一种油基钻井液用降滤失剂室内研究

以甲基苯乙烯(MS)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为主要单体,以SR10为乳化剂,以过硫酸钾(KPS)为引发剂,用乳液聚合法通过三元共聚合成了苯丙类乳液,再将乳液通过喷雾干燥的方式制备成固态的具有一定刚性和弹塑性的油基钻井液用降滤失剂;通过红外光谱和扫描电镜对其结构和微观形态进行了表征,并对其在油基钻井液中的性能进行了评价。研究结果表明,该产品具有良好的降滤失能力和抗高温性能:加量为2%时可以将油基钻井液在150℃时的高温高压滤失量控制在3 mL以下;在200℃时高温高压滤失量小于4 mL;适用于柴油基和白油基钻井液中,而且对钻井液流变性能影响较小。     

油基改性腐植酸降滤失剂的制备及性能评价

采用腐植酸与改性剂进行反应,制备用于油基钻井液的抗高温降滤失剂。通过多组单因素实验考察了改性剂种类、反应配比、反应温度、反应时间对产品的影响,结果表明最佳改性产品的制备条件为:腐植酸与N2改性剂的质量比11∶4,温度180℃,时间8 h;产物的红外谱图证实改性反应成功。室内评价该油基降滤失剂的适宜加量为3%,150℃高温高压滤失量为13 mL,综合性能优于沥青类降滤失剂。     

改性腐植酸合成油基钻井液降滤失剂研究

采用有机胺对腐植酸进行改性,用作油基钻井液降滤失剂,以替代沥青类产品,有利于提高机械钻速和保护环境。探索了合成产物性能的影响因素,并评价了其在油基钻井液中的性能。结果表明,改性腐植酸降滤失剂合成条件为:腐植酸与有机胺H60B配比15∶6,反应温度190℃,反应时间8~9 h。改性腐植酸降滤失剂具有良好的降滤失效果,在加量为3%时,150℃高温高压滤失量为6.8 mL,好于沥青类降滤失剂,并且对钻井液流变性影响较小。     

耐温油基降滤失剂的合成与分析评价

腐植酸与有机改性剂发生反应,增强其在油相中的溶解分散性,制备出用于油基钻井液的耐温降滤失剂。根据产物的红外谱图及在白油中的溶解实验和粒度分布,证实改性反应成功。热重分析表明改性产物有较好的热稳定性。室内评价该油基降滤失剂的适宜加量w(降滤失剂)=3%,最佳过筛孔径为0.149mm,150℃高温高压滤失量为13mL,综合性能优于沥青类降滤失剂。     

适用于高温高密度油基钻井液的降滤失剂的研制及性能评价

为满足海上深井油基钻井液高温高密度条件下的作业需要,通过室内试验,采用有机胺和十二烷基三甲基氯化铵对腐植酸进行亲油改性,研制出了一种适用于高温高密度油基钻井液体系的降滤失剂FLS-2。通过测定钻井液的流变性、高温高压滤失量和破乳电压,对降滤失剂FLS-2的性能进行了评价。结果表明:当钻井液体系中FLS-2加量为3.0%时,可使油基钻井液体系抗温达到200℃,钻井液密度最高可配制到2.0 g/cm3,并且具有良好的抗钻屑和抗海水污染的能力。此外,通过与其他常用降滤失剂性能对比可知,FLS-2的综合性能优良,能够满足海上深井高温高压条件下的作业需要。     

油基钻井液用抗高温树脂类封堵剂的研制

近年来,随着非常规油气的不断开发,钻井所面临的难度逐渐增加,油基钻井液的使用频率也逐渐增加,加强油基钻井液的封堵能力,对于预防井壁失稳具有重要的作用。以苯乙烯(ST)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和丙烯酸十八酯为单体,采用乳液聚合法,制备了一种油基钻井液用丙烯酸树脂类封堵剂。利用中压砂床封堵实验、高温高压静态砂床封堵实验对封堵剂的承压封堵性能进行了综合评价,并且研究了封堵剂对油基钻井液流变、滤失性能的影响。实验结果表明:180℃老化后,封堵剂对不同目数范围的砂床仍均有良好的封堵效果,且具有较高的封堵强度,突破压力可达6MPa。同时,该封堵剂对油基钻井液体系的流变性影响较小,200℃老化后,钻井液仍具有较低的API滤失量和高温高压滤失量,该封堵剂具有优异的抗高温性能和封堵性能。     

