基于矢量传感器MIMO雷达的DOD DOA和极化联合估计算法

该文研究了一种基于多输入多输出(MIMO)电磁矢量传感器阵列雷达目标波离角(DOD),波达角(DOA)和极化联合估计问题。提出一种新型矢量阵MIMO雷达系统模型,发射阵列采用常规阵元,而接收阵列采用电磁矢量传感器。在此基础上,该文提出4维MUSIC, ESPRIT和迭代1维MUSIC 3种联合参数估计算法。其中迭代1维MUSIC算法首先利用矢量传感器的内在结构特点获得目标DOA预估计,随后采用MUSIC算法对DOD和DOA分别进行1维搜索获得目标角度的高精度估计,最后给出一种基于ESPRIT的目标极化估计算法。迭代1维MUSIC算法可用于不规则阵列,对接收阵列约束较少,无需2维搜索及多维搜索,还可以利用矢量阵特点扩展阵列孔径提高DOA估计精度。此外,论文还推导了DOD, DOA和极化联合估计的CRB。仿真实验表明,与前两种算法相比,迭代1维MUSIC算法具有与CRB更接近的估计精度。     

二维虚拟ESPRIT算法

本文通过构造出一特殊阵元阵列,提出了一种全新的二维ESPRIT算法--二维虚拟ESPRIT算法.它具有计算量极低、估计效果好、子阵列要求低等优点,并且通过采取一定措施,可以适用于各种情况,使得本文方法具有较强的灵活性和实用性.     

一种改进的二维虚拟ESPRIT算法-虚拟波达方向矩阵法

二维虚拟ESPRIT算法对子阵列内部结构要求低,但在低信噪比环境下,其估计误差较大。提出一种改进的二维虚拟ESPRIT算法,该算法具有二维虚拟ESPRIT算法的优点,但在低信噪比条件下他的估计误差更小,算法运算量更低。计算机仿真实验表明了改进的二维虚拟ESPRIT算法的有效性。     

基于时空极化导向矢量的阵列信号多维参数联合估计

通过对极化敏感阵列的时域采样构造了具有旋转不变结构的矩阵对,该矩阵对分解的特征值与对应特征向量分别是旋转矩阵和阵列的时空导向矢量,利用该导向矢量和旋转矩阵直接得到信号的频率、二维波达方向和极化的联合估计,该多维参数计算方法具有虚拟阵元和较高的估计精度。简述了多维ESPRIT方法的基本原理,其配对方法采用了多个矩阵束具有相同的特征向量,两种方法均利用了的相同信息-矩阵束的特征值和特征向量,仿真实验验证和比较了两种方法的性能。     

三正交分离式极化敏感阵列的波达方向估计

该文研究了分离式极化敏感阵列(SS-PSA)的多目标波达方向(DOA)估计问题。首先建立三正交分离式极化敏感均匀稀疏阵列的信号模型;接着利用阵列的旋转不变性采用ESPRIT算法计算出多值模糊DOA估计;利用该模糊DOA估计值对分离式极化天线进行空间相移的补偿,然后利用共点式极化天线之间的多维角度结构求出对应的虚拟DOA估计;最后通过提取多值模糊估计值和对应虚拟估计值之差的最小范数得到多目标的DOA估计。该文所提阵列采用分离式极化天线代替传统共点式极化天线,降低了阵列的互耦影响;采用稀疏阵列结构有效地扩展了阵列的物理孔径,大大提高了DOA估计精度。计算机仿真结果证明了该算法对分离式极化天线DOA估计的有效性和高精度性。     

二维谐波分析的子空间旋转技术——二维ESPRIT

本文将参数估计的旋转不变技术(ESPRIT)应用到二维正弦谱估计,并给出了完整的算法。与其它二维谱估计算法相比,二维ESPRIT不但具有优越的性能,而且需要极小的运算量,因为它完全避开了多项式搜索(包括二维和一维)。另外,做为一种分维处理技术,二维ESPRIT几乎不带来阵列有效孔径的减小。     

