天然染料敏化太阳能电池的研究进展

简单回顾了染料敏化太阳能电池的发展以及目前存在的弊端,分析了天然染料作为染料敏化太阳能电池敏化剂的优、缺点及发展潜力。按所用天然染料种类的不同,详细综述了近年来天然染料敏化太阳能电池的国内外研究进展,进而合理分析和预测了天然染料敏化太阳能电池的发展趋势及实用化必须解决的关键问题。     

卟啉类有机化合物在染料敏化太阳能电池的应用研究进展

近年来,染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)由于低价格、易于制造成大面积、具有较宽的光谱响应范围,可接受的理论转换效率、制造工艺简单、对原料纯度要求不高、寿命长、对环境友好、应用前景广阔等优点而备受关注。染料光敏剂是DSSC的核心材料之一,其性能的优劣将对DSSC光电转化效率起着决定性的作用。介绍了DSSC的基本构造和光电原理,综述了作为光敏化剂的各种卟啉类有机化合物在染料敏化纳米晶太阳能电池中的应用。     

微藻提取物衍生叶绿酸敏化剂的制备及其敏化性能研究

染料敏化太阳能电池(dye-sensitized solar cells,DSSC)是一种新型的光电化学太阳能电池,制作工艺简单,成本低,具有较好的应用前景。以钝顶螺旋藻和莱茵衣藻萃取物为原料,衍生制备叶绿酸敏化剂,作为DSSC的光敏剂,发现在叶绿酸敏化剂溶液中适量保留天然微藻磷脂类共吸附剂有助于改善叶绿酸的敏化性能,提高电池的光电转化效率,所制备的钝顶螺旋藻和莱茵衣藻叶绿酸敏化剂DSSC的光电转化效率分别达到了4.28%和4.40%。     

染料敏化太阳能电池染料敏化剂的研究进展

染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)具有原材料丰富、制备成本低廉、工艺简单,在工业化生产中具有较大的竞争优势.在染料敏化太阳能电池中,敏化剂的分子结构及其在二氧化钛表面的聚集体形态对电池的性能都有很大的影响.本文详细介绍了不同染料敏化剂对于染料敏化太阳电池性能的直接影响,以及对其未来发展前景的分析和展望.     

太阳能电池中的几种新型敏化剂

染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)是近几十年来发展起来的新型的高效率、低成本的电池,而染料敏化剂的性能对DSSC的光电转换效率有重要的影响.介绍了敏化剂对TiO2的敏化作用机理,并着重概述了染料太阳能电池中的几种新型敏化剂的设计合成,在此基础上,指出研制高光电转换效率、成本低廉、环境友好、具有良好稳定性的敏化剂是未来敏化剂...     

含吡啶钌金属有机染料敏化剂的研究进展

在染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)中,染料敏化剂用以吸收光子,具有较宽光谱吸收范围,它直接决定了电池的能量转换效率,因而近年来得到飞速发展。文章简要的介绍了含吡啶钌染料敏化剂的优缺点及发展现状,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

含长共轭烯烃结构的天然染料敏化太阳能电池的制备与性能研究

文章选择含长共轭烯烃结构天然染料藏花素、虾青素、番茄红素和β-胡萝卜素用于染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)的制备,研究了这些天然染料的分子结构与DSSC性能的关系。研究结果表明,含有极性基团(如-OH等)的天然染料(如虾青素和藏花素)制备的DSSC具有较好的光电转换效率,极性基团是天然染料分子吸附于二氧化钛表面并应用于DSSC制备的必要条件。利用藏花素制备的单个电池器件的开路电压为0.548 V,光电转换效率为0.32%,这在天然染料DSSC器件中,性能是比较高的。     

羧基类不对称锌酞菁敏化染料的研究进展

染料敏化太阳能电池是太阳能电池的重要发展方向之一,染料敏化剂是影响电池光电转换效率的重要因素。探讨了染料敏化太阳能电池中羧基类不对称锌酞菁作为光敏剂的研究进展及其成果,提出对未来发展的展望。     

