7A04铝合金/304不锈钢连续驱动摩擦焊及焊后热处理

对7A04铝合金与304不锈钢异种材料进行了摩擦焊接试验,并对接头进行了不同温度、不同时间的退火处理.对接头飞边形貌、抗拉强度、断口形貌、金相组织、显微硬度等进行对比分析.结果表明,采用合适的工艺参数能获得形貌良好的飞边和更好的抗拉强度,焊合区的铝合金组织发生动态再结晶,晶粒细化,组织比基材更加致密,结合面两边互有元素扩散,焊合区显微硬度高于基材.经400℃×3 h退火处理的接头其抗拉强度提升明显,界面形成了不同的金属间化合物,扩散层厚度略有增加,显微硬度值有所下降.     

Fe3Al/Q235异种材料扩散焊工艺

探讨了Fe3Al／Q235异种材料扩散焊合适的焊接工艺，利用扫描电镜(SEM)和显微硬度计观察测量了Fe3Al／Q235真空扩散焊接头形态及显微硬度分布，分析了工艺参数对接头性能的影响。结果表明，真空扩散焊加热温度1080℃，加压9．8MPa，保温60min得到的Fe3Al／Q235接头界面结合良好，在扩散界面无明显脆硬相出现，有利于避免接头处出现裂纹，改善Fe3Al／Q235焊接接头的性能。     

采用Ni基合金为中间层的TC4钛合金扩散焊接工艺

采用Ni基非晶态合金作为中间层对TC4钛合金进行了不同工艺参数的真空搭接扩散焊试验,通过对接头性能测试及对接头微观组织分析,研究了扩散焊工艺参数对接头性能的影响规律.试验结果表明,焊接温度和保温时间对接头质量有很大的影响.在本试验条件下,TG4钛合金添加Ni基合金为中间层扩散焊的最佳焊接工艺为焊接温度1 020℃、焊接...     

FeCrAl合金材料真空扩散焊工艺实验研究

分析了影响真空扩散焊的工艺参数,研究了电热合金材料FeCrAl扩散焊的可焊接性能,通过对FeCrAl合金层板进行真空固相扩散焊和真空液相扩散焊实验,得到适合该材料的真空扩散焊工艺参数.焊后试件拉伸实验的强度极限最高为792.376MPa,与母材相近,焊接效果良好.     

高熵合金CoCrFeMnNi/不锈钢真空扩散焊

采用真空扩散焊方法实现了CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金与304不锈钢在900℃~1000℃下的稳固连接。利用扫描电镜、EDS能谱分析、显微硬度测试和拉伸试验机研究扩散焊温度对原子界面行为和接头机械性能的影响规律。结果表明,温度较低时,界面上存在大量的孔洞,随着温度的升高,孔洞逐渐消失。结合EDS能谱分析和硬度测试结果可知,反应层成分为FCC固溶体,没有金属间化合物产生。所有接头拉伸后断裂均发生在远离界面的高熵合金一侧,随着扩散焊温度的升高,抗拉强度略微升高,应变明显增大,这可能与第二相的数量有关,1000℃时接头的抗拉强度和应变均达到最大值,分别为585MPa和50%。     

真空扩散焊热循环对2A14铝合金接头界面演变的影响

分别选取500,530,560 ℃焊接温度,进行2A14铝合金真空扩散焊,保温时间为60 min,焊接压力为4 MPa,真空压力低于3.4×10-3 Pa.焊后用扫描电镜(SEM)观察接头的焊合率、界面和母材组织形貌.结果表明,在500 ℃固溶线以下温度进行2A14铝合金扩散焊时,主要是界面微区塑性变形破碎氧化膜,实现局部微量的金属之间连接,焊合率很低.温度继续升高到530 ℃,超过固溶线温度,但小于Al-Cu共晶温度时,增加了界面CuAl2相结合机理,焊合率有明显提高.焊接温度在Al-Cu共晶温度以上,达到560 ℃时,CuAl2相完全溶解并在晶界生成共晶液相.该液相挤压、破碎界面氧化膜,并填充界面微孔,焊接接头界面呈正弦波状界面形貌,因而焊合率显著提高.根据这一分析结果,建立了晶界液相生成与界面氧化膜的破碎模型.     

