基于改进SqueezeNet的颜色恒常性计算

由于成像设备存在的缺陷,容易引起成像色彩的偏移,影响图像算法的下游任务,因此需要采用颜色恒常性算法实现图像色彩的矫正,保证图像颜色与人眼看到的色彩保持一致.传统颜色恒常性算法的效果依赖于特定的光源环境,为了提升算法的适用范围和使用效率,提出了一种基于SqueezeNet框架的颜色恒常性计算模型,通过卷积图像网络感知图像光源,并引入了注意力机制和残差连接,提升网络对图像的理解和计算性能.网络同时预测输入图像各区域的光照颜色,再通过设计3种不同池化方式汇聚,输出图像的全局估计光源,最后利用估计光源矫正图像.实验结果表明,提出的光源估计算法能够有效地估计图像光照颜色,矫正图像色彩.     

基于改进图像导数框架的颜色恒常性计算方法

在基于图像导数框架的颜色恒常性算法的基础上,进一步考虑边缘类型和颜色通道间的相关性对于光照色度估计的影响,提出一种基于改进图像导数框架的颜色恒常性计算方法。根据导数图像中像素的饱和度提出一种饱和度权值方案;基于光学特性对导数图像中的边缘进行分类,通过引入照度准不变量提出类型相关的边缘权值方案;将两种权值方案与图像导数框架相结合,并据此进行光照色度估计,利用von Kries对角变换对偏色图像进行校正。实验结果表明该算法有效提高了光照色度估计的准确性,改善了颜色恒常性算法的效果。     

图像引导滤波的局部多尺度Retinex算法

Retinex算法是一种用于消除由光照变化给图像所带来的负面影响的图像增强算法。该算法的求解通常需要基于入射分量分段光滑的假设,利用正则化的方法迭代求解,计算效率低。文中基于一项最近提出的研究——"图像引导滤波",提出一种非迭代的Retinex算法框架。基于反射分量也满足分段光滑的假设,采用两次图像引导滤波克服了图像噪声所带来的影响。然后在基于小波变换域图像融合策略的基础上,提出基于图像引导滤波的多尺度Retinex算法,实现图像细节增强与颜色保真之间的平衡。实验结果表明,与各种算法相比,该算法在克服噪声、细节增强和颜色保真方面能够取得更好的效果。     

基于BP神经网络的颜色补偿模型

针对光源渐变等因素在机器视觉中产生的相关问题,提出了一种基于BP神经网络的图像颜色校正方法.该方法通过合适的训练集对BP神经网络进行大量训练,得到光照变化前后图像像素点之间的映射关系,从而建立了在渐变光照环境下的颜色恒常性模型.该方法不需要内建约束的自适应模型,对于输入的数据不需要对表面属性做特定假设,拥有自适应、自学习的特点.实验结果表明,该模型对室内真实环境中渐变日光下颜色的识别表现出较好的颜色恒常性.     

一种新颖的多视点图像规正算法

在多视点图像系统中,由于场景光照或相机标定的原因,通常会导致同一对象在不同视点位置颜色外表的不一致。传统的亮度补偿算法难以有效地解决这个问题。基于Retinex颜色恒常性理论,提出了一种新颖的多视点图像规正算法,通过直方图均衡化、Retinex处理和颜色恢复手段,提取出反映物体本质特征的反射光系数来消除不一致光照的影响,在增强单视点图像对比度的同时,将视点间图像的颜色规正到一致的水平。     

Embedded divide-and-conquer algorithm on hierarchical real-space grids: parallel molecular dynamics simulation based on linear-scaling density functional theory

A linear-scaling algorithm has been developed to perform large-scale molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations, in which interatomic forces are computed quantum mechanically in the framework of the density functional theory. A divide-and-conquer algorithm is used to compute the electronic structure, where non-additive contribution to the kinetic energy is included with an embedded cluster scheme. Electronic wave functions are represented on a real-space grid, which is augmented with coarse multigrids to accelerate the convergence of iterative solutions and adaptive fine grids around atoms to accurately calculate ionic pseudopotentials. Spatial decomposition is employed to implement the hierarchical-grid algorithm on massively parallel computers. A converged solution to the electronic-structure problem is obtained for a 32,768-atom amorphous CdSe system on 512 IBM POWER4 processors. The total energy is well conserved during MD simulations of liquid Rb, showing the applicability of this algorithm to first principles MD simulations. The parallel efficiency is 0.985 on 128 Intel Xeon processors for a 65,536-atom CdSe system.     