抗高温水基钻井液降滤失剂的研制及性能评价

针对深井钻井过程中高温高压条件下对钻井液体系性能的特殊要求,在室内试验中通过水溶液聚合法研制出一种适合于深井高温地层的水基降滤失剂SLA-3。对其性能进行了评价,结果表明:降滤失剂SLA-3的相对分子质量适中,对水溶液的黏度增加有限,不会造成钻井液体系的黏度变化过大;经过180℃高温老化后,仍具有较好的热稳定性。在基浆中加入质量分数3%的SLA-3,200℃下老化16 h后的高温高压滤失量可以控制在9.4 m L,具有良好的抗温性能。考察了降滤失剂对不同类型钻井液体系性能影响,试验结果表明:SLA-3在淡水钻井液体系、盐水钻井液体系以及含钙钻井液体系中均表现出良好的降滤失效果,适应性较强,可以满足深井钻井作业对钻井液性能的要求。     

油基改性腐植酸降滤失剂的制备及性能评价

<正>采用腐植酸与改性剂进行反应,制备用于油基钻井液的抗高温降滤失剂。通过多组单因素实验考察了改性剂种类、反应配比、反应温度、反应时间对产品的影响,结果表明最佳改性产品的制备条件为:腐植酸与N2改性剂的质量比11∶4,温度180℃,时间8 h;产物的红外谱图证实改性反应成功。室内评价该油基降滤失剂的适宜加量为3%,150℃高温高压滤失量为13 m L,综合性     

抗高温高密度油基钻井液体系研究及性能评价

为满足高温高压深层油气资源勘探开发的需求,通过处理剂的优选,研制了一套抗高温高密度油基钻井液体系,并在室内对其综合性能进行了评价.结果表明:该油基钻井液体系具有良好的抗高温性能,经过200℃老化后,钻井液体系的流变性能稳定,高温高压滤失量小于5 mL,破乳电压值可以达到1000 V以上;体系具有良好的沉降稳定性能,经过高温老化后上下密度差较小,未发生明显沉降;体系具有良好的抑制性能,能使目标区块储层段岩屑的滚动回收率达到98％以上;在油基钻井液体系中加入淡水、NaCl和岩屑后,体系的流变性能、破乳电压和高温高压滤失量变化均不大,说明该钻井液体系具有良好的抗污染性能;该油基钻井液体系具有较好的储层保护效果,天然岩心使用钻井液污染后,渗透率恢复值仍能大于90％.     

聚醚胺基烷基糖苷类油基钻井液研究

以NAPG为主剂,优选增粘剂、降滤失剂、封堵剂等配伍处理剂,通过钻井液体系构建及配方优化,形成了环保型、低成本、高性能的NAPG类油基钻井液体系。对钻井液性能进行了评价。结果表明,钻井液页岩一次回收率为99.90%,相对回收率为99.98%;钻井液抗温达150℃,流变性好,动塑比0.327,初终切适宜,中压滤失量0 m L、高温高压滤失量6.0 m L;润滑系数降低率达69.62%;滤液表面张力26.60 m N/m;钻井液抗盐达饱和,抗钙10%,抗土、钻屑20%,抗水40%,抗原油20%;岩心动静态渗透率恢复值为91.4%和96.8%;钻井液EC50值为528 800 mg/L,无生物毒性。对NAPG类油基钻井液和油基钻井液从抑制、润滑、降滤失、储层保护及生物毒性等方面进行了对比。结果表明,两者性能相当,且类油基钻井液在环保方面具有显著优势。NAPG类油基钻井液适用于强水敏性泥岩、含泥岩等易坍塌地层及页岩气水平井钻井施工,可缓解目前油基钻井液环保压力,扩大水基钻井液适用范围,具有较好的推广应用前景。     

抗高温耐盐型钻井液用降滤失剂的合成与性能评价

选用对苯乙烯磺酸钠(SSS)、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)、丙烯酰胺(AM)单体为原料,利用自由基聚合的方式,得到一种抗高温耐盐聚合物降滤失剂.通过傅里叶红外光谱分析(FT-IR)表明合成产物结构与设计结构相符.当降滤失剂加量为1.8%时,室温下和210℃下淡水基浆的滤失量分别为7.9mL和13.5mL;在25%NaCl和3%CaCl₂的盐水泥浆中,钻井液的滤失量分别为14.8mL和11.0mL.通过扫描电镜(SEM)可以分析钻井液形成的滤饼的微观结构,由此得到降滤失剂作用的机理是:当降滤失剂吸附在黏土表面时,降滤失剂可以使黏土颗粒在钻井液中分散,从而形成致密的滤饼来减少滤失量.     

