基于酶型生物燃料电池发展的自供电生物传感器的应用进展

重点综述了基于酶型生物燃料电池发展的自供电式生物传感器的工作原理和在检测分析酶的底物、酶抑制剂以及临床上病毒与生物标志物等方面的研究进展,并对今后的研究趋势进行了展望。     

生物电化学

生物电化学即运用电化学的技术、原理和理论来研究生物学事件。本文对生物电化学的研究范围及其在生物伽伐尼电池、生物燃料电池、传感器电极、膜电位等领域中的应用作了简单介绍。     

纳米材料在生物燃料电池中的应用

酶生物燃料电池的寿命短以及能量密度低都与酶的稳定性、电子迁移速率和酶载量相关。采用纳米粒子、纳米纤维和介孔介质作为酶固定化的支持物,由于纳米材料巨大的表面可以增加酶载量和促进反应的发生,从而提高生物燃料电池的能量密度。将纳米材料应用于酶生物燃料电池的酶催化剂的固定,在完善电池性能上具有很大的发展潜力。     

酶法生物燃料电池的研究进展

酶法生物燃料电池对能量转换有许多积极的贡献,包括可更新的催化剂、燃料的多样性及室温下的操作能力,但是酶法生物燃料电池仍然被许多条件限制。文章综述了生物燃料电池的研究进展,并着重介绍了酶生物燃料电池的进展状况,提出了酶法生物燃料电池有效发展的限制性因素,找到了一种有效解决三维电极结构的方法。     

生物燃料电池研发获突破

<正>近日,中科院青岛生物能源与过程研究所生物传感技术团队在基于细菌表面展示酶的生物燃料电池研发方面取得重要突破,开发出具有较高能量输出和稳定性的新型生物燃料电池。该电池在连续工作55小时后仍可保持84%的最大输出功率,表现出很高的稳定性。业内人士认为,未来     

生物燃料热力学分析方法研究进展

介绍了基于净能量、有效能和能值的三种热力学分析方法的基本原理和方法评价,以及对玉米燃料乙醇等生物燃料的能量效益、环境效益和可持续性等复杂问题分析的应用进展,最后指出从热力学角度评价以玉米燃料乙醇为代表的生物燃料的综合效益所面临的挑战。     

胆红素氧化酶的生物电化学特性研究进展

从胆红素氧化酶的结构、来源、生物电催化的反应机制（铜离子活性中心的氧化还原电势、直接和介体参与的电子传递）、修饰电极的材料、固定化技术以及在生物燃料电池中的应用等方面介绍了胆红素氧化酶,提出了胆红素氧化酶的结构与来源、生物电催化,胆红素氧化酶燃料电池和胆红素氧化酶在电化学中的应用。     

微生物燃料电池研究和应用方面的最新进展

微生物燃料电池是一种利用微生物的催化作用将化学能转变为电能的生物装置。微生物燃料电池在作为可替代性能源、新颖的污水处理方法以及氧和污染物的生物传感器等方面具有较大的潜能,但仍需进一步优化。本文确定了限制微生物燃料电池应用操作的几种因素,并在其性能提高方面进行了探讨。     

酶型生物燃料电池的研究进展

本文综述了近期构建酶型生物燃料电池的电极材料、酶的固定方法以及酶型生物燃料电池应用的研究进展,分析了酶型生物燃料电池构建和应用面临的问题与挑战,展望了酶型生物燃料电池今后发展的方向。     

BOD生物传感器在水质监测中的应用研究

对BOD生物传感器在水质监测中的应用发展做了简要介绍,主要包括：BOD生物传感器工作原理、微生物的选择、传导装置的采用和微生物的固定三个方面核心技术的进展以及商业化等情况,并对BOD生物传感器的发展进行了展望.     

Boolean logic gates based on oxygen-controlled biofuel cell in “one pot”

The present paper is the first report on an enzymatic logic gates system based on oxygen-controlled biofuel cell (BFC). By accepting dual gas-input signals and resulting in the maximum power output changes of the compartmentless BFC with bioanode/biocathode-immobilized enzymes, such system permits AND and XNOR Boolean logic gates readily achieved, reset and interconverted into each other in “one pot”. On the basis of the built-in Boolean XNOR logic, the proof-of-concept oxygen-controlled biocomputing system with miniature BFC operating in serum enabled us to construct a potential self-powered and implantable medical system with the diagnosis aim, which could intellectually make logic decisions that whether the dissolved oxygen content in body fluid is within normal limits or not.     