基于视锥细胞色适应生理机制的颜色恒常性计算

通过模拟人类底层视觉系统中的颜色恒常处理机制,提出基于视锥细胞色适应生理机制的颜色恒常性计算方法,利用视锥细胞的色适应计算代替基于灰度边缘假设的颜色恒常性计算方法所采用的Von Kries对角变换.实验结果及定量定性的分析表明本文方法比原计算模型下的算法颜色校正效果要好,能有效恢复图像中物体的本质颜色,且性能更稳定.从计算神经科学的角度,本文方法支持视锥细胞的色适应生理机制在视觉颜色恒常性中扮演重要角色的观点.     

Dynamic Texture Detection Based on Motion Analysis

Motion estimation is usually based on the brightness constancy assumption. This assumption holds well for rigid objects with a Lambertian surface, but it is less appropriate for fluid and gaseous materials. For these materials an alternative assumption is required. This work examines three possible alternatives: gradient constancy, color constancy and brightness conservation (under this assumption the brightness of an object can diffuse to its neighborhood). Brightness conservation and color constancy are found to be adequate models. We propose a method for detecting regions of dynamic texture in image sequences. Accurate segmentation into regions of static and dynamic texture is achieved using a level set scheme. The level set function separates each image into regions that obey brightness constancy and regions that obey the alternative assumption. We show that the method can be simplified to obtain a less robust but fast algorithm, capable of real-time performance. Experimental results demonstrate accurate segmentation by the full level set scheme, as well as by the simplified method. The experiments included challenging image sequences, in which color or geometry cues by themselves would be insufficient.     

Computing motion using analog VLSI vision chips: An experimental comparison among different approaches

We have designed, built and tested a number of analog CMOS VLSI circuits for computing 1-D motion from the time-varying intensity values provided by an array of on-chip phototransistors. We present experimental data for two such circuits and discuss their relative performance. One circuit approximates the correlation model while a second chip uses resistive grids to compute zero-crossings to be tracked over time by a separate digital processor. Both circuits integrate image acquisition with image processing functions and compute velocity in real time. For comparison, we also describe the performance of a simple motion algorithm using off-the-shelf digital components. We conclude that analog circuits implementing various correlation-like motion algorithms are more robust than our previous analog circuits implementing gradient-like motion algorithms.     

Color and illuminant voting

A geometric-vision approach to color constancy and illuminant estimation is presented in this paper. We show a general framework, based on ideas from the generalized probabilistic Hough transform, to estimate the illuminant and reflectance of natural images. Each image pixel “votes” for possible illuminants and the estimation is based on cumulative votes. The framework is natural for the introduction of physical constraints in the color constancy problem. We show the relationship of this work to previous algorithms for color constancy and present examples     

单一光照颜色恒常性计算研究进展

单一光照颜色恒常性计算研究是目前计算机视觉、机器学习等领域中最热门的研究课题之一。算法的合理性直接影响到自动白平衡等应用效果。目前颜色恒常性计算的方法多种多样,将其划分为无监督、有监督、算法的融合和颜色不变性描述的颜色恒常性计算方法。着重介绍了4类典型的颜色恒常性计算方法,分析了各自的优缺点。最后就颜色恒常性计算的性能评价方法以及发展趋势做了简单的论述。     

光照色调颜色恒常性算法研究

提出了一种新的适合于实时处理视频图像颜色识别的光照色调颜色恒常性算法。该算法主要解决在视频颜色识别中，由于近点光源的发散作用和在复杂背景影响下所造成的目标对象在图像局部各点上的颜色识别问题。在彩色感知的光学原理和数学模型基础上推导出了光照校正算法，并利用色调校正实现颜色恒常性。通过试验分析评估了各种识别算法，如光照校正、色调校正、光照色调校正、以及线性回归算法对颜色的校正效果，最后将测得的颜色差值和色调差值进行对比，证明了本算法对点光源散射作用引起的光照变化具有良好的校正作用，并证明了其算法理论推导的合理性。该算法的运算复杂度为O(n)，因而适合于视频的实时处理。     

A multistage neural network for color constancy and color induction

A biologically-based multistage neural network is presented which produces color constant responses to a variety of color stimuli. The network takes advantage of several mechanisms in the human visual system, including retinal adaptation, spectral opponency, and spectrally-specific long-range inhibition. This last stage is a novel mechanism based on cells which have been described in cortical area V4. All stages include nonlinear response functions. The model emulates human performance in several psychophysical paradigms designed to test color constancy and color induction. We measured the amount of constancy achieved with both natural and artificial simulated illuminants, using homogeneous grey backgrounds and more complex backgrounds, such as Mondrians. On average, the model performs as well or better than the average human color constancy performance under similar conditions. The network simulation also displays color induction and assimilation behavior consistent with human perceptual data.     