热处理对Ti2AlNb线性摩擦焊接头组织与硬度的影响

对Ti₂AlNb合金进行了线性摩擦焊试验以及焊后热处理研究. 着重分析了Ti₂AlNb合金线性摩擦焊接头焊合区,热力影响区的显微组织特点以及组织演变规律,结合焊后热处理,探讨了热处理温度对接头的影响规律. 试验结果表明,采用线性摩擦焊可实现Ti₂AlNb合金可靠连接,接头无微裂纹、孔洞等缺陷. 焊态Ti₂AlNb合金接头的焊合区为亚稳态β组织和极少量的变形α₂相,热力影响区含变形α₂相和O相,以及亚稳态β相. 热处理后,针状O相在亚稳态β相中析出,并随着热处理温度升高(从700 ~ 900 ℃)而长大. 700 ℃热处理后,接头显微硬度明显升高,但随着热处理温度的升高,显微硬度下降.     

钛合金线性摩擦焊接头焊接缺陷分析

本文选用几种不同工艺参数对TC17钛合金进行线性摩擦焊试验。采用填埋热电偶的方法测量焊接过程中界面温度,运用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜等测试手段对接头焊接缺陷进行深入分析,利用显微硬度仪测量了两种不同参数下接头的显微硬度分布。研究表明：当振幅a=1mm时,焊接过程中热输入严重不足,无法得到良好的焊接接头,焊接过程中界面最高温度仅达到相变点附近,而采用a=3mm焊接时,界面温度可以达到1170℃。振幅a=1mm得到的TC17(α+β)/TC17(β)钛合金线性摩擦焊接头界面会出现孔洞、磨损颗粒、氧化物及夹杂、局部未焊合等焊接缺陷。显微硬度测试结果表明：在a=3mm参数下接头焊缝中心显微硬度值最低,相反残留氧化物及夹杂的存在使得振幅a=1mm时得到的接头焊缝中心显微硬度值达到最大。     

钛合金/纯铝异种金属摩擦焊接工艺

进行了TC4钛合金与L5纯铝异种金属的摩擦焊接工艺及其焊后回火热处理工艺研究,利用光学金相分析、扫描电镜EDX线扫描、拉伸性能及硬度的测试,探讨了TC4钛合金与L5纯铝异种焊接接头焊合区的微观组织及其力学性能.研究表明,T℃4钛合金与L5纯铝间具有良好的摩擦焊接性,焊合区无金属间化合物相生成,焊接接头强度等于或高于铝基材.经焊后回火热处理,摩擦焊接头两侧主要合金元素的扩散区宽度增大,焊合区钛合金侧的硬度值因时效作用而有所提高.     

Ni夹层AZ31B/Cu异种材料接触反应钎焊接头组织及性能分析

采用Ni箔作为中间层,对AZ31B/Cu异种金属进行接触反应钎焊试验。对不同工艺参数下所得接头扩散区的组织及性能进行研究,从而找出最佳工艺参数范围。结果表明:当500℃×30 min时,焊接接头组织致密,界面接触良好,接头扩散区由Cu侧灰白色化合物层、层片状共晶组织层和深灰色Mg基体扩散层组成;当焊接温度500℃保温10~30 min时,焊合效果良好,无冶金缺陷;随着保温时间的延长,接头界面区主元素互扩散能力和扩散区宽度均升高;不同保温时间下钎焊接头的显微硬度分布规律基本一致,从Cu侧到Mg基体均呈先增后减的变化趋势,且接头扩散区的显微硬度明显高于两侧母材。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。