掺杂Cu的（In2Te3）0.08（SnTe）0.92化合物热电性能

(In2Te3)x(SnTe)1-x系列化合物具有较低的电导率和热导率,热电性能较差。考虑到其中的In2Te3单元具有三分之一的阳离子空位,可以通过掺杂Cu等外来原子来占据In的空位,使化合物的载流子浓度达到最优化,降低材料的热导率从而改善其热电性能。本组实验中,采用真空熔炼、机械球磨及放电等离子烧结技术制备了(In2-x Cux Te3)0.08(SnTe)0.92(x=0.025,0.05,0.2)系列化合物。测试结果表明,掺杂不同摩尔数的Cu元素后,材料的Seebeck系数几乎没有变化,电导率有所提高,晶格热导率L值大幅度降低,成功地抑制了高温区(In2Te3)0.08(SnTe)0.92的双极扩散效应。当x=0.2时,该化合物在647 K取得最大ZT值0.29,是掺杂Cu元素前ZT值的4.6倍。     

掺杂Al的(In2Te3)0.09(SnTe)0.91化合物热电性能

以等摩尔分数的Al元素替代(In2Te3)0.09(SnTe)0.91中的In元素,利用放电等离子烧结技术、采用相同的工艺制备了(In2Te3)0.09(SnTe)0.91和(In1.9Al0.1Te3)0.09(SnTe)0.912种化合物,并对两者的微观结构和热电性能进行对比。结果表明,掺杂Al元素后,材料的Seebeck系数降低很小,电导率为1×1052.3×1051·m1,是掺杂前的2.43倍,晶格热导率L值大幅度降低。在693K时,掺杂Al后的化合物ZT值达到最大值0.4,是同温度下掺杂前ZT值的2倍。     

Thermoelectric Properties of P-Type Ga2Te5 Based Compounds

采用放电等离子烧结技术(SPS)制备P型复相Ga2Te5基化合物,对其进行微观分析和热电性能测试。通过XRD分析观察到主相Ga2Te5和少量的SnTe、单质Te。在整个测试温度(319～549K)范围内,Ga2Te5基化合物的Seebeck系数、电导率和热导率都随温度的升高而降低。由于具有相对较低的热导率和较高的电导率,Ga2SnTe5在549K时取得了最高ZT值0.16。     

P型Ga_2Te_5基化合物的热电性能(英文)

采用放电等离子烧结技术(SPS)制备P型复相Ga2Te5基化合物,对其进行微观分析和热电性能测试。通过XRD分析观察到主相Ga2Te5和少量的SnTe、单质Te。在整个测试温度(319～549K)范围内,Ga2Te5基化合物的Seebeck系数、电导率和热导率都随温度的升高而降低。由于具有相对较低的热导率和较高的电导率,Ga2SnTe5在549K时取得了最高ZT值0.16。     

Cu_(y)Bi_(2)Te_(2.62)S_(0.08)Se_(0.3)热电材料的微观结构与热电性能EI北大核心CSCD

采用合金设计、真空熔炼、快速凝固、球磨制粉、冷压成形和常压烧结工艺,制备了Cu、S掺杂的n型Bi_(2)Te_(2.7)Se_(0.3)热电材料,采用XRD、SEM和ZEM-3热电测试系统等表征热电材料晶体结构、微观形貌和热电性能,研究Cu、S掺杂的n型Bi_(2)Te_(2.7)Se_(0.3)热电材料热电性能机理。结果表明:Cu_(y)Bi_(2)Te_(2.62)S_(0.08)Se_(0.3)热电材料晶体结构为R-3m空间群斜方晶系的六面体层状结构;掺杂Cu的Cu_(y)Bi_(2)Te_(2.7)Se_(0.3)热电材料,形成Cui间隙缺陷和Bi′Te反位缺陷,随着载流子(电子)浓度增加,载流子迁移率降低,电导率显著增大;掺杂S的Bi_(2)Te_(2.62-z)SzSe_(0.3)热电材料,生成化学键健能较Bi-Te强的Bi-S,抑制反位缺陷Bi′Te形成,少数(空穴)载流子浓度减小,同时增强声子对声子散射和点缺陷对声子散射,从而使晶格热导率和双极扩散热导率降低,总热导率明显降低,抑制塞贝克系数的减少;Cu、S共掺杂的协同作用,n型Cu_(y)Bi_(2)Te_(2.62-z)SzSe_(0.3)热电材料电导率增大,而热导率基本不变,由此ZT值和功率因子显著提高;在300~400 K温度范围内,Cu_(0.03)Bi_(2)Te_(2.62)S_(0.08)Se_(0.3)的电导率约为7.0×10^(4)S/m,塞贝克系数约为220μV/K,功率因子约为2.4 m W/(m·K^(2)),热电优值(ZT值)约为1.0。Cu_(0.03)Bi_(2)Te_(2.62)S_(0.08)Se_(0.3)热电材料可广泛应用于低温尤其室温条件下的热电制冷器件和温差发电电池。     

