西宁市北郊大气PM2.5中多环芳烃污染特征研究

目的:探讨西宁市北郊四季大气PM2.5中多环芳烃(PAHs)污染物含量及时间分布状况,为治理西宁市北郊大气污染状况提供一定的科学参考.方法:2018年于青海大学化工学院为采样点,于2018年11月,2019年1月、3月、6月四个季节采用石英滤膜对四季各十五天采取60个样品,高效超声萃取后,旋蒸氮吹后,定容.利用GC-M...     

高效液相色谱法测定大气PM2.5中多环芳烃不确定度分析

对大气PM2.5中多环芳烃的测定工作进行研究,介绍了高效液相色谱法(High Performance Liquid Chromatography,HPLC)测定大气PM2.5中多环芳烃的实验过程,指出测定实验中不确定度的来源,并对不确定度进行评定。结果表明：HPLC法测定大气PM2.5中苯并[a]芘、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽的质量浓度结果为(0.486±0.0384)ng/m³、(1.16±0.0544)ng/m³、(0.987±0.0596)ng/m³,其中不确定度主要来源于标准溶液配制、标准曲线拟合两个环节。     

大气中的多环芳烃综述

多环芳烃是指一类含有超过两个苯基的化合物,包含蒽和菲等150多种不同性质的化合物.其英文全称为polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon,简称PAHs.综述了多环芳烃的来源和危害,以及多环芳烃的提取和检测方法.     

反渗透技术在污染水体多环芳烃处理中应用

试验研究反渗透(RO)处理污染水体过程中PAHs质量浓度的变化.在试验的第一阶段,将污染水体在沙床上进行过滤(预过滤),在预过滤之后,将它们导向膜组件进行主过滤.分析了EPA列出的16种PAHs.在预过滤后以及RO处理后,观察到样品中PAHs质量浓度的降低.污染水体中16种PAHs的总质量浓度为24.77～27.58μ...     

合肥市初夏PM2.5中重金属元素污染特征分析

大气颗粒物的污染目前已经成为大气污染的首要问题。选择合肥市滨湖新区、董铺水库、琥珀山庄、高新区四个监测点PM2.5为研究对象,对重金属元素Cu、Ni、Zn、Pb、Mn、Cr、Co、Cd的含量、富集系数、可能来源展开研究。结果表明,合肥市初夏时节PM2.5中重金属元素质量浓度含量最高的是Zn。滨湖新区、琥珀山庄和高新区的Cu元素污染显著。根据SPSS软件分析推测滨湖新区Cu和Cd可能来自交通领域污染源,董铺水库的Fe和Mn可能来源于自然因素,琥珀山庄的Pb和Cd可能来自交通污染源,高新区的Ni和Cr可能来源于工厂的电镀操作。     

污染土壤样品中提取多环芳烃优化方法

比较了索氏萃取法和一种新的萃取技术—流化床萃取法。以多环芳烃(PAHs)的萃取循环次数和升温后保温时间的变化为实验变量,采用表面响应设计法对多环芳烃(PAHs)的萃取进行了优化,研究了流化床萃取操作参数对萃取性能的影响。对于分析物的测定,先对提取物进行净化,然后进行气相色谱和质谱检测。     

焦化厂环境中多环芳烃的分布规律和危害分析

本文对焦化厂环境PM10上的多环芳烃进行了分析,采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）检出了美国EPA优控多环芳烃共14种,其中苯并[a]芘含量较高;计算了焦化工人对多环芳烃的日摄入量,结果显示,多环芳烃严重的威胁着焦化工人的身体健康。     

MPT-AES法测定抚顺市采暖期PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)中的重金属

用微波等离子体炬(MPT)为激发光源,氩气为等离子体工作气体,用气动雾化迚样,研究了微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法(MPT-AES)测定抚顺环境样品中的重金属元素Pb,Cd,Cr,Cu,Mn的方法。考察了各微量元素的分析谱线,载气流量,工作气流量和微波向前功率对元素Pb,Cd,Cr,Cu,Mn的发射强度的影响,分析了酸浓度及共存离子对其测定的影响,得到了测量不同金属离子的最佳工作条件,在最佳条件下测量元素Pb,Cd,Cr,Cu,Mn的检出限分别为22.9,5.7,30.7,3.6,6.0 ng·mL-1,精密度分别为5.97%,4.92%,1.24%,1.54%,1.87%,加标回收率在84.6%-104.0%之间。     

大气PM2.5污染的起因与控制

以PM2.5为代表的环境大气颗粒污染物严重影响着环境空气质量和人体健康,也是引起环境、气候变化的重要因素.针对大气PM2.5污染的含碳固体燃料燃烧、工业生产过程和汽车尾气3大主要直接排放源,分别分析了大气PM2.5的污染起因,并从行业特点和发展趋势提出了大气PM2.5污染的源头、过程和末端控制措施和今后治理技术的发展方向.     

