神经酰胺ⅢB纳米脂质体的制备及功效评价

采用高压匀质技术制备了神经酰胺ⅢB纳米脂质体,平均粒径为71.7 nm,PDI(多分散性系数)为0.214,Zeta电位为-23.3 m V,载药量和包封率分别为2.3%和95.9%。采用Franz扩散池法考察了其体外透皮性能,结果显示,其24 h体外皮肤累积透过量为709.23μg/cm~2,皮肤滞留量为75.07μg/cm~2。相同神经酰胺ⅢB质量分数的纳米脂质体霜剂与普通霜剂相比,前者24 h皮肤滞留量提高了近6倍。比较了连续给药40 d前后小鼠皮肤的水合能力,结果显示,神经酰胺ⅢB纳米脂质体组小鼠皮肤水合能力较对照组有明显提高,小鼠皮肤中总神经酰胺质量浓度高于对照组。     

利多卡因巴布剂体外透皮吸收研究

目的:本研究采用小型猪皮作为透皮试验模型,比较利多卡因巴布剂自制品和市售参比制剂的体外透皮吸收效果。方法:建立高效液相色谱法测定利多卡因巴布剂中药物的体外透皮吸收量。色谱条件为:色谱柱为Elite Hypersil ODS2(5μm,4.6 mm×150 mm);流动相为醋酸盐缓冲液(930 mL水中加入冰醋酸10 mL,以1 mol/L的Na OH溶液调pH至6.0)-甲醇(50∶50);流速:1.0 mL/min;检测波长为254 nm;进样量为20μL。体外透皮实验采用改良的Franz扩散池,以小型猪皮作为透皮试验模型,分别在2 h、4 h、6 h、8 h、10 h和12 h取样测定透皮接收液中利多卡因的浓度,计算累积透过率。结果:自制品和市售参比制剂12 h平均累积透过率分别为195.61μg/cm~2和197.90μg/cm~2,不同时段透皮吸收累积量差异无统计学意义。结论:利多卡因巴布剂自制品和市售参比制剂的体外透皮吸收效果基本一致。     

表柔比星固体脂质纳米粒的制备及透黏膜行为

制备表柔比星固体脂质纳米粒(EPI-SLNs),并考察其体外释放、透黏膜行为.采用复乳法制备EPI-SLNs,并以包封率为评价指标优化其处方及工艺;采用平衡透析法研究EPI-SLNs的体外释药行为;立式扩散池法考察其透黏膜行为.结果表明,在m(表柔比星)=1 mg、m(单硬脂酸甘油酯)=5 mg、m(大豆磷脂)=3.5...     

肌肽纳米脂质体改善人成纤维细胞抗氧化性能研究

采用高压匀质技术制备了肌肽纳米脂质体,所得肌肽纳米脂质体平均粒径为65.5 nm,多分散性系数(PDI)为0.290,Zeta电位为-43.6 mV,载药量和包封率分别为6.6%和67.0%。采用Franz扩散池法考察肌肽纳米脂质体体外透皮性能,结果显示其12 h体外皮肤累积透过量为92.32μg/cm~2,皮肤滞留量为。研究了游离肌肽和肌肽纳米脂质体分别对H_2O_2诱导人成纤维细胞(HSF)细胞氧化损伤的保护作用,测定HSF细胞中MDA含量、SOD和CAT活性的变化。结果显示,肌肽质量浓度为25～400 mg/L时,与游离肌肽组相比,肌肽纳米脂质体使受损HSF细胞活力显肌肽。     

几种挥发油对黄藤素透皮给药的促渗作用研究

为给黄藤素透皮给药选择合适的挥发油促渗剂,以高效液相色谱法测定黄藤素的含量,采用立式扩散池法研究桉叶油、艾叶油、当归油、连翘油对黄藤素透皮给药的影响;实验结束后,用DSC扫描观察皮肤的特征峰变化。结果表明,5 h时,艾叶油组药物的累积透过量分别是被动扩散组、桉叶油组、当归油组、连翘油组的1.82,1.16,1.48,1.63倍,药物的累积渗透量随着艾叶油浓度的增加而增加,艾叶油浓度1.5%时,其促渗能力最强。DSC图谱表明,不同挥发油对皮肤的特征峰具有不同的影响,促渗能力较好的挥发油使皮肤的特征峰消失;当艾叶油的浓度由0.5%增加到1.5%,DSC图谱发生相应变化,浓度为1.5%和2.0%时具有相似的图谱,而浓度为2.5%时的DSC图谱与0.5%的图谱相似。艾叶油能够显著促进黄藤素的透皮给药,且最佳的浓度为1.5%,其机理可能是通过扰乱或破坏皮肤角质层的有序结构来增强皮肤对药物的渗透性,因此,艾叶油可作为黄藤素透皮给药的理想促渗剂而具有广泛的应用前景。     