SPS法制备的三元合金Ag0.405Sb0.532Te的热电性能

采用放电等离子烧结法(SPS)制备了三元合金Ag0.405Sb0.532Te,并研究了它的输运性能,即Seebeck系数、电导率和热导率。结果表明,当温度从316K上升到548K时,电导率从7.6×104S·m-1下降到6.6×104S·m-1。在438K以上,热导率随温度上升逐渐增加,低于438K时,热导率趋于稳定,约为0.86W·(K·m)-1。无量纲热电优值ZT在548K时取得最大值0.65,稍高于Ag0.365Sb0.558Te三元合金的0.61。与掺Ag的AgxBi0.5Sb1.5-xTe3(x=0～0.4)合金相比,热电性能得到了改善。并再次讨论了AgxBi0.5Sb1.5-xTe3合金中析出的第二相Ag-Sb-Te三元合金的作用机制。     

共掺杂Cu,Te后禁带宽度变窄对In2Se3基半导体热电性能的影响

α-In2Se3是一类A2ⅢB3Ⅳ型宽带隙半导体材料。但在α-In2Se3化合物中共掺杂适量的Cu,Te后发现禁带宽度(Eg)变窄,Eg值由本征态时的1.32eV减小到1.14eV。掺杂后电学性能得到了大幅度的改善。最大功率因子由0.7610-4增大到2.810-4W·m-1·K-2;最大热电优值(ZT)从本征态时的0.25提高到0.63。高分辨电镜(HRTEM)观察结果表明,在未掺杂时,α-In2Se3呈现非晶状组织,共掺杂Cu,Te后,微结构则转变成明显的多晶组织。在温度高于500K时,掺杂后晶格热导率的适量提高与该微结构转变有直接联系。     

添加Sb的Ga2Te3合金热电性能

本研究采用等摩尔分数的Sb元素替换Ga2Te3中的Ga元素,并利用放电等离子烧结技术制备Ga1.9Sb0.1Te3合金,研究其微观结构和热电性能。结果表明,添加Sb元素后,材料的Seebeck系数为130～240μV/K,明显低于单晶Ga2Te3,电导率为3600～1740??1·m?1,至少是单晶Ga2Te3的17倍,热导率提高近25%。在649K时Ga1.9Sb0.1Te3合金的热电优值(ZT)达到最大值0.1,是同温度下单晶Ga2Te3ZT值的3倍。     

SPS法制备n-型Ag掺杂四元Ag-Bi-Se-Te 合金及其热电性能

采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)方法制备Ag掺杂四元Ag-Bi-Se-Te合金,并分析研究其热电性能.结果表明:掺杂Ag后,合金AgxBi(2-x)Se0.3Te2.7(x=0.005～0.04)的Seebeck系数均为负值,说明材料属于n-型半导体;当温度大约在428.0K时,x=0.04合金的Seebeck系数绝对值(|a|)出现最大值,其值为1.80×10-4V·K-1,比三元合金Bi2Se0.3Te2.7的最大值增大约16%;材料电导率随Ag含量的增加而下降.如果采用相同方法制备且成分按(Bi2Te3)0.9-(Bi2-xAgxSe3)0.1(x=0～0.4)设计的材料热扩散系数进行估算,当温度在477.0 K时,合金AgxBi(2-x)Se0.3Te2.7(x=0.04)的ZT值出现最大值,其值为0.75,比典型三元合金Bi2Se0.3Te2.7的最大值增大约0.09.     