时空非均匀采样下双基地MIMO雷达收发角及多普勒频率联合估计方法

该文针对发射阵列、接收阵列以及多级延迟器均为非均匀配置的双基地MIMO雷达,提出基于时域和空域二次自由度扩展的发射角、接收角以及多普勒频率估计的ESPRIT (Estimating Signal Via Rotational Invariance Techniques)新方法。该方法利用双基地MIMO雷达特殊的方向矢量特点(矩阵的Khatri-Rao积形式),对接收信号进行两次行置换以及去冗余处理,实现了时域和空域孔径自由度的二次扩展。然后对新数据进行时空滑窗处理,利用ESPRIT算法分别估计出目标的收发角以及多普勒频率。理论和仿真结果表明:在相同阵元和延迟级数情况下,所提算法的估计性能优于四线性分解和多维ESPRIT算法,且能估计出更多的目标,此外,通过最小冗余配置,极大地降低了阵列和延迟器的配置需求,更利于实际工程应用。     

基于传播算子的声学矢量传感器阵列 扩展孔径二维DOA估计算法

 本文提出一种基于传播算子的声学矢量传感器阵列扩展孔径二维DOA估计算法.首先,利用传播算子方法得到一组高精度模糊的DOA估计值;然后,利用声学矢量传感器的特点得到另一组低精度无模糊的DOA估计值;最后,利用无模糊估计值对模糊估计值进行解模糊处理,得到高精度无模糊的DOA估计值.提出的算法无需进行特征值分解或奇异值分解进行信号子空间/噪声子空间的估计.与基于ESPRIT的算法相比,提出的算法的计算量约为信号个数与声学矢量传感器个数的四倍之比.计算机仿真结果表明在信噪比不是很低时,提出的算法与基于ESPRIT的算法具有相当的估计性能.     

稀疏极化敏感阵列的波达方向和极化参数联合估计

该文采用稀疏分布极化敏感阵列(SD-PSA),研究了多目标波达方向(DOA)和极化参数的估计问题。首先建立稀疏极化敏感阵列信号模型;然后利用阵列的空间旋转不变性运用ESPRIT算法得出信号的高精度周期性模糊多值DOA估计;同时利用子阵列导向矢量之间的关系得出信号的极化信息和DOA的无模糊粗估计;最后利用DOA粗估计值解模糊,得到信号的高精度无模糊DOA估计。该文所提阵列的阵元间距大于半个波长距离,扩展了阵列2维物理孔径,一定程度上降低了阵元间的互耦影响,相应的信号DOA估计精度大大提高。仿真实验结果验证了该算法对信号DOA和极化参数估计的有效性。     

共形阵列信号DOA和极化状态联合估计研究

共形阵列是一种与载体表面共形的天线阵列。与平面阵列相比,共形阵列具有对载体电磁性能和动力性能影响小等优点,因此受到人们广泛的关注。受载体曲率影响,共形阵列具有多极性。在信号处理时,必须要考虑信号极化的状态。为此,针对共形阵列信号二维DOA和极化状态联合估计问题,提出了一种基于空时处理的参数估计算法。该算法通过对极化接收数据时域和空域联合处理构造时空DOA矩阵,利用DOA矩阵方法只需一次特征值分解即可获得信号二维DOA和极化状态参数估计。算法对阵列形状要求低,无需谱峰搜索和参数配对,计算量小。最后,以圆台共形阵列为例,通过仿真实验验证了算法的有效性。     

线性电磁矢量阵列的空时极化平滑算法及相干源多参数估计

该文提出了一种基于线性电磁矢量阵列的空时极化平滑算法(STPSA),解决了相干信源的频率,2维波达方向和极化参数的联合估计问题。该算法通过对不同子阵和矢量传感器不同传感单元的测量数据及其相应延迟数据进行平滑,实现解相干预处理并抑制噪声干扰,然后利用传播算子方法得到相应的参数估计。与目前的算法相比,该文提出的算法能够同时实现相干信源的多个参数联合估计;无需通过奇异值或特征值分解提取信号/噪声子空间,也无须进行参数搜索,有较低的运算量;另外,算法能够通过增加相邻阵元的间隔来扩展阵列的有效孔径,改善估计性能,且无须进行参数去模糊处理。仿真结果验证了算法的有效性。     