几种挥发油对黄藤素透皮给药的促渗作用研究

为给黄藤素透皮给药选择合适的挥发油促渗剂,以高效液相色谱法测定黄藤素的含量,采用立式扩散池法研究桉叶油、艾叶油、当归油、连翘油对黄藤素透皮给药的影响;实验结束后,用DSC扫描观察皮肤的特征峰变化。结果表明,5 h时,艾叶油组药物的累积透过量分别是被动扩散组、桉叶油组、当归油组、连翘油组的1.82,1.16,1.48,1.63倍,药物的累积渗透量随着艾叶油浓度的增加而增加,艾叶油浓度1.5%时,其促渗能力最强。DSC图谱表明,不同挥发油对皮肤的特征峰具有不同的影响,促渗能力较好的挥发油使皮肤的特征峰消失;当艾叶油的浓度由0.5%增加到1.5%,DSC图谱发生相应变化,浓度为1.5%和2.0%时具有相似的图谱,而浓度为2.5%时的DSC图谱与0.5%的图谱相似。艾叶油能够显著促进黄藤素的透皮给药,且最佳的浓度为1.5%,其机理可能是通过扰乱或破坏皮肤角质层的有序结构来增强皮肤对药物的渗透性,因此,艾叶油可作为黄藤素透皮给药的理想促渗剂而具有广泛的应用前景。     

微通道内载紫杉醇固体脂质纳米粒制备及工艺优化

目的:制备载紫杉醇固体脂质纳米粒。方法:微通道内采用溶剂扩散法制备脂质纳米粒,并通过正交优化制备工艺。结果:制备的纳米粒稳定性良好,平均粒径为(129.87±2.91)nm,包封率为(3.11±0.06)%,载药率为(43.67±0.24)%。结论:本研究制备的载药固体脂质纳米粒载药特性与重复性良好。     

当归油对白及多糖微凝胶贴片中α-熊果苷体外透皮行为的影响

研究了当归油对白及多糖微凝胶贴片中α-熊果苷的促渗透作用,为挥发油作为透皮促进剂在日化、医药领域的进一步应用提供依据。采用涂膜法制备以白及多糖为基质的α-熊果苷微凝胶贴片,采用HPLC法测定α-熊果苷含量;采用立式扩散池考察当归油对α-熊果苷经皮渗透的影响规律;采用DSC分析给药前后皮肤角质层的结构特征变化,以揭示当归油促进药物透皮吸收的机理。所制备的白及多糖微凝胶贴片外观细腻,柔软,有韧性,体外透皮试验显示,随着处方中当归油浓度的增加,α-熊果苷的累积透过量逐渐增加,促渗作用增强,当当归油浓度达到1.0%时,α-熊果苷的累积透过量较对照组提高了1.89倍。DSC分析显示,随着处方中当归油浓度的增大,皮肤的特征峰逐渐变弱,当当归油的加入量达1.0%时,皮肤角质层的特征峰消失。当归油具有良好的透皮促进作用,1.0%当归油对α-熊果苷促渗作用最佳,当归油可作为一种天然透皮促进剂,具有良好的应用前景。     

山奈提取物中对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯的体外透皮吸收研究

建立山奈提取物中主要活性成分对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯体外透皮接收液的HPLC测定方法,采用改良的Franz扩散池,选择裸鼠皮肤为渗透屏障,进行体外扩散试验。采用HPLC法测定山奈提取物中对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯的体外透皮累积渗透量,研究对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯的透皮吸收特性。山奈提取物中对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯具有一定的防晒功效,结果表明其在10 h内的累积渗透量为0.2949 mg/cm2,可用于天然防晒化妆品的开发。     

环孢素A固体脂质纳米粒制备工艺优化

为了制备单分散性优良、形态规整且具有较高包封率的环孢素A固体脂质纳米粒,采用溶剂扩散法制备环孢素A固体脂质纳米粒。在水相中加入海藻酸钠以改善纳米粒形态和单分散性,利用Ca2+与载药纳米粒胶体溶液中海藻酸钠发生配位反应形成海藻酸钙凝胶,在低离心转速下分离纳米粒并简便准确测定药物包封率。在单因素实验基础上,采用响应面设计优化载药纳米粒的制备工艺条件。结果表明,影响包封率显著因素为水含量和制备温度,在海藻酸钠用量0.1132 g、用水量52.77 mL、制备温度34.55℃优化条件下,纳米粒形态呈规整棒状,单分散性好,平均粒径为181.3 nm,平均包封率达82.45%。     