SPS法制备AgSb1-xGaxTe2(x=0~0.2)的微结构和热电性能

采用放电等离子烧结技术(SPS)制备了AgSb1-xGaxTe2 (x=0～0.2),并研究其微结构和热电性能.结果表明:AgSb1-xGaxTe2具有与AgSbTe2相同的晶体结构,并形成了第二相AgGaTe2;掺Ga后,合金的Seebeck系数高于未掺Ga的参照样品AgSbTe2,热导率也低于AgSbTe2;在375 K时,摩尔分数x为0.1的合金AgSb0.9Ga0.1Te2的最大ZT值达到0.29,比AgSbTe2约高0.08.     

冷拉珠光体钢丝的组织演变及性能变化

研究了冷拉70钢的组织演变和性能变化。结果表明，随应变量的提高，70钢的抗拉强度和硬度均提高。抗拉强度、硬度与真应变之间呈线性关系。利用场发射扫描电镜（FEM）对70钢冷拉变形过程中的组织演变进行了分析。变形过程中珠光体团发生转动，取向与拉拔轴线趋于一致，渗碳体经历了弯曲、剪切、拉伸等变形，形变量较大时渗碳体大量溶解。     

冷拉珠光体钢丝的组织演变及性能变化

研究了冷拉70钢的组织演变和性能变化。结果表明,随应变量的提高,70钢的抗拉强度和硬度均提高,抗拉强度、硬度与真应变之间呈线性关系。利用场发射扫描电镜(FEM)对70钢冷拉变形过程中的组织演变进行了分析。变形过程中珠光体团发生转动,取向与拉拔轴线趋于一致,渗碳体经历了弯曲、剪切、拉伸等变形,形变量较大时渗碳体大量溶解。     

Effect of Annealing and Cold Work on Mechanical Properties of Beta III Titanium

Experiments have been carried out to study the effect of annealing and cold work (CW) on the mechanical properties of beta III Ti alloy. Material was annealed at different temperatures above the beta transformation temperature, and then cold drawn to about 53% area reduction. Cyclic tensile test was performed to study the evolution of mechanical properties and the recoverable strain during process. Results show that the effect of annealing and CW is closely related to the stress-induced martensite (SIM) phase transformation. Lower annealing temperature results in higher strength and recoverable strain, which is further increased by CW. A total recoverable strain of ~3.2% was obtained from the annealed and CW sample.     

Effects of post-deformation annealing conditions on the behavior of lamellar cementite and the occurrence of delamination in cold drawn steel wires

The effects of post-deformation annealing temperature and time on mechanical properties and the occurrence of delamination in cold drawn steel wires were investigated. For the low temperature annealing, the carbon dissolution into lamellar ferrite due to strain aging would enhance not only the increase of strength but also the occurrence of delamination. However, as annealing temperatures and annealing time increase further, age softening, including such as the break-up and the spheroidization of lamellar cementite, starts to operate. Consequently, the reduction of carbon content dissolved in lamellar ferrite would result in the decrease of tensile strength and suppress the occurrence of delamination. The voids formed at the surface of globular cementite particle, which were produced during post-deformation annealing at high temperatures for a long time, would act as one of the origins for delamination during torsion.     

Effects of drawing strain and post-annealing conditions on microstructural evolution and tensile properties of medium- and high-carbon steels

Variation in the microstructure and tensile properties with the warm drawing strain and subsequent annealing of 0.45 wt% C (45C) medium-carbon steel and 0.82 wt% C (82C) high-carbon steel was investigated. The morphology and size of ferrite and pearlite changed considerably with applied strain during drawing and with annealing temperature and time, which made the tensile properties of the drawn steels vary considerably. With increasing drawing strain to ~2.5, the yield strength increased significantly from 393 to 1332 MPa for the 45C steel and from 673 to 1876 MPa for the 82C steel; this was attributed mainly to the strain hardening caused by severely deformed ferrite and/or enhanced particle hardening caused by cementite segmentation. During annealing of heavily drawn steels, ferrite grain growth and coarsening of broken cementite particles occurred simultaneously, which caused effective recovery of the ductility of severely drawn steels. These results demonstrate that the tensile strength and elongation of medium- and high-carbon steel wires can be tuned considerably by controlling the extents of drawing and annealing, thereby widening their applicability and facilitating their manufacture to match their mechanical properties to each application.     

