Experimental determination of the gyromagnetic ratio of thehelium-4 atom in terms of that of the helium-3 nucleus

The ratio R=γ_4He(2³S₁)/γ_3He (1¹S₀) has been measured using gaseous samples in low magnetic field. The result, R=864.02276±3×10 ^-8, leads to a value of γ_4He=1760.78798(3×10^-7)×10⁸ ×rad×s^-1×T^-1     

基于低温辐射计的光探测器响应度基准

基于低温辐射计建立了一系列激光波长上光探测器响应度测量基准。进行了基准装置性能的研究,应用光辐射有效加热功率检验方法进行了不确定度评估。在氦氖、氩氪离子以及钛蓝宝石激光器的10个波长上测量了作为标准探测器的陷阱探测器的响应度。在氦氖、氩氪离子激光波长测量结果的不确定度达到0.8×10^-4,在钛蓝宝石激光器达到1.1×10^-4。对标准探测器的面响应均匀性、非线性、偏振响应、角度响应等特性对响应度测量结果的影响进行了研究。     

Very high Q microwave spectroscopy on trapped171Yb+ ions: application as a frequency standard

A microwave frequency standard based on buffer-gas cooled ¹⁷¹ Yb⁺ ions confined in a linear Paul trap has been demonstrated in prototype form. The standard exhibits a fractional frequency instability characterized by an Allan deviation σ_y (τ)=3.7×10^-13τ^-1/2 for τ<3000 s. Microwave Ramsey fringes with a Q factor of 1.5×10¹³ have been observed     

中国一级标准海水不确定度分析研究

中国一级标准海水作为有证标准物质,不确定度是其一项重要的质量参考指标。参考了国际标准海水(IAPSO SSW)不确定度的分析方法,引入GB/T 15000.3《标准样品工作导则(3)—标准样品定值的一般原则和统计方法》等标准中相关的统计方法,对定值不确定度、均匀性不确定度、长期稳定性不确定度3个分量进行了逐一分析。以P1批次一级标准海水的数据为例,计算得出以上分量的电导率比不确定度分别为5.00×10^-6、5.05×10^-6、4.50×10^-6,合成标准不确定度为8.42×10^-6,扩展不确定度为1.7×10^-5。依据不确定度传播规律,计算得出盐度扩展不确定度为6.6×10^-4(或0.001)。     

Determination of the tesla-to-ampere ratio for the KRISS/VNIIMγ'P-experiment

Tesla-to-ampere ratio giving the largest error in the γ'_P-low-field-experiment has been determined using a modified noncontacting method. The total uncertainty of 0.164×10 ^-6 has been attained. The constant of a solenoid and the γ'_P-value have been corrected for magnetic susceptibility of air. The result is γ'_P=2.675 154 18×10⁸ s^-1 T^-1 (Tesla BI-90) with the total uncertainty of 0.18×10^-6     

Power stabilized cryogenic sapphire oscillator

Microwave oscillators of exceptional short-term stability have been realized from cryogenic sapphire resonators with loaded Q factors in excess of 10⁹ at 11.9 GHz and 6 K. This has been achieved by a power stabilized loop oscillator with active Pound frequency stabilization. These oscillators have exhibited a fractional frequency stability of 3-4×10^-15 for integration times from 0.3 to 100 s. The relative drift of these two oscillators over one day is a few times 10^-13. To reduce the long-term drift, which is principally due to excessive room temperature sensitivity, we have added cryogenic sensors for the power and frequency stabilization servos to one of these oscillators. We have also implemented a servo to reduce the room temperature sensitivity of our phase modulators. Testing of this oscillator against a Shanghai Observatory H-maser has shown an Allan deviation of 4×10^-15 from 600 to 2000 s     

Hg+ trapped ion standard with the superconducting cavitymaser oscillator

The frequency stability of an atomic standard based on ¹⁹⁹ Hg⁺ ions confined in a hybrid RF/DC linear trap is described. The 40.5-GHz clock transition has been measured to be 17 mHz wide, representing a quality factor greater than 2×10¹². A 160-mHz line is used to steer the output of a 5-MHz crystal oscillator to obtain a stability of 2×10^-15 for 24000-s averaging times. In a separate measurement, a 37-mHz line is used to steer the output of the superconducting cavity maser oscillator to reach 1×10^-15 stability at 10000 s     

