酶法合成头孢氨苄的反应-双水相萃取耦合过程

应用聚乙二醇(PEG)/硫酸镁双水相体系(ATPS)进行了酶法合成头孢氨苄的反应-双水相萃取的耦合过程研究.通过考察头孢氨苄、苯甘氨酸甲酯和7-氨基脱乙酰氧基头孢烷酸(7-ADCA)在ATPS中的分配行为建立了一个含20％(质量)PEG 400和12％(质量)硫酸镁的ATPS,在此体系中头孢氨苄的分配系数为6.7,苯甘氨酸甲酯的分配系数为1.5,7-ADCA的分配系数为1.2,且青霉素酰化酶的分配系数小于0.01.底物、产物以及催化剂的分配特性有利于构建双水相体系应用于酶法合成头孢氨苄的反应-双水相萃取的耦合过程.对此双水相体系中青霉素酰化酶的稳定性研究表明催化剂亦适合此体系的构建.进而将此体系应用于头孢氨苄酶法合成,产率为60％左右,相对水相体系20％左右的产率取得了较好的结果.     

青霉素RSE—POD机串联萃取工艺探索与应用

RSE离心机（固-液-液三相萃取分离机）为固-液-液三相立式分离机,是德国生产的新型离心机,具有处理量大、分离因数高、能够自动排渣的特点;美国生产的液-液卧式离心分离萃取机（POD机）,具有处理量大、萃取级数高（可达4级）、收率高的特点。在青霉素新萃取工艺开发中,充分利用这2种设备的优点,开发了RSE与POD机串联逆流萃取生产工艺,该工艺具有连续稳定、劳动强度小、产品质量好、收率高等优点。     

脂肪醇类溶剂对青霉素的萃取

研究了不同醇类及醇酯混合体系对青霉素的萃取. 在pH=4的条件下脂肪醇及醇酯混合体系的萃取能力均高于乙酸丁酯. 具有相同碳原子数、带支链的脂肪醇对青霉素的萃取能力比直链醇强,平衡后的有机相水含量下降. 红外光谱分析表明：乙酸丁酯的加入使脂肪醇羟基谱带变宽且明显向高波数方向位移,能阻止醇的多聚,使羟基活性增强. 激光拉曼光谱结果证明：青霉素是以反相微乳液的形式进入脂肪醇相的;支链的存在使体系的有序性和极性都明显增加.     

乳状液膜提取青霉素及其溶胀的研究

采用W／O型乳状液膜提取模拟发酵液中的青霉素,考察膜相添加剂、表面活性剂、载体、解析剂Na2CO3浓度、搅拌速度对青霉素传质和液膜溶胀的影响。以span80为表面活性剂、三辛胺为流动载体、液体石蜡为膜相添加剂、煤油为膜溶剂组成的乳状液膜体系。结果表明：青霉素提取率随表面活性剂和载体浓度的增加而明显增加。但表面活性剂浓度增加使液膜易产生再乳化,而再乳化和搅拌是夹带溶胀产生的主要原因;水的渗透(渗透溶胀)随载体和内相NaCO3浓度升高而增加。液膜溶胀是影响液膜技术工业化应用的关键因素之一。适宜的液膜配方和操作条件,有利于控制液膜溶胀,增加青霉素的提取率。在本研究中,青霉素的提取率最高可达91．5％,液膜溶胀率为16％。     

Extraction of penicillin G from simulated media by an emulsion liquid membrane process

The extraction of penicillin G from simulated media was performed by water/oil/water (w/o/w) emulsion liquid membranes (ELMs) and studied under various operational conditions in a batch system. The degree of extraction achieved was between 80% and 95% under specific conditions. A concentration of greater than nine times the initial concentration of penicillin G in the external phase was obtained in the internal phase. The pH of the internal aqueous solution, containing a basic salt, was theoretically calculated on the basis of the amount of penicillin G transported into the internal phase. The calculated results agreed with the experimental data well and were used to select a suitable type and concentration of a basic salt in the internal phase to give a pH within the range 5 to 8 where penicillin G was stable after the termination of extraction. The extraction of penicillin G was successfully performed by the ELM process with sodium carbonate in the internal phase.     

高效青霉素萃取助剂的合成研究

对发酵青霉素萃取助剂的种类及效果进行了综述,重点介绍了乙氧基脂肪二胺和脂肪酰胺复配破乳剂,并以牛油二胺和环氧乙烷为原料,氢氧化钾为催化剂,合成了乙氧基脂肪二胺,环氧乙烷反应率可达79.5%;用大豆植物油和三乙醇胺合成了油酰胺,以乙氧基脂肪二胺为主、油酰胺为辅制备了破乳剂,该破乳剂用于青霉素的提取,使用量300ppm,溶解情况良好,萃取液界面清晰,界面层厚度0.9~1.2mm,离心分层时间35s,青霉素提取收率（两步,二次结晶）90.6%,性能优于市售同类产品。     

液-液-液三相萃取研究进展及其在生化分离中的应用

对液—液—液三相萃取体系的研究进展进行了综述,并按照其特点进行分类,讨论了液—液—液三相萃取方法在各种复杂体系中的应用。重点介绍了该新型萃取体系用于生化产品分离的研究进展,同时还展望了其将来的应用及研究前景。     

A proposed method for the calculation of theoretical plates in liquid-liquid-solid three-phase extraction columns: Methanol,hexane and rapeseed meal system

A program is designed and tested to calculate the number of theoretical plates required in a LLS extraction column for the methanol, hexane, and rapeseed meal system. The calculation model takes into account the internal mixing effect of solid entrainment in the light phase. The concentration distribution along the column can also be obtained from the model by introducing the efficiency of real plates.     

