电化学刻蚀制备宏孔硅研究

半导体硅在含HF电解液阳极氧化体系中可以形成不同的腐蚀形态.当采用背面照明,且反应电流密度小于某个临界值时,可以在N型硅抛光片沿(100)晶向刻蚀产生宏孔结构,控制电化学条件能够调整宏孔的孔径、间距等形貌参数.本文采用相同电阻率N型抛光(100)硅片,考查了恒流条件下不同工作电流、照明强度对刻蚀反应以及刻蚀表面形貌的影响.     

电化学刻蚀制备宏孔硅研究

半导体硅在含HF电解液阳极氧化体系中可以形成不同的腐蚀形态.当采用背面照明,且反应电流密度小于某个临界值时,可以在N型硅抛光片沿(100)晶向刻蚀产生宏孔结构,控制电化学条件能够调整宏孔的孔径、间距等形貌参数.本文采用相同电阻率N型抛光(100)硅片,考查了恒流条件下不同工作电流、照明强度对刻蚀反应以及刻蚀表面形貌的影响.     

2Cr13在浓盐酸中的腐蚀行为研究

针对油气田开发实际,采用高温高压釜模拟2Cr13在盐酸溴化锌加重溶液中的腐蚀过程;利用SEM观察了试样的腐蚀形貌特征,并用EDS和XRD分析腐蚀产物膜的成分。实验结果表明：在实验条件下,2Cr13的腐蚀速率为3.993 mm/a,属欠耐蚀型;其中Cl-、Br-是引起2Cr13腐蚀的主要因素。2Cr13的腐蚀产物膜呈密集多孔性点蚀,出现蜂窝状的腐蚀形貌,蚀孔呈开放式。     

高纯铝表面晶面指数对腐蚀孔线长大速度的影响

采用盐酸、硝酸、氢氟酸的混合溶液腐蚀从高纯铝锭上切割出的单晶{100}和{124}表面。统计观察了腐蚀孔的变化过程,回归拟合了腐蚀孔所占面积的变化,并推导了腐蚀孔的线长大速度。结果表明:腐蚀过程中腐蚀孔的线长大速度迅速下降。{124}面的表面能和表面位错应力场均高于{100}面,使点腐蚀初期其腐蚀孔的线长大速度明显大于{100}面。腐蚀后期,{124}面的腐蚀孔必须继续向内部扩展,而{100}面的腐蚀孔则可以只沿表面扩展,因而造成{100}面腐蚀孔的线长大速度大于{124}面。     

高压阳极箔二段扩孔的孔形控制方法

一种高压阳极腐蚀箔二段扩孔的控制孔形状的方法,在二级扩孔中,先在含有盐酸和磷酸的混合液中加电腐蚀,然后再在含有硝酸与磷酸的混合液中加电腐蚀,通过控制盐酸中腐蚀的时间与硝酸中腐蚀的时间的比例,来决定孔的形状。     

超临界水氧化过程中pH对镍基合金C-276的腐蚀研究

分别以盐酸、硝酸、硫酸与甲醇配制成不同pH值溶液作为腐蚀性介质,研究在超临界水氧化条件下对材料C-276的腐蚀情况。结果表明,3种酸均随着酸性的增强对材料腐蚀的越严重,在pH 5～3,腐蚀速率显著增加,而在pH=6与pH=5、pH=3与pH=2之间,腐蚀速率增幅较小,几乎维持不变。材料经过100 h的腐蚀后,存在较为严重的孔蚀、氧化膜的脱落,其中盐酸环境中还存在严重的晶间腐蚀,腐蚀速率达到最大,为0.231 mm/a。表面的氧化膜主要成分为NiO、Cr_2O_3、MoO_2。     

超临界水氧化过程中pH对镍基合金C-276的腐蚀研究

分别以盐酸、硝酸、硫酸与甲醇配制成不同pH值溶液作为腐蚀性介质,研究在超临界水氧化条件下对材料C-276的腐蚀情况。结果表明,3种酸均随着酸性的增强对材料腐蚀的越严重,在pH 5～3,腐蚀速率显著增加,而在pH=6与pH=5、pH=3与pH=2之间,腐蚀速率增幅较小,几乎维持不变。材料经过100 h的腐蚀后,存在较为严重的孔蚀、氧化膜的脱落,其中盐酸环境中还存在严重的晶间腐蚀,腐蚀速率达到最大,为0.231 mm/a。表面的氧化膜主要成分为NiO、Cr_2O_3、MoO_2。     

赤泥中钇浸出行为及动力学研究

采用盐酸浸出提取赤泥中的钇,考察了盐酸浓度、浸出温度、液固比和反应时间对钇浸出率的影响.分析了赤泥盐酸浸出提钇过程的物相变化和表面形貌变化.根据钇浸出动力学参数,确定了关键控制步骤和表观活化能.结果表明:在盐酸体积浓度30％,浸出温度为80℃,液固比为7 mL/g,反应时间为60 min的条件下,钇的浸出率为82.57％.酸浸过程赤泥中钙霞石和方解石全部溶解,赤铁矿和钙钛矿部分溶解,酸浸渣的粒度变小,颗粒粘结现象消失.在低浓度盐酸介质中,钇的浸出过程主要受化学反应控制,在高浓度盐酸介质中,主要受内扩散控制.不同浸出温度条件下,赤泥酸浸提钇过程均主要受内扩散模型控制,浸出提钇过程的表观活化能为19.8 kJ·mol-1.     