A new low-field determination of the proton gyromagnetic ratio inwater

The proton gyromagnetic ratio in water has been measured by the low field method using atomic magnetic resonance in ⁴He, a multicurrent solenoid and an induction method for the dimensional measurement of the solenoid. The result for air and vacuum environment is γ'_p (low, air)=2.67515451×10⁸ s^-1 T^-1 (0.18×10^-6), γ'_p (low, vacuum)=2.67515418×10⁸ s^-1 T^-1 (0.18×10^-6), based on the adopted values K_J-90=483597.9 GHz/V, R_K-90=25812.807 Ω, and measured values γ(⁴ He)/γ'_p=658.200556, γ(⁴He) (air)=1760.78819×10⁸ s^-1 T^-1 (0.18×10^-6), K_J-90, R_K-90     

Comparison of four QHR systems within one month using a temperatureand pressure stabilized 100-Ω resistor

We have carried out a resistance comparison of four QHR systems using a 100-Ω resistor in a temperature-controlled and hermetically sealed enclosure, the comparison was performed in November and December 1998, the participants were Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), Bureau National de Metrology-Laboratoire Central des Industries Electroniques (BNM-LCIE) France, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) Germany, and Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus (VTT Automation) Finland, acting as a pilot laboratory. The comparison results agree within 3 parts in 10⁹ with a relative combined standard uncertainty of ±1×10^-8     

Comparison of quantized Hall resistances RH(2) andRH(4) of a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure device

Quantized Hall resistances R_H(4) and R_H(2) of a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure were compared with reference resistors whose values are close to h/4e² or h/2e². The values of the reference resistors were compared with a 100 ohm standard resistor via a cryogenic current comparator (CCC) resistance bridge. Results showed that (4×R_H(4)-2×R_H(2))/2×R_H (2)=(0.037±0.019)×10^-6     

光腔衰荡光谱法测定气体中微痕量水不确定度评估

介绍了基于光腔衰荡光谱法测定气体中的微量水的方法原理,该方法适用于含量为0.2×10^-9～20×10^-6 mol/mol的所有气体中水分的测定。建立了光谱分析法的原始数学模型,对测定方法的不确定度进行了评估,结果表明该方法的扩展不确定度为（8～20）×10^-9 mol/mol（k=2,p=95%）。     

Status of the BNL muon (g-2) experiment

The muon (g-2) experiment at Brookhaven completed a first run in June and July 1997. The main components of the experiment, which include the superconducting inflector, the superferric storage ring, the electrostatic quadrupoles and the lead-scintillating fiber electron calorimeters, have been commissioned satisfactorily. Our first measurement of the ratio R of the spin precession frequency of the positive muon relative to that of a free proton, R=(3.707219±0.000048)×10^-3, is in good agreement with the previous CERN measurements for μ⁺ and μ^- , and has approximately the same uncertainty as each of these measurements. In spring 1998 a muon kicker was installed and successfully tested in the storage ring magnet and a significant improvement in the knowledge of the muon g-factor is expected from upcoming runs in August 1998 and January 1999     

CO2/OsO4 lasers as frequency standards in the29 THz range

The CO₂ lasers, frequency stabilized on OsO₄ transitions around 29 THz, are successfully used as secondary references for visible frequency synthesis and also for high-accuracy spectroscopy in the infrared domain. The BNM-LPTF CO₂/OsO₄ frequency standards exhibit high metrological performances: a long term reproducibility of ±10 Hz (1σ=2×10^-13) and a stability σ_y=6.6×10^-14/√τ with a Flicker plateau of 4×10^-15 (Δν/ν=0.1) for 300 s to 10³ s averaging times. These results and a preliminary study of the main effects which can induce frequency shifts are reported     

Frequency of a methane-stabilized helium-neon laser

A phase-locked laser frequency chain was used to measure the absolute frequency of a HeNe/CH₄ laser relative to the primary Cs standard, with measurement uncertainty less than ±1 part in 10¹². The frequency depends on laser parameters; a spread of 8.3×10^-11 was observed. This was attributed to the variation of Lamb dip asymmetry resulting from the gas-lens effect and the accompanying diffraction loss variation near resonance. Means of improving laser frequency reproducibility by reducing cavity diffraction loss variation were studied experimentally. The frequency obtained with a cavity exhibiting the smallest Lamb dip asymmetry was found to be 88 376 181 599.07±0.07 kHz     

Temperature-compensated sapphire resonator for ultra-stableoscillator capability at temperatures above 77 K

We report on the design and test of a whispering gallery sapphire resonator for which the dominant (WGH_n11) microwave mode family shows frequency-stable, compensated operation for temperatures above 77 K. The resonator makes possible a new ultra-stable oscillator (USO) capability that promises performance improvements over the best available crystal quartz oscillators in a compact cryogenic package. A mechanical compensation mechanism, enabled by the difference between copper and sapphire expansion coefficients, tunes the resonator to cancel the temperature variation of sapphire's dielectric constant. In experimental tests, the WGH₈₁₁ mode showed a frequency turnover temperature of 87 K in agreement with finite element calculations. Preliminary tests of oscillator operation show an Allan Deviation of frequency variation of 1.4-6×10^-12 for measuring times 1 s ⩽τ⩽100 s with unstabilized resonator housing temperature and a mode Q of 2×10⁶. We project a frequency stability 10^-14 for this resonator with stabilized housing temperature and with a mode Q of 10⁷     