Bioelectronic Devices Controlled by Biocomputing Systems

This paper outlines recent advances in the integration of enzyme-based biocomputing systems operating as Boolean logic gates and their networks with various bioelectronic devices. “Smart” switchable electrodes for biosensors and biofuel cells with built-in biomolecular logic were designed. Interfacing between the biocomputing systems and switchable electrodes resulted in bioelectronic devices controlled by complex patterns of variable biomolecular signals. Various biomedical applications of the novel logically-controlled bioelectronic devices are feasible.     

Bioelectrochemical interface engineering: toward the fabrication of electrochemical biosensors, biofuel cells, and self-powered logic biosensors

Over the past decade, researchers have devoted considerable attention to the integration of living organisms with electronic elements to yield bioelectronic devices. Not only is the integration of DNA, enzymes, or whole cells with electronics of scientific interest, but it has many versatile potential applications. Researchers are using these ideas to fabricate biosensors for analytical applications and to assemble biofuel cells (BFCs) and biomolecule-based devices. Other research efforts include the development of biocomputing systems for information processing. In this Account, we focus on our recent progress in engineering at the bioelectrochemical interface (BECI) for the rational design and construction of important bioelectronic devices, ranging from electrochemical (EC-) biosensors to BFCs, and self-powered logic biosensors. Hydrogels and sol-gels provide attractive materials for the immobilization of enzymes because they make EC-enzyme biosensors stable and even functional in extreme environments. We use a layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique to fabricate multicomponent thin films on the BECI at the nanometer scale. Additionally, we demonstrate how carbon nanomaterials have paved the way for new and improved EC-enzyme biosensors. In addition to the widely reported BECI-based electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)-type aptasensors, we integrate the LBL technique with our previously developed "solid-state probe" technique for redox probes immobilization on electrode surfaces to design and fabricate BECI-based differential pulse voltammetry (DPV)-type aptasensors. BFCs can directly harvest energy from ambient biofuels as green energy sources, which could lead to their application as simple, flexible, and portable power sources. Porous materials provide favorable microenvironments for enzyme immobilization, which can enhance BFC power output. Furthermore, by introducing aptamer-based logic systems to BFCs, such systems could be applied as self-powered and intelligent aptasensors for the logic detection. We have developed biocomputing keypad lock security systems which can be also used for intelligent medical diagnostics. BECI engineering provides a simple but effective approach toward the design and fabrication of EC-biosensors, BFCs, and self-powered logic biosensors, which will make essential contributions in the development of creative and practical bioelectronic devices. The exploration of novel interface engineering applications and the creation of new fabrication concepts or methods merit further attention.     

Evaluation of the electron transport chain inhibition and uncoupling of mitochondrial bioelectrocatalysis with antibiotics and nitro-based compounds

Mitochondrial bioelectrocatalysis can be useful for sensing applications due to the unique metabolic pathways than can be selectively inhibited and uncoupled in mitochondria. This paper details the comparison of different inhibitors and nitro-containing explosive uncouplers in a mitochondria-catalyzed biofuel cell for self-powered explosive sensing. Previous research has reported inhibition of pyruvate oxidation at a mitochondria-modified electrode followed by nitroaromatic uncoupling of current and power. We have previously used oligomycin as the antibiotic and nitrobenzene as the uncoupler of the membrane in the mitochondria-catalyzed biofuel cell, but no comprehensive comparison of various mitochondria inhibitors or explosives has been performed. Results are discussed here for inhibitors targeting complex I, complex III, ATP synthases, adenine nucleotide transport and monocarboxylic acid transport. Reactivation with nitrobenzene was possible in the presence of these inhibitors: oligomycin, 3,3′-diindolylmethane, atractyloside, rotenone, α-cyano-4-hydroxy cinnamic acid and antimycin A. All eleven explosives studied, including: 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), caused uncoupling of the mitochondria function and could be detected by the biosensor.     

Integration of biomolecular logic gates with field-effect transducers

The integration of biomolecular logic gates with field-effect devices – the basic element of conventional electronic logic gates and computing – is one of the most attractive and promising approaches for the transformation of biomolecular logic principles into macroscopically useable electrical output signals. In this work, capacitive field-effect EIS (electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor) sensors based on a p-Si–SiO₂–Ta₂O₅ structure modified with a multi-enzyme membrane have been used for electronic transduction of biochemical signals processed by enzyme-based OR and AND logic gates. The realised OR logic gate composes of two enzymes (glucose oxidase and esterase) and was activated by ethyl butyrate or/and glucose. The AND logic gate composes of three enzymes (invertase, mutarotase and glucose oxidase) and was activated by two chemical input signals: sucrose and dissolved oxygen. The developed integrated enzyme logic gates produce local pH changes at the EIS sensor surface as a result of biochemical reactions activated by different combinations of chemical input signals, while the pH value of the bulk solution remains unchanged. The pH-induced charge changes at the gate-insulator (Ta₂O₅) surface of the EIS transducer result in an electronic signal corresponding to the logic output produced by the immobilised enzymes. The logic output signals have been read out by means of a constant–capacitance method.     