包覆甲氧基肉桂酸辛酯固体脂质微粒的制备及性能

Preparation and properties of solid lipid nanoparticles carried octyl methoxycinnamate(OMC）were studiedThe influence of octyl methoxycinnamate（OMC）and pH value on the distribution, size, Zeta potential of solid lipid nanoparticle were studiedMeanwhile the configuration, particle size, composition and sunscreen properties were characterizedThe result showed that the Zeta potential of solid lipid nanoparticle was about 40 mV with optimizing composition and middle or weak basic pH condition The average particle size of solid lipid nanoparticle was about 150 nm and the particle distribution was homogeneousParticle configuration was spherical with or without OMC and little flocculationCarried OMC increased the particle sizeOMC with lipid material, emulsifier formed the solid lipid nanoparticle together but not carried in the coreThe solid lipid nanoparticle with OMC have good ultraviolet adsorption and the synergy function was between the solid lipid nanoparticles and sunscreen.     

Interaction between Dipolar Lipid Headgroups and Charged Nanoparticles Mediated by Water Dipoles and Ions

In this work, a theoretical model describing the interaction between a positively or negatively charged nanoparticle and neutral zwitterionic lipid bilayers is presented. It is shown that in the close vicinity of the positively charged nanoparticle, the zwitterionic lipid headgroups are less extended in the direction perpendicular to the membrane surface, while in the vicinity of the negatively charged nanoparticle, the headgroups are more extended. This result coincides with the calculated increase in the osmotic pressure between the zwitterionic lipid surface and positively charged nanoparticle and the decrease of osmotic pressure between the zwitterionic lipid surface and the negatively charged nanoparticle. Our theoretical predictions agree well with the experimentally determined fluidity of a lipid bilayer membrane in contact with positively or negatively charged nanoparticles. The prospective significance of the present work is mainly to contribute to better understanding of the interactions of charged nanoparticles with a zwitterionic lipid bilayer, which may be important in the efficient design of the lipid/nanoparticle nanostructures (like liposomes with encapsulated nanoparticles), which have diverse biomedical applications, including targeted therapy (drug delivery) and imaging of cancer cells.     

烷基苯磺酸钠在土壤中的吸附和降解行为(待续)

探讨了阴离子表面活性剂烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)在不同土壤上的吸附行为,分析了LAS分子结构和土壤粒度、温度、盐度及pH等主要因素对LAS吸附量的影响,阐述了LAS在土壤中的降解机理,并分析了LAS分子结构、初始含量及环境中微生物数量、温度及pH等主要因素对LAS降解效率的影响,为以后LAS的扩大应用及其污染治理提供了充分的参考和依据。认为向土壤中排放LAS量会加大,污染程度会日趋严重,应着重消除影响LAS降解的环境限制因素,减少在土壤上的吸附量,最终解决LAS污染问题。     

催化铁内电解法降低城市生活污水生化出水色度

研究了催化铁内电解法对城市生活污水生化出水色度去除的影响。喷淋式装置的水力停留时间2h,当铁铜比例为12∶1,出水色度值最低,基本都在10以下。当铁铜质量比为4∶1时,TN去除率可以达到10%以上;出水NO_3~-减少量最大,去除率大约为24.5%;NH_4~+的增加量可以达到3mg/L左右。     

Lower Plasmatic Levels of Saturated Fatty Acids and a Characteristic Fatty Acid Composition in the Ovary Could Contribute to the High-Fertility Phenotype in Dummerstorf Superfertile Mice

In recent decades, fertility traits in humans as well as in farm animals have decreased worldwide. As such, it is imperative to know more about the genetics and physiology of increased or high fertility. However, most of the current animal models with reproductive phenotypes describe lower fertility or even infertility (around 99%). The “Dummerstorf high-fertility lines” (FL1 and FL2) are two unique mouse lines selected for higher reproductive performances, more specifically for higher number of pups per litter. We recently described how those superfertile mice managed to increase their reproductive phenotype by doubling the ovulation rate and consequently the litter size compared to the unselected mice of the same founder population. FLs show an unusual estrous cycle length and atypical levels of hormones that link reproduction and metabolism, such as insulin in FL1 and leptin in FL2. Moreover, we described that their higher ovulation rate is mostly due to a higher quality of their oocytes rather than their sheer quantity, as they are characterized by a higher quantity of high-quality oocytes in antral follicles, but the quantity of follicles per ovary is not dissimilar compared to the control. In the present study, we aimed to analyze the lipid composition of the fertility lines from plasma to the gonads, as they can connect the higher reproductive performances with their metabolic atypicalities. As such, we analyzed the fat content of FLs and fatty acid composition in plasma, liver, fat, oocytes of different quality, and granulosa cells. We demonstrated that those mice show higher body weight and increased body fat content, but at the same time, they manage to decrease the lipid content in the ovarian fat compared to the abdominal fat, which could contribute to explaining their ovarian quality. In addition, we illustrate the differences in fatty acid composition in those tissues, especially a lower level of saturated fatty acids in plasma and a different lipid microenvironment of the ovary. Our ongoing and future research may be informative for farm animal biology as well as human reproductive medicine, mostly with cases that present characteristics of lower fertility that could be reversed following the way-of-managing of Dummerstorf high-fertility lines.     

