mechanistic route is suggested for the formation of aromatics and PAH during the catalytic upgrading of biomass pyrolysis oils: (1) the formation of low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons on the catalyst which then undergo aromatization reactions to produce aromatic hydrocarbons and PAH; (2) deoxygenation of oxygenated compounds found in the non-phenolic fraction of the pyrolysis oils which directly form aromatic compounds.     

Effects of dietary peanut oil on serum lipoprotein patterns of rats

Oils prepared from two varieties of peanuts and from a hybrid corn having linoleic acid concentrations substantially different from the respective commercial oils were compared with commercial oils for their effects on serum lipids of weanling female rats. In the first experiment, serum lipid patterns appeared to reflect linoleic acid content of the dietary oil. However, with a longer feeding period in the second experiment, serum lipid patterns were determined by the plant source of the dietary oil rather than its linoleic acid content; all peanut oils differed from both corn oils in their physiological effects. Diets containing triglyceride, hydrocarbon and sterol fractions obtained by liquid chromatography of peanut and corn oils were fed to female rats. The data provide no evidence that the hydrocarbon or sterol fractions of peanut oil are responsible for its unusual atherogenicity when fed as the sole fat source or that similar fractions from corn oil are protective against the effects of peanut oil.