PULSE CUMULATING METHOD FOR MULTI-TARGETS'''' JOINT AZIMUTH-ELEVATION FREQUENCY-DELAY ESTIMATION

The Directions of Arrivals (DOAs), speeds and distances of targets are all required for array signal processing. Based on the periodic phase shift of coherent pulse sequence waveform, a new estimation of multi-targets' 2-Dimentional (2-D) DOA angle, Doppler frequency shift and relative time-delay is proposed. Based on a virtual sensor array constructed by pulse cumulating, the estimations of azimuth, elevation, Doppier frequency shift and time-delay can be obtained simultaneously, and the least number of pulses could be two. This method is computationally efficient even in heavier noised environment, and all estimations are automatically paired in calculation process with no spectrum searching. Further more, this algorithm can be used to any plane sensor array and deal with many targets at the same time only by few sensors. The targets number that can deal with simultaneously is several times to the sensor number, which is the upper limit for normal algorithms such as ESPRIT and MUSIC. These characteristics would be very useful, especially, for aerial systems. Simulations demonstrate the capabilities of this method efficiently.     

PULSE CUMULATING METHOD FOR MULTI-TARGETS’ JOINT AZIMUTH-ELEVATION FREQUENCY-DELAY ESTIMATION

The Directions of Arrivals （DOAs）, speeds and distances of targets are all required for array signal processing. Based on the periodic phase shift of coherent pulse sequence waveform, a new estimation of multi-targets＇ 2-Dimentional （2-D） DOA angle, Doppler frequency shift and relative time-delay is proposed. Based on a virtual sensor array constructed by pulse cumulating, the estinaations of azimuth, elevation, Doppler frequency shift and time-delay can be obtained simultaneously, and the least number of pulses could be two. This method is computationally efficient even in heavier noised environment, and all estimations are automatically paired in calculation process with no used to any plane sensor array and deal with many spectrum searching. Further more, this algorithm can be targets at the same time only by few sensors. The targets number that can deal with simultaneously is several times to the sensor number, which is the upper limit for normal algorithms such as ESPRIT and MUSIC. These characteristics would be very useful, especially, for aerial systems. Simulations demonstrate the capabilities of this method efficiently.     

矢量传感器阵列MIMO雷达高精度二维DOA与极化联合估计

该文采用矢量传感器配置下的十字型阵列MIMO雷达系统,提出一种新的2维高精度DOA与极化参数联合估计算法。首先根据MIMO雷达虚拟阵列导向矢量的特点,通过降维矩阵的设计及回波数据的降维变换,将高维回波数据转换至低维信号空间;然后基于传播算子获得对应信号子空间的估计,利用收、发阵列阵元间长基线对应的旋转不变性和极化矢量中电场矢量和磁场矢量的叉积进行2维高精度DOA估计和解模糊处理,同时利用与阵列结构无关的极化域旋转不变性进行极化辅角和极化相位差的联合估计。该矢量传感器MIMO雷达阵列可同时获取MIMO雷达的波形分集和矢量传感器的极化分集,无需额外增加阵元和硬件开销,能够有效扩展阵列孔径,提高参数估计性能;同时通过降维变换及传播算子,在获取信噪比增益的同时,能够实现2维高精度DOA和2维极化矢量的联合估计及参数的自动配对,有效降低数据处理维数和参数估计的运算复杂度;最后,仿真结果验证了理论分析的正确性和算法的有效性。     

DOA estimation for sparse nested MIMO radar with velocity receive sensor array

Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation for sparse nested MIMO radar with velocity receive sensor array is studied, and an algorithm based on extended unitary root multiple signal classification (MUSIC) is proposed. The nested MIMO radar utilizes sparse transmit array and velocity receive array with nested inter-element distances, which can make the final virtual array to be a long and sparse velocity sensor array. After exploiting unitary transformation to transform the data into real-valued one, an extended root MUSIC based method is developed to decompose the angle estimation into high-resolution but ambiguous and low-resolution but unambiguous DOA estimations, which are automatically paired. Thereafter, the ambiguous estimation is used to recover all possible DOAs, and the unambiguous DOA estimation is used as a reference to resolve the estimation ambiguity problem. Compared to conventional methods, the proposed algorithm requires no peak search, maintains larger aperture and achieves better DOA estimation performance. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of our approach.     