染料敏化太阳能电池光阳极的研究进展

介绍了染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)的主要结构和基本原理,着重阐述了染料敏化太阳能电池光阳极的最新研究结果,并对几种不同光阳极的优缺点进行了详细的描述。文章指出具有高的比表面积、电荷的快速传输通道以及优越的抑制电荷复合性能的多孔膜是未来DSSC电池光阳极的主要发展方向。     

染料敏化纳米晶薄膜太阳能电池用染料敏化剂的研究进展

染料敏化剂的性能是影响染料敏化太阳能电池光电转化效率的重要因素,关于染料敏化剂的研究是当前研究的热点之一。本文简要介绍了染料敏化剂在染料敏化纳米晶太阳能电池中的作用以及各种染料敏化剂的优缺点及发展现状,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

染料敏化太阳能电池的染料敏化剂的最新研究进展

染料敏化太阳能电池主要是模仿光合作用原理,通过染料敏化纳米半导体把太阳能转化为电能,这种电池近年来得到飞速发展,成果显著,已经引起全世界的广泛关注。本文简明扼要的介绍了DSSC的基本结构、工作原理和染料敏化剂的特点,综述了最新染料敏化剂设计合成路线、特点及其光电转化效率,并展望了今后染料敏化剂的研究与设计思路。     

Solid‐state dye‐sensitized and bulk heterojunction solar cells using TiO2 and ZnO nanostructures: recent progress and new concepts at the borderline

In the field of photovoltaic energy conversion, hybrid inorganic/organic devices represent promising alternatives to standard photovoltaic systems in terms of exploiting the specific features of both organic semiconductors and inorganic nanomaterials. Two main categories of hybrid solar cells coexist today, both of which make much use of metal oxide nanostructures based on titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and zinc oxide (ZnO) as electron transporters. These metal oxides are cheap to synthesise, are non‐toxic, are biocompatible and have suitable charge transport properties, all these features being necessary to demonstrate highly efficient solar cells at low cost. Historically, the first hybrid approach developed was the dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC) concept based on a nanostructured porous metal oxide electrode sensitized by a molecular dye. In particular, solid‐state hybrid DSSCs, which reduce the complexity of cell assembly, demonstrate very promising performance today. The second hybrid approach exploits the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) concept, where conjugated polymer/metal oxide interfaces are used to generate photocurrent. In this context, we review the recent progress and new concepts in the field of hybrid solid‐state DSSC and BHJ solar cells based on TiO₂ and ZnO nanostructures, incorporating dyes and conjugated polymers. We point out the specificities in common hybrid device structures and give an overview on new concepts, which couple and exploit the main advantages of both DSSC and BHJ approaches. In particular, we show that there is a trend of convergence between both DSSC and BHJ approaches into mixed concepts at the borderline which may allow in the near future the development of hybrid devices for competitive photovoltaic energy conversion. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

天然染料在纳米晶太阳能电池中的应用

本文介绍各类天然染料在染料敏化电池中的应用进展及发展方向,分析了各类染料的结构特点及其应用过程中的优缺点,并指出了天然染料敏化剂研究中的困难与问题,对天然染料作敏化剂的研究工作提出一些想法。     

New dye-sensitized solar cells obtained from extracted bracts of bougainvillea glabra and spectabilis betalain pigments by different purification processes

The performance of a new dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) based in a natural dye extracted from the Bougainvillea spectabilis' bracts, is reported. The performance of this solar cell was compared with cells prepared using extract of the Bougainvillea glabra and mixture of both extracts; in both cases the pigments were betalains, obtained from Reddish-purple extract. These dyes were purified to different extents and used for the construction of solar cells that were electrically characterized. The materials were characterized using FTIR and UV-Vis. Solar cells were assembled using TiO(2) thin film on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass; a mesoporous film was sensitized with the Bougainvillea extracts. The obtained solar energy conversion efficiency was of 0.48% with a current density J(SC) of 2.29 mA/cm(2) using an irradiation of 100 mW/cm(2) at 25 °C.     