环境空气中PM2.5研究进展

本文详细介绍了环境空气中PM2.5国内外研究进展。目前PM2.5研究主要集中在:1、环境空气中PM2.5浓度测定及调查;2、成分分析;3、PM2.5源解析及PM2.5污染空气模型研究;4、PM2.5吸入的健康危害及评估研究。通过对国内外现有报道文献资料综述,总结了不同区域PM2.5浓度分布情况、源解析情况、成分组成与分析方法、以及PM2.5吸入对人体的健康危害。     

PM_(2.5)污染的研究进展及防治对策

近年来,PM2.5的相关研究引起了世界各国研究者的广泛关注。目前国内大部分城市阴霾天气日益加重,相关部门和领域更加重视PM2.5的监测和研究现状,本文详细阐述了大气可吸入颗粒物PM2.5的概念、分类、来源和危害,介绍了国内外大气环境领域关于PM2.5的研究情况,提出了PM2.5污染的防治对策。     

PM10和PM2.5的危害及控制对策

PM10和PM2.5不止会降低环境质量,还会对人体产生巨大危害,直接威胁着人类健康。所以,如果不对此加以控制,人类的生存条件将迅速恶化,产生的后果是极为可怕的。为了减轻PM10和PM2.5对环境、人体的危害,相关部门必须尽快采取强有力的管理措施,遏制环境问题进一步恶化的趋势。文章从PM10和PM2.5造成的危害出发,提出了几项控制建议。     

PM_(2.5)的研究进展与展望

控制PM2.5的污染是我国大气环境面临的首要问题。文章概述了国内外对PM2.5的研究现状及对PM2.5的限值。目前世界上对PM2.5的监测方法主要有:重量法、光散射法、β射线吸收法和微量振荡天平法。针对不同环境状况,应采用不同的监测方法。同时简单介绍了美国、欧盟以及我国对PM2.5的控制措施。     

PM2.5 and PM10 Mass Measurements in California's San Joaquin Valley

PM _2.5 and PM ₁₀ mass measurements from different sampling systems and locations within California's San Joaquin Valley (SJV) are compared to determine how well mass concentrations from a unified data set can be used to address issues such as compliance with particulate matter (PM) standards, temporal and spatial variations, and model predictions. Pairwise comparisons were conducted among 20 samplers, including four Federal Reference Method (FRM) units, battery-powered MiniVols, sequential filter samplers, dichotomous samplers, Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactors (MOUDIs), beta attenuation monitors (BAMs), tapered element oscillating microbalances (TEOMs), and nephelometers. The differences between FRM samplers were less than 10 and 20% for 70 and 92% of the pairwise comparisons, respectively. The TEOM, operating at 50°C in this study, measured less than the other samplers, consistent with other comparisons in nitrate-rich atmospheres. PM _2.5 mass measured continuously with the BAM was highly correlated with filter-based PM _2.5 although the absolute bias was greater than 20% in 45% of the cases. Light scattering (B _sp ) was also highly correlated with filter-based PM _2.5 at most sites, with mass scattering efficiencies varying by 10 and 20% for B _sp measured with Radiance Research nephelometers with and without PM _2.5 size-selective inlets, respectively. Collocating continuous monitors with filter samplers was shown to be useful for evaluating short-term variability and identifying outliers in the filter-based measurements. Comparability among different PM samplers used in CRPAQS is sufficient to evaluate spatial gradients larger than about 15% when the data are pooled together for spatial and temporal analysis and comparison with models.     

PM1.0 and PM2.5 Characteristics in the Roadside Environment of Hong Kong

Daily mass concentrations of PM _1.0 (particles less than 1.0 μm in diameter), PM _2.5 (particles less than 2.5 μm in diameter), organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC) were measured from January through May 2004 at a heavily trafficked sampling site in Hong Kong (PU). The average concentrations for PM _1.0 and PM _2.5 were 35.9 ± 12.4 μ g cm ^{? 3} and 52.3 ± 18.3 μ g cm ^{? 3} . Carbonaceous aerosols were the dominant species in fine particles, accounting for ～ 45.7% of PM _1.0 and ～ 44.4% of PM _2.5 . During the study period, seven fine-particle episodes occurred, due to the influence of long-range transport of air masses from mainland China. PM _1.0 and PM _2.5 responded in similar ways; i.e., with elevated mass and OC concentrations in those episode days. During the sampling period, PM _1.0 OC and EC generally behaved similarly to the carbonaceous aerosols in PM _2.5 , regardless of seasonal variations and influence by regional pollutions. The low and relatively constant OC/EC ratios in PM _1.0 and PM _2.5 indicated that vehicular emissions were major sources of carbonaceous aerosols. PM _1.0 and PM _2.5 had the same dominant sources of vehicular emissions in winter, while in spring PM _2.5 was more influenced by PM _{1 ? 2.5} (particles 1–2.5 μ m in diameter) that did not form from vehicle exhausts. Therefore, PM _1.0 was a better indicator for vehicular emissions at the Roadside Station.     

气液交叉流阵列除湿与PM2.5脱除耦合研究

针对工业尾气高湿度、PM2.5难去除特性,提出废气-废水多相交叉流阵列脱除PM2.5的新方法,尾气横掠液膜柱阵列,蒸汽发生冷凝带动PM2.5向气液界面运动。使所有液膜柱阵列成为独立脱湿除PM2.5分离单元并组成串-并联结构,对分离单元建立水蒸气和PM2.5颗粒传质微分方程,颗粒的脱除速度正比于水蒸气传质通量,得出尾气冷凝脱湿、除PM2.5效率。理论分析表明,PM2.5颗粒脱除效率正比于水蒸气脱除量,对交叉流阵列入口尾气T=100℃、H=0.626kg/kg,气液界面Tw=20℃,100排交叉流阵列组成的串-并联结构液膜柱群湿度脱除、PM2.5脱除效率分别为96%、70%。对20(列)×100(排)交叉流阵列进行实验,实验值略大于理论值。     

PM 2.5过滤材料制造技术

概述了工业烟气的成分和性状,简要的介绍了现有的常用滤料技术。介绍了超细纤维非织造布过滤效率高、过滤阻力小、容尘梯度结构好、寿命长等方面的优点,详细阐述了超细纤维非织造布过滤材料和覆膜过滤材料的制造工艺,并阐明了其中尚未解决的一些问题。文章认为,实际的应用中应根据具体的工况来选择相应的滤料。