Separation of Penicillin G from Fermentation Broth Using N,N-Dioctyloctan-1-amine Extractant in Different Diluents

The extraction of penicillin G was investigated using N,N-Dioctyloctan-1-amine (TOA) with different diluents having distinct functional groups. Nine diluents were used in the study, namely, octan-1-ol, nonan-1-ol, isoamyl alcohol, ethyl ethanoate, propyl ethanoate, methyl iso butyl ketone(MIBK), octan-2-one, octane, and decane. The measurements were performed at a temperature of 298.2 K. The experimental results of batch extractions were used to calculate distribution coefficients (K_D), loading factors (Z), and extraction efficiency (E). The highest distribution coefficient (K_D = 5.79) was obtained with isoamyl alcohol, and its extraction efficiency was 85.27%. Further, the highest loading factor was reached to a value of 0.130 at 0.374 mol.kg^?1 amine concentration. Overloading was not observed at any amine concentration. Solvatochromic model (Linear solvation Energy Relationship (LSER)) for data which obtained from alcohols experiments gives the good results as near as same to experimental results. Suitability of data between experiments and model predictions have been tested with root main square deviation (RMSD) with 0.99.     

Penicillin G extraction from model media using an emulsion liquid membrane: Determination of optimum extraction conditions

Penicillin G extraction by an emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) was investigated. The effects of surfactants, diluents, and carrier mixtures, together with their combined effects on the initial extraction rate and the emulsion stability were examined. Surfactants, diluents, and carriers used were Span80 (sorbitan monooleate)/ECA4360J (nonionic polyamine), n-butyl acetate/kerosene, and DOA (dioctylamine)/Amberlite LA-2 (secondary amine), respectively. The optimum extraction conditions were found to be 20% (v/v) of Span80 in ECA4360J as a surfactant, kerosene as a diluent and Amberlite LA-2 as a carrier.     

替考拉宁在不同液液萃取体系中分配系数的测定

Teicoplanin is one of the macrocyclic glycopeptide antibiotics, which is active against Gram-positive bacteria, and has attracted a lot of attention in the field of chiral separation recently. In this work, the partition coefficients and extraction ratio of teicoplanin in three different solvent systems were studied: conventional extraction, reactive extraction and reverse micelle extraction. With conventional solvent extraction, n-butanol demonstrated high partition coefficient for teicoplanin, but low extraction ratio because of its high solubility in water. Reactive extraction of teicoplanin showed the highest partition coefficient with almost 100% recovery in organic phase when tri-n-octylmethyl ammonium chloride (TOMAC) was used as extractant and pH value was above 5.0. A reverse micelle system, consisted of isooctane 10 mmol-L^-1 TOMAC -t-1% n-octanol, also offered high separation factor for teicoplanin. The results are beneficial for the design of teicoplanin separation and purification process.     

Determination of Teicoplanin A2's Partition Coefficient in Different Liquid-Liquid Extraction Systems

Teicoplanin is one of the macrocyclic glycopeptide antibiotics, which is active against Gram-positive bacteria, and has attracted a lot of attention in the field of chiral separation recently. In this work, the partition coefficients and extraction ratio of teicoplanin in three different solvent systems were studied: conventional extraction, reactive extraction and reverse micelle extraction. With conventional solvent extraction, n-butanol demonstrated high partition coefficient for teicoplanin, but low extraction ratio because of its high solubility in water. Reactive extraction of teicoplanin showed the highest partition coefficient with almost 100% recovery in organic phase when tri-n-octylmethyl ammonium chloride (TOMAC) was used as extractant and pH value was above 5.0. A reverse micelle system, consisted of isooctane 10mmol-L-1 TOMAC 1% n-octanol, also offered high separation factor for teicoplanin. The results are beneficial for the design of teicoplanin separation and purification process.     

苯氧甲基青霉素分离技术及其应用研究进展

综述了青霉素V(苯氧甲基青霉素)的理化分析方法、提取分离技术及其应用。重点介绍了其分离技术及应用,特别在生产下游产品技术方面的优势。同时在青霉素V技术展望中指出,降低青霉素V生产成本、技术耦合、清洁工艺开发等将成为今后技术发展的重要方向。     

The Extraction of Penicillin G with Aliphatic Amines in Organic Solvents of Different Polarities

The equilibrium constants of the extraction, the molar ratios of amines to penicillin G in the extract and the bonding structures of the extracted species were studied with chemical analysis and the absorbance shift of FT-IR spectra of the functional groups in penicillin G. Extraction of penicillin G from the filtrate of fermentation broth indicates that amines will be difficult to use as the industrial solvent for the production of penicillin G because of the poor quality of the final crystalline product obtained and the difficulties involved in the stripping and solvent recovery.     

青霉素发酵液直接氧化制备青霉素G亚砜反应条件优化

以过氧乙酸为氧化剂,研究了青霉素发酵液直接氧化制备青霉素G亚砜的过程,考察了不同影响因素对青霉素G亚砜转化率的影响,分析了氧化后菌丝中青霉素残留,建立并优化了青霉素发酵液直接氧化工艺。结果表明,搅拌转速、反应温度、过氧乙酸投料量、过氧乙酸浓度等因素是青霉素G亚砜转化率的关键影响因素,其他因素对青霉素发酵液直接氧化过程影响较小。过氧乙酸直接氧化青霉素发酵液可释放出残留在菌丝体内的青霉素,相比氧化青霉素G钾盐的转化率更高。最佳氧化工艺条件为反应温度5~10℃,搅拌转速100 r/min,30 min匀速加入青霉素摩尔量1.3倍的高浓度过氧乙酸,继续搅拌反应10 min。青霉素G亚砜的转化率可达98.6%,比青霉素G钾盐为原料的转化率提高1.2%。