基于CO_2腐蚀形貌特征的腐蚀预测方法研究

采用灰度数据矩阵统计、小波变换及二值化等方法对不同油管钢经CO2腐蚀后的表面形貌图像进行特征提取。采用二值特征提取算法计算出以像素点个数表示的孔蚀面积,采用像素点集合求得蚀孔数目,并用能量灰度数据矩阵统计特征值,反映孔蚀表面腐蚀形貌凹凸起伏变化的复杂特征。结合多层前馈式反向传播BP神经网络,以腐蚀形貌图像的各向异性能量参数和小波变换后子图像的能量参数作为腐蚀类型判据,建立了基于BP神经网络的孔蚀速率诊断模型,诊断结果与实验结果基本吻合。     

电化学刻蚀制备宏孔硅研究

半导体硅在含HF电解液阳极氧化体系中可以形成不同的腐蚀形态。当采用背面照明,且反应电流密度小于某个临界值时,可以在N型硅抛光片沿(100)晶向刻蚀产生宏孔结构,控制电化学条件能够调整宏孔的孔径、间距等形貌参数。本文采用相同电阻率N型抛光(100)硅片,考查了恒流条件下不同工作电流、照明强度对刻蚀反应以及刻蚀表面形貌的影响。     

WF-01捕收剂在沙特磷矿选矿试验中的应用

为了提高沙特Al-Jalamid磷矿的磷资源利用率,利用瓮福磷矿生产的WF-01捕收剂对Al-Jalamid磷矿进行了选矿试验,结果表明:WF-01捕收剂对Al-Jalamid磷矿具有广泛的的适应性,在进行上、中、下层混合矿选矿时,精矿品位P2O5达33%以上,回收率达80%以上.     

自呼吸式直接甲醇燃料电池性能及其传质特性

针对有效面积为1 cm2的自呼吸式直接甲醇燃料电池（direct methanol fuel cell,DMFC）单电池,阳极采用燃料罐供液,将阴极侧集流体和夹具设计为一体式结构,并用自制的七合一膜电极组件对其进行测试,讨论了催化剂类型、扩散层材料、集流体结构等因素对其性能的影响,分析了电池内部的传质特性,优化了电池特别是其在中高电流密度条件下的性能。实验结果表明：采用Pt黑、Pt-Ru黑催化剂制作的自呼吸式DMFC能强化反应物的传质;采用碳布制作的膜电极更倾向于获得更高的极限电流密度;低电流密度时,因甲醇渗透电池电压随着甲醇浓度的增加而降低,但在中高电流密度下,电池性能随甲醇浓度的增大先升高后降低;平行集流体有利于阴阳极生成物的排出和反应物的传质,因此易获得较高的电池性能。     

A Study of Carbon Nanofibers and Active Carbon as Symmetric Supercapacitor in Aqueous Electrolyte: A Comparative Study

Symmetric supercapacitors are fabricated by carbon nanofibers (CNF) and activated carbon (AC) using similar proportions of 7 wt% polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer binder in an aqueous electrolyte. In this study, a comparison of porous texture and electrochemical performances between CNFs and AC based supercapacitors was carried out. Electrodes were assembled in the cell without a current collector. The prepared electrodes of CNFs and AC present Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of 83 and 1042 m²/g, respectively. The dominant pore structure for CNFs is mesoporous while for AC is micropore. The results showed that AC provided higher specific capacitance retention up to very fast scan rate of 500 mV/s. AC carbon had a specific capacitance of 334 F/g, and CNFs had 52 F/g at scan rate 5 mV/s in aqueous solution. Also, the results indicate the superior conductivity of CNFs in contrast to AC counterparts. The measured equivalent series resistance (ESR) showed a very small value for CNFs (0.28 Ω) in comparison to AC that has an ESR resistance of (3.72 Ω). Moreover, CNF delivered higher specific power (1860 W/kg) than that for AC (450 W/kg). On the other hand, AC gave higher specific energy (18.1 Wh/kg) than that for CNFs (2 Wh/kg).This indicates that the AC is good for energy applications. Whereas, CNF is good for power application. Indeed, the higher surface area will lead to higher specific capacitance and hence higher energy density for AC. For CNF, lower ESR is responsible for having higher power density.Both CNF and AC supercapacitor exhibit an excellent charge-discharge stability up to 2500 cycles.     