Property of Amorphous/Nanocrystalline Hybrid Wires of TiNi-Base Shape Memory Alloys

The microstructures and mechanical properties of amorphous/nanocrystalline hybrid TiNi wires produced by severe cold drawing were investigated. Annealed wires of Ti-50.9?mol%Ni and Ti-41?mol%Ni-8.5?mol%Cu were subjected to severe cold drawing of 50-70% reduction. The as-drawn TiNi wires were composed of the mixture of amorphous phase and predominantly B2 nanocrystalline phase. Young??s modulus increased with the drawing reduction which can be attributed to the increase in the amount of amorphous phase. For the binary TiNi wires, the volume fraction of amorphous phase was estimated to be about 60% from Young??s modulus and electrical resistivity. The wires drawn over 60% exhibited peculiar large linear elastic strain which is quite different from superelasticity. Aging at 573?K led to an increase in tensile elongation as well as in the recoverable strain. The amorphization by cold drawing was also confirmed for Ti-41?mol%Ni-8.5?mol%Cu in 62% drawn wires.     

高温长时退火后纯铜丝的组织与性能

将ø8 mm退火态T2纯铜棒材,通过工业拉丝机进行多道次冷拉拔变形,最终得到ø3.5 mm的拉拔态试样,对其进行了600 ℃保温不同时间的退火试验,并通过组织形貌的观察、力学和电学性能的测试,研究了退火后纯铜试样组织与性能的关系。结果表明:拉拔态纯铜组织经退火后形成新的再结晶晶粒,并伴有退火孪晶比例的增加。随着退火时间的增长,再结晶晶粒不断长大,抗拉强度和断后伸长率小幅波动。退火态试样的平均抗拉强度为拉拔态的67.3%,平均断后伸长率是拉拔态试样的8倍,平均导电率比拉拔态提高约3.3%,且随着退火时间的增加导电性得到逐步提高。     

冷拉拔珠光体钢丝的组织结构和残余应力(英文)

采用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射技术,分别研究了珠光体钢在冷拉拔过程中的组织结构和残余应力演化。随着拉拔应变量的增大,珠光体团逐渐转向拉拔方向。影响珠光体钢丝屈服应力和抗拉强度的关键因素是珠光体片层间距,它们之间满足Hall-Petch公式,通过拉伸试验求得其中k值为567.4kN·m-3/2。钢丝残余应力的X射线衍射测量结果表明,随着应变量增加,钢丝的应力增大,这与拉拔过程中的加工硬化有关。     

Influence of Post-Weld Annealing on Transformation Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Laser-Welded NiTi Alloy Wires

The influence of annealing on the transformation behavior, mechanical, and functional properties of laser-welded NiTi wires was investigated. The results show that Ti₃Ni₄ precipitates occur after post-weld annealing and coarsen with increasing annealing temperature. The as-welded specimen exhibits one-step B2 → B19′ transformation, while the annealed ones show two-step B2 → R → B19′ transformation. Annealing at 400 °C for 1 h can improve the tensile strength and superelasticity of the welded joints. However, these properties decrease when annealing at 500 °C for 1 h. The change of mechanical and functional properties after annealing is attributed to the different size of Ti₃Ni₄ precipitates. Annealing to produce smaller coherent precipitates (10 nm) improves the mechanical and functional properties of the welded joints. As the Ti₃Ni₄ precipitates coarsen, the mechanical and functional properties decrease.     

合金元素及中间退火对Cu-Cr系形变原位复合材料组织和性能的影响

采用冷拔结合中间退火工艺制备出Cu-13%Cr-0.24%Zr、Cu-15%Cr-0.24%Zr和Cu-15%Cr形变原位复合线材。研究了Cr含量、Zr元素、中间退火温度及次数对线材极限抗拉强度及导电性能的影响。结果表明:Zr元素可显著提高材料的强度,且对其导电性能影响不大;提高Cr元素含量,对材料的强度有一定贡献,但效果不明显。增加中间退火次数和提高中间退火温度都会使材料的极限抗拉强度降低,导电率升高。本实验中,通过两次500oC中间退火工艺制备的Cu-15%Cr-0.24%Zr线材获得较为优异的综合性能,抗拉强度达到1056MPa,导电率达到73%IACS。