Adsorption behavior and effectiveness of poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide‐co‐Ca 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonate) as cement fluid loss additive in the presence of acetone‐formaldehyde‐sulfite dispersant

A copolymer of N,N‐dimethylacrylamide and Calcium 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonate was synthesized by free‐radical copolymerization. Its performance as anionic fluid loss additive (FLA) was studied by measuring static filtration properties of oil well cement slurries at 27°C and 70 bar pressure, respectively. It was found that cement filter cake permeability and API fluid loss decrease with increasing FLA dosage. Filtrate analysis revealed a linear correlation between fluid loss and the amount of FLA adsorbed on the cement surface. FLA adsorption on cement was determined by total organic carbon (TOC) analysis in cement filtrate and confirmed by ζ‐potential measurement. According to environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) investigations, FLA does not alter the filter cake structure. In the presence of an anionic acetone–formaldehyde–sulfite (AFS) polycondensate dispersant, fluid loss control from FLA decreased and cement filter cake permeability increased because AFS reduces the amount of FLA adsorbed. In comparison to FLA, AFS shows stronger adsorption on the cement surface and succeeds in the competition with FLA. The different adsorption behavior of the two polymers is the reason for limited compatibility of this admixture com bination. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 4341–4347, 2006     

Application of a new family of organosilicon quadripolymer as a fluid loss additive for drilling fluid at high temperature

An organosilicon quadripolymer of acrylamide (AM), 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propane sulfonic acid (AMPS), N‐vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) and a kind of organosilicon monomer was synthesized by solution free radical polymerization. The chemical structure of organosilicon quadripolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and molecular weight distribution was determinate by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) under the best optimum synthesis conditions, which were identified by orthogonal test according to filtrate volume of fresh water‐based drilling fluid. The colloidal properties of the organosilicon quadripolymer drilling fluid were investigated in various media such as fresh‐water, 4.0% salt‐water, and saturated brine based fluid. The results showed that the filtrate volume decreased with the increase of the organosilicon quadripolymer concentration before and after the thermal aging test at 180°C for 16 h, and the filtrate volume after the thermal aging test was larger than that before the thermal aging test, but was smaller than the base fluid. The colloidal properties and the filtrate volume could be controlled effectively at aging temperatures not exceeding 200°C. The organosilicon quadripolymer drilling fluid performance was better than corresponding terpolymer without organosilicon group and shows favorable inhibitive property and was an excellent fluid loss additive for drilling fluid resisting high temperature in deep wells. A possible mechanism is proposed to explain the improvement according to the comparative adsorption experiment. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

新型聚合物型水基钻井液降失水剂的合成及性能研究

以烯丙基磺酸钠(AS)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)为原料,合成了一种新型聚合物型水基钻井液降失水剂。降失水剂的最佳合成条件为:反应温度65℃,引发剂用量0.35%,单体总浓度30%,pH=7,单体配比AM∶AS∶MA=35∶15∶50。该降失水剂具有良好的降失水效果,且对钻井液的流变性影响不大。     

有机硅降滤失剂的研究进展

阐述了有机硅降滤失的研究进展,详细解释有机硅降滤失剂的作用机理。介绍有机硅改性腐植酸、有机硅改性淀粉和硅氟降滤失剂3种主要的有机硅降滤失剂,并对其制备过程和性能特点进行描述。最后对有机硅降滤失剂的发展方向作了简要概述。     

Synthesis and characterization of SSS/HAM/AA terpolymer as a fluid loss additive for oil well cement

A terpolymer comprising of sodium styrene sulfonate (SSS), n‐methylol acrylamide (HAM), and acrylic acid (AA) was synthesized by aqueous free radical copolymerization and evaluated as fluid loss additive (FLA) in oil well cement. In this article, HAM is first introduced in the preparation of FLA as an environment‐friendly monomer, which effectively improves the adhesion and fluid loss control of the terpolymer. The experimental synthesis conditions were optimized by orthogonal experiments. The molecule weight of the terpolymer was determined by gel permeation chromatography. The molecule structure of the synthesized terpolymer was verified by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transformer infrared spectrum. The thermal stability of the synthesized terpolymer was tested by thermogravimetry (TG). The structure of the terpolymer aqueous solution was observed by scanning electron microscope. The results show that SSS/HAM/AA has an excellent thermal resistant. The thermal degradation is not obvious before 295.2 °C. Furthermore, the microstructure of SSS/HAM/AA in water conducive to good fluid loss control ability. When the dosage of SSS/HAM/AA is up to 2.0% in fresh water cement slurry, the filtration loss [FL_(HTHP)] can be controlled within 50 mL at 90–150 °C. SSS/HAM/AA has an excellent property of reducing filtration loss. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46266.     