Determination of the time-dependence of ΩNBS usingthe quantized Hall resistance

The quantum Hall effect is being used to monitor the US legal representation of the ohm, or as-maintained ohm, Ω_NBS. Measurements have been made on a regular basis since August 1983. Individual transfers between the quantized Hall resistance R _H and the five 1-Ω resistors which comprise Ω_NBS can be made with a total of one standard deviation (1σ) uncertainty of ±0.014 p.p.m. This uncertainty is the root-sum-square of 32 individual components. The time-dependent expression for R_H in terms of Ω_NBS is: R_H=25812.8[1+(1.842±0.012)×10^-6 =(0.0529±0.0040)(t-0.7785)×10^-6 /year] Ω_NBS, where t is measured in years from January 1, 1987. The value of Ω_NBS is, therefore, decreasing at the rate of (0.0529±0.0040) p.p.m./year     

Direct comparison of two independent Josephson voltage standards at1 V and precision measurements up to 10 V

Two Josephson voltage standards have been compared using a room-temperature electronic nanovoltmeter with a peak-to-peak noise of about 2 nV at the 1-V level corresponding to a RMS uncertainty of 4×10^-10. The excellent stability in maintaining the desired voltage steps makes it possible to obtain recorder traces comparing Nb/Al₂O₃/Nb Josephson standards with Weston cells and Zener reference standards at 1 V and 10 V. At 10 V the best result shows a peak-to-peak noise of 250 nV corresponding to a RMS uncertainty of 5×10^-9 for a Zener reference and 50 nV corresponding to 1×10^-9 for a series connection of nine Weston cells. As an example for the application of the Josephson standard as a potentiometer the deviation in the linearity of a digital voltmeter is confirmed to be on the order of 0.1 p.p.m. in the range from -10 V to +10 V     

Lead (II) ion selective electrodes based ondiphenylmethyl-N-phenylhydroxamic acid ionophore in cyanocopolymermatrix

A Pb²⁺ ion selective electrode has been prepared using diphenylmethyl-N-phenylhydroxamic acid (DPNINPRA) as ionophore and cyanocopolymer as new membrane matrix. The electrode (Membrane-2) exhibited a Nernstian slope of 36.75±0.001 mV decade^-1 activity of Pb²⁺ ions on varying the Pb²⁺ ions activity from 7.41×10^-8 to 3.68×10^-1 mol dm^-3. The electrode has exhibited a response time of 13.0±s at 1.0×10^-3 mol dm^-3 activity of Pb²⁺ ions and also revealed an improved selectivity in presence of various interfering ions. The high dipolar property of the selected cyanocopolymer has reduced significantly the anions interference and shown potential response independent to the activity of sodium tetraphenylborate (NaTPB). The electrode has shown isothermal point of 30°C as determined from a hysteresis curve. Sensitivity of the electrode has shown a significant variation with thickness of the membrane. The electrode has shown a constant response on continuous use for a period of six months without any drift in potential and has been also found to be useful as indicator electrode for potentiometric titration of Pb²⁺ ions     

超导稳频振荡器的研究

基于理论分析和计算机仿真,得到了超导稳频振荡器的设计方案,主要包括高Q超导腔、低温环境及锁相环电路等组件的设计。通过实验验证,超导腔的Q值达到2×10⁹,低温环境温度达到1.8 K,温度的稳定度优于0.001K。根据实验结果优化设计后进行系统联调,得到了初步实验结果,超导稳频振荡器的1s频率稳定度达到10^-13量级     

氦离子辐照下钨纳米丝的自保护行为

采用低能量(200 eV)大流强的He⁺辐照多晶钨材料,辐照温度为1023 K和1373 K,辐照剂量为1.0×10²⁵~1.0×10²⁶ ions/m²。用称重、扫描电子显微镜、导电原子力显微镜等手段分析辐照后钨材料的质量损失、表面形貌和内表面缺陷分布,研究了刻蚀速率与表面形貌的关系。结果表明,具有粗糙钨纳米丝表面的钨样品刻蚀速率只有平滑表面的30%。其原因是,在大流强He⁺辐照下钨表面纳米丝的形成阻碍钨原子的溅射。这也意味着,钨纳米丝表面的形成可作为钨材料的自保护结构层,抑制ITER相关辐照下的强刻蚀。