Nanostructured Lipid Carriers in Alginate Microgels for the Delivery of Astaxanthin

This study aims to enhance the stability and bioavailability of astaxanthin by loading it into nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), then incorporating the NLCs into alginate microgels. The NLCs (about 200 nm particle size) and alginate microgels (about 1 mm particle size) are prepared using high-pressure homogenization and injection-gelation methods, respectively. Based on in vitro dissolution assessments, the astaxanthin in alginate microgels dissolves more slowly than that in NLCs. In simulated gastric digestive juice, minimal dissolution of microgel-embedded astaxanthin is detected; however, in simulated intestinal digestive juice, the dissolution is appreciably accelerated. Moreover, the 2 h bio-accessibility of astaxanthin in microgels is less than that in NLCs. At higher concentrations of sodium alginate and calcium ions, the internal pores of the microgels become smaller, resulting in slower dissolution and lower bio-accessibility of astaxanthin. As for the chemical stability of the pigment, it is improved by the secondary coating effect of hydrogelation. Hence, NLC incorporation into alginate microgels constitutes a promising strategy for the encapsulation of astaxanthin in the food industry. Practical applications : Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) incorporated in alginate microgels can increase the water solubility of astaxanthin, improve its chemical stability, increase its bioavailability, and allow for its controlled release. The high-pressure homogenization method used to prepare NLCs can be easily applied on an industrial level. Moreover, the operation conditions of the injection-gelation process needed to synthesize the alginate microgels are mild, nontoxic, and nonpolluting. The NLC-alginate microgels can be used in yogurt, ice cream, and other foods.     

以里氏木霉制备纤维素酶的研究

以里氏木酶（Trichoderma reesei Rut C-30)为产酶菌株,采用不同纤维底物（麸皮,玉米皮及玉米秸杆）制备纤维素酶,研究其酶解效果及酶系构成。研究表明,玉米秸杆底物最佳,滤纸酶活达到1．87IU/mL,产酶收获期为112h,麸皮底的收获期最短,达48h但滤纸酶活最低,达0．76IU/mL,产酶时间长短将影响酶系构成,时间长酶系结构合理,滤纸酶活高。     

密闭式凝水回收技术在制药企业的应用

密闭式凝水回收技术,即在密闭状态下对凝水进行回收利用。该技术可降低凝水对设备的腐蚀,减少水资源及水处理费,提高锅炉热效率,降低供热系统运行成本,减少热污染,促进企业实现节能减排。     

燃煤过程中卤族元素-溴的析出行为及治理研究

为了解决煤中痕量卤素-溴的燃烧产物排放造成的污染,通过固定床管式炉煤燃烧试验,研究了燃煤过程中添加钙基质(CaO)作为固溴剂对溴化物析出的影响。结果表明:钙基质(CaO)能够有效地降低燃煤过程中溴化物的排放量;采用预混与喷射相结合的方式向锅炉中添加固溴剂能够最大限度的吸收燃煤过程中析出的溴化物,减少溴化物的排放量。此外,钙基固溴剂的脱溴效率还受燃烧温度、停留时间、钙基固溴剂(CaO)的添加量、燃烧气氛等因素的影响,燃煤过程中控制合理的钙基质与溴化物的反应条件有利于提高钙基质的脱溴效率。     

羊栖菜多糖提取物及其润肤霜的保湿和抗氧化活性

采用超声细胞破碎辅助水提-醇沉法提取羊栖菜多糖(FSF),测定其抗氧化活性和保湿性能,并用其制备润肤霜,体外评价该润肤霜的保湿性能,使用皮肤外涂实验考察该润肤霜对小鼠皮肤抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明:羊栖菜多糖提取物(EFSF)具有较强的自由基清除能力,保湿性能优于甘油;该润肤霜同样具有较好的保湿性能,在干燥环境下198 h的失水率为4.33%,在相对湿度43%环境下198 h的失水率为2.36%;皮肤外涂实验表明,与阴性对照组(仅含基质的润肤霜)、阳性对照组(0.3%熊果苷润肤霜)相比,该润肤霜均可显著增强小鼠皮肤的羟自由基清除能力(403.65 U/mgprot)、超氧阴离子自由基清除能力(810.52 U/gprot)、总抗氧化能力(11.58 U/mgprot)和T-SOD活性(81.11 U/mgprot),显著提高羟脯氨酸含量(43.49 mg/L)以及降低MDA含量(2.12 nmol/mgprot)。