New diketo-pyrrolo-pyrrole (DPP) sensitizer containing a furan moiety for efficient and stable dye-sensitized solar cells

A new metal-free organic sensitizer containing a furan moiety as the π-spacer based on the diketo-pyrrolo-pyrrole unit was synthesized through simple synthetic routes and with low cost for the application of dye-sensitized solar cells. Two corresponding dyes with benzene and thiophene spacers were also synthesized for the purpose of comparison. On the basis of optimized DSSC test conditions, the sensitizer containing the furan shows prominent solar energy conversion efficiency (η) of 5.65% (J_sc = 15.96 mA cm⁻², V_oc = 541 mV, ff = 0.65) under simulated full sunlight irradiation. The dyes were also tested in a solvent-free ionic liquid electrolyte devices and the stability of devices was performed over 2000 h at full sunlight. The sensitizer containing the furan moiety exhibited good stability and better photovoltaic performance of up to 4.41% power conversion efficiency.     

First-principles modeling of dye-sensitized solar cells: challenges and perspectives

Since dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) appeared as a promising inexpensive alternative to the traditional silicon-based solar cells, DSSCs have attracted a considerable amount of experimental and theoretical interest. In contrast with silicon-based solar cells, DSSCs use different components for the light-harvesting and transport functions, which allow researchers to fine-tune each material and, under ideal conditions, to optimize their overall performance in assembled devices. Because of the variety of elementary components present in these cells and their multiple possible combinations, this task presents experimental challenges. The photoconversion efficiencies obtained up to this point are still low, despite the significant experimental efforts spent in their optimization. The development of a low-cost and efficient computational protocol that could qualitatively (or even quantitatively) identify the promising semiconductors, dyes, and electrolytes, as well as their assembly, could save substantial experimental time and resources. In this Account, we describe our computational approach that allows us to understand and predict the different elementary mechanisms involved in DSSC working principles. We use this computational framework to propose an in silico route for the ab initio design of these materials. Our approach relies on a unique density functional theory (DFT) based model, which allows for an accurate and balanced treatment of electronic and spectroscopic properties in different phases (such as gas, solution, or interfaces) and avoids or minimizes spurious computational effects. Using this tool, we reproduced and predicted the properties of the isolated components of the DSSC assemblies. We accessed the microscopic measurable characteristics of the cells such as the short circuit current (J(sc)) or the open circuit voltage (V(oc)), which define the overall photoconversion efficiency of the cell. The absence of empirical or material-related parameters in our approach should allow for its wide application to the optimization of existing devices or the design of new ones.     

A Novel Alkoxysilyl Azobenzene Dye Photosensitizer with Alkylamino Group for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

A newly designed alkoxysilyl azobenzene dye with alkylamino group, 4-diethoxyphenylsilyl-4′-dimethylaminoazobenzene, was synthesized and examined as the photosensitizer for a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The novel azobenzene dye exhibited a strong absorption band in the visible region, and the solar cell using the dye as the sensitizer showed an incident monochromatic photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) value of 66 % at 440 nm and a light-to-electric energy conversion efficiency of 2.2 % under simulated sunlight irradiation of AM-1.5G one sun condition. The energy conversion efficiency obtained here is the highest value among those reported so far for azobenzene-sensitized solar cells, indicating the potential of alkoxysilyl dyes as photosensitizers for DSSCs.     

染料敏化太阳能电池的研究进展

综述了染料敏化太阳能电池的研究背景和发展过程,包括了光阳极、光敏染料和电解质的研究进展,详细阐述了该电池国内外各项关键技术的实验和产业化研究最新成果,着重分析了染料敏化太阳电池的未来发展趋势,并展望了该电池的应用前景。     

用于染料敏化太阳能电池的苊并吡嗪类染料的设计与合成，

以吡嗪环作为吸电子基团,单羧基为连接基团,选用不同的芳环供电基团设计合成了3个苊并吡嗪类染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)染料。其中,以二苯胺为供电基的染料Va性能最好,主要吸光范围是400~500 nm,ELUMO为-1.10 eV,远负于TiO2的导带能级-0.5 eV,说明染料的激发态电子注入到纳米TiO2的导带在热力学上是可行的;EHOMO为1.31 eV,远正于I-/I3-的氧化还原电位0.4 eV,说明处于氧化态的染料分子从氧化还原电对得到电子再生。光电转换效率最高为3.06%,达到经典染料N719效率的43%。