Synthesis,characterization, and performance evaluation of the AM/AMPS/DMDAAC/SSS quadripolymer as a fluid loss additive for water‐based drilling fluid

According to the molecular structure design requirements of the fluid loss additive resistant to high temperature, 2‐acrylamide‐2‐methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS), acrylamide (AM), dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC) and sodium styrene sulfonate (SSS) are selected as the structure monomers. Using ammonium persulfate as initiator, a new quadripolymer is synthesized through free radical aqueous solution polymerization. According to the minimum filtration loss of the fresh water‐based drilling fluid with 0.5 wt % quadripolymer, The synthesis conditions are optimized by orthogonal test: the mole ratio of AMPS/AM/DMDAAC/SSS is 5/7/2/1, the monomer concentration is 30 wt %, the initiator concentration is 0.8 wt %, the reaction temperature is 75°C and the pH is 10. The structure of the quadripolymer is characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy. The results show that the quadripolymer contains all the designed functional groups. The thermal stability of the quadripolymer is tested by thermogravimetry, differential thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry. The results show that the thermal degradation of the quadripolymer is not obvious before 272.3°C. The rheological performance and filtration loss of the quadripolymer are evaluated. The results indicate that the filtration loss decreases with the increasing dosage of the quadripolymer before and after thermal aging test at 180°C for 16 h, and the filtration loss before the thermal aging test is smaller than that after the thermal aging test. The high temperature high pressure filtration loss (FL_(HTHP)) experiment results also show that the quadripolymer fluid loss additive has excellent temperature‐resistant performance. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41762.     

Mechanistic study on carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose as fluid loss control additive in oil well cement

The working mechanism of carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (CMHEC, M_w 2.6 × 10⁵ g/mol) as fluid loss control additive (FLA) for oil well cement was investigated. First, characteristic properties of CMHEC such as anionic charge amount, intrinsic viscosity in cement pore solution, and static filtration properties of cement slurries containing CMHEC were determined at 27°C and 70 bar. Effectiveness of the FLA was found to rely on reduction of cement filter cake permeability. Consequently, the working mechanism is ascribed to constriction of cement filter cake pores. Zeta potential measurements confirm that at low CMHEC dosages (0–0.3% by weight of cement, bwoc), adsorption of the polymer onto the surface of hydrating cement occurs. However, at dosages of 0.4% bwoc and higher, an associated polymer network is formed. This was evidenced by a strong increase in hydrodynamic diameter of solved CMHEC molecules, an exponential increase in viscosity and a noticeable reduction of surface tension. Thus, the working mechanism of CMHEC changes with dosage. At low dosages, adsorption presents the predominant mode of action, whereas above a threshold concentration of ～ 10 g/L (the “overlapping concentration”), formation of associated polymer networks is responsible for effectiveness of CMHEC. Addition of anionic polyelectrolytes (e.g., sulfonated melamine formaldehyde polycondensate, M_w 2.0 × 10⁵ g/mol) to cement slurries containing CMHEC greatly improves fluid loss control. Apparently, the presence of such polyelectrolytes causes the formation of colloidal associates from CMHEC to occur at lower dosages. Through this mechanism, effectiveness of CMHEC as cement fluid loss additive is enhanced. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Synthetic copolymer (AM/AMPS/DMDAAC/SSS) as rheology modifier and fluid loss additive at HTHP for water-based drilling fluids

In the petroleum industry, high temperature and high pressure (HTHP) would dramatically worsen rheological properties and increase fluid loss volumes of drilling fluids. Synthetic polymer as an indispensable additive has attracted more and more attention recently. In this article, a new copolymer (named AADS) of 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, acrylamide, dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, and sodium styrene sulfonate was synthesized through aqueous solution polymerization. The chemical structure of the copolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. Moreover, its thermal stability was simultaneously analyzed using a differential scanning calorimetry. The results showed that the synthetic polymer contained all the designed functional groups, and its structure was consistent to the desired one. Under contamination of sodium chloride, AADS solution maintained relatively high viscosity in high concentration brine, showing a good antisalt capacity. Furthermore, the effect of AADS content and temperature on rheological behavior and fluid loss volume of the water-based drilling fluid (WBDF) containing the synthesized product were investigated according to the American Petroleum Institute standard. Results showed that the rheological and filtration properties of the prepared WBDF were improved with the increase in the AADS concentration before and after the thermal aging test. In addition, in the temperature range of 80–240 °C, a reversible rheological behavior was observed during the heating–cooling process, and the HTHP fluid loss was controlled within 22.5 mL, suggesting that the copolymer AADS was suitable for making WBDF s with high temperature resistance. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47813.