1.25Cr0.5Mo钢缺口试样高温疲劳蠕变交互作用的试验研究

通过对1.25Cr0.5Mo钢半圆和V型缺口试样520℃和540℃环境下应力控制的梯形波加载试验,对1.25Cr0.5Mo钢缺口试样高温环境下疲劳蠕变交互作用的规律进行了研究。研究表明:1.25Cr0.5Mo钢缺口试样在高温环境下对应力的敏感性不高;与光滑试样不同,缺口试样高温环境疲劳蠕变交互作用下的破坏机制以疲劳为主;缺口试样高温环境疲劳蠕变交互作用的断裂寿命主要应力、温度和缺口形状的影响。     

一种疲劳-蠕变交互作用寿命预测模型及试验验证

基于延性耗竭理论和损伤力学,对材料疲劳-蠕变交互作用下的延性消耗、损伤、循环周次和失效寿命之间的关系进行了分析,在此基础上,建立了一种疲劳-蠕变交互作用的寿命预测模型,模型形式简单,非常便于实际工程应用。通过1.25Cr0.5Mo钢光滑试样540℃和520℃环境下应力控制的梯形波加载试验,用该模型进行了失效寿命的预测,可以很好地解释相同温度和加载条件下的寿命波动,预测结果与实测结果符合较好。     

三种疲劳蠕变交互作用寿命预测模型的比较及其应用

对疲劳蠕变交互作用寿命预测方法进行简单回顾,并分别介绍从能量耗竭、韧性耗竭、延性耗竭角度提出的三种应力控制疲劳蠕变寿命预测方法.通过文献试验数据和1.25Cr0.5Mo钢520℃应力控制、梯形波加载试验数据对上述三种模型的优缺点和适用范围进行评价.三种方法的预测精度都大大高于传统的频率分离法和应变能频率分离法;能量模型对应力应变控制模式都适用,延性耗竭模型预测精度最高,平均应变速率模型形式最简单,适用于应力控制下纯蠕变、纯疲劳或疲劳蠕变交互作用下的各种失效组合模式,拓宽了Monkman-Grant经验关系式的应用范围,因此具有重要的工程应用价值和应用前景.最后阐述平均应变速率模型的应用步骤.     

基于微观孔洞型损伤的疲劳蠕变寿命预测方法

孔洞型损伤是延性金属材料一种常见的破坏形式.对于材料疲劳蠕变破坏过程,文中提出等效孔洞体积概念,从微观唯象角度出发,综合考虑疲劳蠕变对孔洞体积长大的影响,得到一种微孔洞型疲劳蠕变寿命预测模型.以此模型对1.25Cr0.5Mo钢540℃应力控制下疲劳蠕变寿命进行预测,结果显示该模型具有很好的适用性.     

1.25Cr0.5Mo钢520℃疲劳蠕变交互作用研究

对1.25Cr0.5Mo钢进行520℃应力控制下的疲劳蠕变试验,应用频率分离法、应变能频率分离法进行了寿命预测,预测结果基本位于±2倍误差范围之内。对断口形貌进行了SEM分析,结果表明各种加载条件下的断口都有很多的韧窝和蠕变孔洞。当应力幅大于等于平均应力时,蠕变孔洞内壁上分布着同心条纹,且同心条纹的间距随着应力幅的减小而降低;当平均应力较大而应力幅较小时,蠕变孔洞近似各自独立形核长大;当应力幅略小于平均应力时,蠕变孔洞壁上间距较大的同心条纹是疲劳促进蠕变损伤的证据,而蠕变孔洞上少量脱落的颗粒,是蠕变加速疲劳损伤的证据。     

一种基于熵增理论的疲劳-蠕变交互作用损伤模型及试验验证

根据经典热力学理论,材料疲劳-蠕变交互作用下的损伤过程可视为系统熵增的累积,当熵增积累到临界值时,材料发生失效断裂。按此理论,并基于连续损伤力学和能量守恒定律,以系统熵增的变化来描述材料损伤,建立了一种疲劳-蠕变交互作用的损伤模型。为验证该模型,进行了540℃和520℃环境下1.25Cr-0.5Mo钢应力控制的梯形波加载试验,以材料的残余应变反映熵增积累,选取残余应变的变化作为损伤变量,用上述损伤模型进行了材料疲劳-蠕变交互作用的损伤演化描述,结果表明实测损伤点数据与该模型的损伤演化规律符合较好。     

不同温度下1Cr18Ni9Ti钢高温疲劳与蠕变的交互作用

为研究不同温度下高温疲劳与蠕变的交互作用,分别在600,625,650,675,700℃下对1Cr18Ni9Ti钢进行静态蠕变试验和高温疲劳-蠕变试验,得到了蠕变寿命和高温疲劳-蠕变寿命,并用数值模拟计算得到了不同温度下的高温疲劳寿命;之后,综合上述数据计算出了蠕变损伤和高温疲劳损伤,再结合带交互作用系数的寿命预测公式得到了不同温度下高温疲劳和蠕变的交互作用系数,最后研究了温度对交互作用系数的影响。结果表明:温度低于625℃时,交互作用系数为负数;温度高于625℃时,交互作用系数为正数;随着温度升高,交互作用曲线向蠕变损伤方向弯曲。     

30Cr1Mo1V转子钢应变控制下的蠕变--疲劳交互作用研究

在540 ℃和565 ℃下进行了30Cr1Mo1V带有保持时间的总应变控制轴向高温低周疲劳试验,保持时间 10～60 s,应变幅为0.6%～1.2%,采用拉应对称梯形波.对该材料蠕变-疲劳交互作用下的应力松弛现象及应变-寿命规律进行了研究.选取了几个常用的蠕变-疲劳寿命预测模型对试验数据进行分析,对各种预测模型的准确性进行了寿命预测因子和标准偏差分析.试验结果表明,随着控制应变幅的增加,第一、三阶段比例均呈增加趋势,第二阶段的比例呈现减小趋势;以应力下降比率作为参考变量,在整个寿命周期内,拉应力松弛与压应力松弛基本一致,应力下降比率基本相同.采用线性累计损伤法和应变范围划分法的准确度较高,而频率修正法和应变能划分法的准确度较差;给出了各种方法的寿命预测公式.     

12Cr1MoV钢蠕变-疲劳交互作用特性曲线研制

在12Cr1MoV钢母材和焊接接头两种材料的疲劳寿命，蠕变寿命和蠕变-疲劳交互作用行为试验研究工作的基础上，在国内首次得出了可供工程应用的12Cr1MoV钢的蠕变-疲劳交互作用寿命评定曲线，并与ASME规范的相关曲线进行了比较，应用该曲线对一实例做了寿命评定。     

汽轮机转子钢在高温氧化环境下的疲劳裂纹扩展模型——疲劳与腐蚀交互作用的探讨

本文根据对30Cr2MoV转子钢室温及550℃下疲劳裂纹扩展速率的试验结果,分析了疲劳与氧化腐蚀交互作用的动态过程。在此基础上提出了一种交互作用的模型,由此模型可以预测氧化腐蚀严重影响试件寿命的条件。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.