乳状液膜静电破乳器破乳机理研究

分析了乳状液膜分离技术中静电破乳的主要影响因素 ,研究了乳状液在高压直流静电场和交流静电场中不同的破乳机理 ,结果表明 ,在高压直流静电场中需采用裸电极才能有效破乳 ,在交流静电场中使用裸电极或绝缘电极均可有效破乳     

Effect of simultaneous etching and N-doping on the surface and electrochemical properties of AC

To improve the electrical performance of activated carbon (AC)-based electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), the surface of AC was modified with gas phase ammonia treatment at 1073 K with different treatment times to carry out simultaneous etching and N-doping. The effects of the treatment on AC surfaces and their electrochemical properties were investigated. The specific capacitances of samples treated for 22 min were increased to 426 F/g at scan rates of 10 mV/s, which corresponded to a 76.8% increase as compared with 241 F/g of samples measured as received from the manufacturer. The increase is attributed to an increase in the specific surface area and the total pore, micro- and mesopore volumes due to the etching effect of the high-temperature ammonia gas reaction. Moreover, N-functional groups, which were introduced by the treatment, also aided to improve the electrochemical properties of the resulting AC-based electrode. Therefore, the simultaneous etching and N-doping method with ammonia gas at high temperature can easily introduce nitrogen functional groups on the AC surface. In addition, the reaction of nitrogen gas with AC can affect its specific surface area and surface pore structure, which is very effective in preparing AC for EDLCs with improved electrochemical properties.     

电解电容器用铝箔腐蚀液中葡萄糖的作用

研究了葡萄糖对铝箔交流腐蚀扩面的影响,采用循环伏安法对电容结果进行表征。发现葡萄糖的加入,有助于铝箔的腐蚀和扩孔,比电容有较大幅度的提高,并且葡萄糖对低纯度铝箔影响更大,1.0g/L葡萄糖导致低纯铝箔(99.2%)比容约提高30%,高纯铝箔(99.99%)提高约10%。     

金属材料交流腐蚀机理、影响因素及风险评价

交流电能够诱导金属发生腐蚀,为有效控制与利用交流腐蚀,必须加强对金属交流腐蚀问题的基础性研究。本文回顾了金属交流腐蚀的研究历程,总结尚已认识的交流腐蚀行为,指出有待探索和发现的规律。对近年来国内外开展的有关交流腐蚀电化学行为及影响因素的研究进行综述,讨论了交流腐蚀机理的典型假说,重点评述了目前具有代表性的交流腐蚀风险评估标准,并对这一领域的研究前景及发展方向进行了展望。     

High rate performance of virus enabled 3D n-type Si anodes for lithium-ion batteries

A patterned 3D Si anode is fabricated by physical vapor deposition of n-type Si on a self-assembled TMV1cys-structured nickel current collector. The combination of the large surface area conferred by the virus-enabled 3D Ni/TMV1cys current collector with the high electric conductivity of n-type Si rods results in excellent cyclic stability and rate capability for the core-shell n-type Si/Ni/TMV1cys anodes. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveals that the high electronic conductivity of n-type Si significantly reduces charge transfer resistance, thus even at high current densities the capacity of the n-type Si is increased to almost 630 mAh/g compared to undoped Si.     

用溶剂萃取法从ITO膜蚀刻废液中回收金属铟的实验研究

文章对ITO膜蚀刻废液中锱的回收进行了研究。首先采用TBP萃取蚀刻废液,在实验的最优条件下经两次萃取,钢的萃取率可达到96.2％。然后用水反萃TBP有机相,不仅反萃了金属铟,并实现了铟、锡分离。使用P2O4对反萃液萃取及盐酸反萃富集,所得的富钢溶液由NaOH调节pH,用铝片置换,成功回收海绵钢。     

Interfacial structural stabilization on amorphous silicon anode for improved cycling performance in lithium-ion batteries

Interfacial structures of electrode-current collector and electrode-electrolyte have been designed to be stabilized for improved cycling performance of amorphous silicon (Si) that is considered as an alternative anode material to graphite for lithium-ion batteries. Interfacial structural stabilization involves the interdigitation of Si electrode-Cu current collector substrate by anodic Cu etching with thiol-induced self-assembly, and the formation of self-assembled siloxane on the surface of Si electrode using silane. The novel interfacial architecture possesses promoted interfacial contact area between Si and Cu, and a surface protective layer of siloxane that suppresses interfacial reactions with the electrolyte of 1 M LiPF₆/ethylene carbonate (EC):diethylene carbondate (DEC). FTIR spectroscopic analyses revealed that a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer composed of lithium carbonate, organic compounds with carboxylate metal salt and ester functionalities, and PF-containing species formed when having siloxane on Si electrode. Interfacially stabilized Si electrode exhibited a high capacity retention 80% of the maximum discharge capacity after 200 cycles between 0.1 and 1.5 V vs. Li/Li⁺. The data contribute to a basic understanding of interfacial structural causes responsible for the cycling performance of Si-based alloy anodes in lithium-ion batteries.