基于旋转均匀圆阵的单近场源参数估计解模糊算法

基于阵列的信源定位在无线通信、雷达、声纳等领域运用广泛.针对均匀圆阵下单个高频近场源参数估计存在相位模糊的情况,本文提出利用旋转使同一阵元形成虚拟短基线的解模糊算法.首先,为了对旋转前后两组观测数据进行配准,在圆阵中心设置参考阵元并利用其初始相位差对其他阵元数据进行相位补偿;随后,在通过复共轭积计算各阵元旋转前后无模糊相位差的基础上,使用最小二乘法反演出近场源的方位、俯仰和距离;进一步地,利用反演得到的无模糊近场源参数消除旋转前最长基线阵元间接收信号的相位差模糊,得到长基线下的高精度参数;最后,利用仿真实验验证了本文算法在高频单近场源下的解模糊性能.     

高斯白噪声下L阵二维波达方向快速估计

针对L型阵列,提出一种在高斯白噪声环境下的二维波达方向( DOA)快速估计方法。首先利用阵列结构特点构建两个互协方差矩阵,同时实现了噪声分量的有效抑制,再依据协方差矩阵的性质构造了波达方向矩阵。对该矩阵进行一次特征分解即可分别得到包含方位角和俯仰角信息的方向矢量和方向元素,实现二维DOA估计。该算法避免了传统算法的谱峰搜索或大矩阵构造及其特征分解过程,计算量小,且参数自动配对。仿真结果表明,该算法在低性噪比和少快拍下的估计精度与2 D ESPRIT算法近似,但计算复杂度大幅降低,适用于实时性高的工程应用背景。     

Study on monopulse angle measurement method based on virtual polarization matching

A monopulse angle measurement method for polarization array radar is studied in this paper. The receiving signal model is established and then a monopulse angle measurement method based on virtual polarization matching is proposed. To analyze the estimation performance, the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound （CRLB） of angle estimation is derived. Both theoretical analysis and simulation show that： firstly, the proposed method is superior to the traditional angle measurement methods based on the single polarization. Secondly, the performance of the new method is unrelated to the echo polarization. Thirdly, angle estimation of this method is asymptotically optimal. The results show that this method has great potential to be used in polarization array radar.     

基于压缩感知的宽频段二维DOA估计算法

针对2维DOA估计问题,该文提出一种基于压缩感知(CS)的宽频段2维DOA估计算法,能够同时得到多个窄带信号的中心频率、方位角和俯仰角。首先利用方位向和俯仰向的空间频率分别建立过完备稀疏字典,然后通过对阵列接收数据的压缩采样得到空间频率的高分辨估计,最后通过空域滤波实现中心频率、方位角和俯仰角之间的匹配。理论分析表明,该算法具有较高的估计精度与分辨力,对信噪比(SNR)要求不高,无需多维搜索过程,且经过压缩采样降低了运算量。仿真结果验证了算法的正确性与有效性。     

2D DOA and Frequency Estimation Method with One Vector-Sensor and Two Pressure Sensors Based on ESPRIT and Signal Power

We use one vector and two pressure sensors to form a sparse large aperture L-shape array for high performance two-dimensional (2D) direction of arrival (DOA) and frequency estimation. Because the number of sensors is small and there is only one vector sensor in the presented array, thus, the installation of sensors in the array is simpler and installation error is smaller, than the conventional array. Meanwhile, a high performance 2D DOA and frequency estimation method is presented. Firstly, utilizing single vector sensor and based on the ESPRIT, a group coarse 2D DOA and frequency parameters are obtained. Secondly, to restrain space noise or interference, a matrix filter is utilized to process the covariance matrix which comes from sensor array, so as to form a new covariance matrix which possesses high signal to noise ratio. Thirdly, utilizing the new covariance matrix and based on the ESPRIT again, accurate but ambiguity angles estimates are obtained. Fourthly, one signal power estimator and one optimization method are presented to solve the angle ambiguity and frequency ambiguity problems, respectively. The proposed method gains a high performance 2D DOA and frequency estimation results. Numerical simulations are performed to verify the feasibility of the proposed method.