基于LP滤波和Retinex的光照补偿

针对彩色图像进行光照补偿后难以保持色彩恒常性的问题,提出一种基于Retinex和低通(LP)滤波的彩色图像光照补偿方法.将图像从RGB空间转换到HSV空间,保持H和S分量不变,对V分量使用LP滤波器V分量的高频成分H和低频成分VL,对VL采用Retinex算法进行光照补偿,利用VH和经光照补偿的VL及双重框架运算的LP...     

人造光照下的单幅雾天图像复原

当前基于单幅雾天图像复原算法的研究都是在光照充足的情形下（白天）,这种情形下的光照主要来自天空光。然而,对于在光照主要来自人造光（夜间）的雾天图像复原算法的研究屈指可数。因此提出了新的基于人造光照下的雾天成像模型,并同时考虑了不均匀的环境光和对图像的光照补偿。检测出光源位置,根据光源的发光特性求出环境光和光照补偿系数,利用提出的新模型求出清晰的图像,使用基于边缘颜色恒常性（EBCC）来对颜色进行校正。实验结果表明,该算法优于其他算法。     

一种鲁棒的多特征彩色图像检索新方法

为了提高彩色图像检索的准确性,以回归型支持向量机(SVR)理论为基础,结合重要的图像边缘信息,提出了一种鲁棒的多特征彩色图像检索新方法。该方法首先利用回归型支持向量机(SVR)理论,对原始图像进行去噪处理及彩色边缘提取;然后将整个彩色边缘划分成局部网格区域,并分别计算出每个网格区域的颜色直方图和纹理直方图;最后综合利用上述网格区域的颜色直方图和纹理直方图来计算图像间内容的相似度,并进行彩色图像检索。实验结果表明,该方法不仅能够准确、快速的检索出用户所需图像,而且对光照、锐化、模糊等噪声攻击均具有较好的鲁棒性。     

Color in perspective

Simple constraints on the sets of possible surface reflectance and illuminants are exploited in a new color constancy algorithm that builds upon Forsyth's (1990) theory of color constancy. Forsyth's method invokes the constraint that the surface colors under a canonical illuminant all fall within an established maximal convex gamut of possible colors. However, the method works only when restrictive conditions are imposed on the world: the illumination must be uniform, the surfaces must be planar, and there can be no specularities. To overcome these restrictions, we modify Forsyth's algorithm so that it works with the colors under a perspective projection (in a chromaticity space). The new algorithm working in perspective is simpler than Forsyth's method and more importantly the restrictions on the illuminant, surface shape and specularities can be relaxed. The algorithm is then extended to include a maximal gamut constraint on a set of illuminants that is analogous to the gamut constraint on surface colors. Tests on real images show that the algorithm provides good color constancy     

一种新颖的基于颜色信息的粒子滤波器跟踪算法

传统的基于直方图的粒子滤波器算法常常需要在准确表达颜色分布和计算效率之间做出妥协,从而影响跟踪算法的性能甚至导致跟踪算法失败.针对这一问题,文中提出一种新颖的基于颜色信息的粒子滤波器跟踪算法.该算法采用自适应剖分颜色空间的概率模型,能够用较少的子空间准确地表达目标的颜色分布.文中进一步提出一种推广的积分图像,通过在该积分图像上进行数组索引操作得到每一个子空间的像素数目、均值向量和协方差矩阵,从而能够快速地计算出颜色模型.然而在CPU上计算积分图像十分耗时,为此文中提出一种基于GPU的并行算法快速计算积分图像.该并行算法在显卡的GPU上创建3个线程网格,分别顺序执行3个Kernel函数,依次完成创建原始积分图像以及对它的行和列执行前缀求和算法的任务.同传统的基于直方图的粒子滤波器算法相比,新算法每帧平均跟踪时间显著减少,同时跟踪准确性和鲁棒性都有较大提高.     

基于遗传神经网络的颜色恒常感知计算模型

在机器视觉领域,颜色恒常性是实现计算机视觉颜色校正和保持机器对颜色识别稳定性的重要因素.该模型通过心理物理实验获得由人眼感知得到的颜色恒常感知数据,将其放入神经网络中进行样本训练,并用遗传算法优化BP神经网络的连接权值和阈值.将所建立颜色恒常感知计算模型应用到图像颜色校正,通过主观和客观两个方面对校正结果进行对比评价,结果表示所建立的颜色恒常感知计算模型计算精度和效率高、复杂度低,比几种经典算法处理误差要小,针对图像的颜色再现有着更为符合人眼感知的特性.