Digital Biosensors with Built-in Logic for Biomedical Applications

This article overviews recent advances in biomedical applications of enzyme-based logic systems, particularly for the analysis of pathophysiological conditions associated with various injuries. Novel biosensors digitally processing multiple biomarker signals produce a final output in the form of YES/NO response through Boolean logic networks composed of biomolecular systems. The biocomputing approach applied to biosensors leads to high-fidelity biosensing compared to traditional single-analyte sensing devices. By processing complex patterns of multiple physiological biomarkers, such multi-signal digital biosensors should have a profound impact on the rapid diagnosis and treatment of diseases, and particularly can provide timely detection and alert of medical emergencies (along with immediate therapeutic intervention). The novel biosensing concept has been exemplified with the systems for logic analysis of various injuries, including soft tissue injury, traumatic brain injury, liver injury, abdominal trauma, hemorrhagic shock, and oxidative stress.     

Artificial intelligence/fuzzy logic method for analysis of combined signals from heavy metal chemical sensors

The cross-sensitivity of chemical sensors for several metal ions resembles in a way the overlapping sensitivity of some biological sensors, like the optical colour receptors of human retinal cone cells. While it is difficult to assign crisp classification values to measurands based on complex overlapping sensory signals, fuzzy logic offers a possibility to mathematically model such systems. Current work goes into the direction of mixed heavy metal solutions and the combination of fuzzy logic with heavy metal-sensitive, silicon-based chemical sensors for training scenarios of arbitrary sensor/probe combinations in terms of an electronic tongue. Heavy metals play an important role in environmental analysis. As trace elements as well as water impurities released from industrial processes they occur in the environment. In this work, the development of a new fuzzy logic method based on potentiometric measurements performed with three different miniaturised chalcogenide glass sensors in different heavy metal solutions will be presented. The critical validation of the developed fuzzy logic program will be demonstrated by means of measurements in unknown single- and multi-component heavy metal solutions. Limitations of this program and a comparison between calculated and expected values in terms of analyte composition and heavy metal ion concentration will be shown and discussed.     

微生物细胞工厂中代谢途径动态调控策略与网络构建

微生物细胞工厂生产目标产物时会面临营养物质消耗、代谢物积累、异源途径压力和遗传不稳定等问题,导致代谢失衡,因此需要对细胞代谢途径重新进行设计,使代谢途径根据发酵等环境条件的变化自动调节代谢通量,达到高效生产。本文首先介绍了动态调控元件的主要类型、调控机制及其应用,重点讲述了与诱导物或诱导因素作用的蛋白质转录因子调控元件和RNA核糖开关调控元件;并且从转录因子与启动子序列两个方面介绍了动态调控元件的设计与改造策略;随后总结了诱导调控元件应用于代谢途径动态调控网络构建的策略,基因表达调控已从单输入信号调控转向多输入信号逻辑门调控,通过多重诱导输入信号的逻辑门和闭环代谢物反馈回路构建更精确的动态调控网络。     

Site-specific immobilization of gold binding polypeptide on gold nanoparticle-coated graphene sheet for biosensor application

The effective and strong immobilization of enzymes on solid surfaces is required for current biological applications, such as microchips, biofuel cells, and biosensors. Gold-binding polypeptide (GBP), a genetically designed peptide, possesses unique and specific interactions with a gold surface, resulting in improved enzyme stability and activity. Herein we demonstrated an immobilization method for biosensor applications through site-specific interactions between GBP-fused organophosphorus hydrolase (GBP-OPH) and gold nanoparticle-coated chemically modified graphene (Au-CMG), showing enhanced sensing capability. A flow injection biosensor was fabricated by using GBP-OPH/Au-CMG to detect paraoxons, a model pesticide, showing higher sensitivity, lower detection limit and better operating stability compared that of OPH/Au-CMG. This strategy, which integrates biotic and abiotic moieties through site-specific interactions, has a great potential for use in biosensing and bioconversion process.     

基于证据理论的陶瓷智能感观评估

陶瓷感官评估结果的表达形式包括语言词汇、象征性符号和数值描述等，它们具有不确定性和不精确性。本文首先运用模糊逻辑技术对这些评估结果定量化，并基于证据理论提出了一种陶瓷智能感观数据融化方法，得到了基于感观数据的质量分级，并取得了较好的实验结果。