高产L-乳酸米根霉的选育

经过紫外诱变获得一株来根霉菌株R8416产L-乳酸高，产酸稳定．探讨了不同氮源、通气量、培养基配方、中和剂等发酵条件对其产L-乳酸的影响。试验结果表明．该菌株最适发酵培养基组成(％)：淀粉水解糖11，MgSO4、0.025．KH2PO4 0．06．ZnSO4 0．004．CaCO3 6．pH自然。8批平均产L-乳酸85．9g／L，对糖转化率80．3％，发酵周期50h，几乎不舍杂酸．L-乳酸旋光纯度与Purac公司乳酸相当。     

粪肠球菌HX-3-6产γ-氨基丁酸发酵条件的优化

目的优化粪肠球菌HX-3-6产γ-氨基丁酸(γ-Aminobutyric acid,GABA)的发酵条件,提高GABA的产量。方法通过单因素试验和正交试验对产GABA的粪肠球菌HX-3-6发酵条件进行优化,采用Plackett-Burman(PB)试验设计法筛选产GABA的培养基主要影响因素,应用Box-Behnken设计及响应面分析对影响发酵产GABA的主要培养基因素进行优化;用最终优化的配方进行3次验证试验。结果最佳发酵条件为底物浓度30 g/L,起始pH 5.5,发酵时间72 h,温度35℃;PB法筛选出了培养基中有显著效应的4个因素为MnSO4﹒H2O、NaCl、柠檬酸三胺和葡萄糖,经Box-Behnken设计及响应面分析,确定该4个主要影响因素的最佳浓度分别为0.100 785、0.224 459、0.215 355及12.335 95 g/L。3次验证GABA的产量平均可达16.027 g/L,比优化前(11.006 g/L)提高了45.62%。结论优化的粪肠球菌HX-3-6发酵条件和培养基可显著提高GABA产量,为其工业化生产奠定了基础。     

（S）-2-氯丙酸脱卤酶发酵条件优化

以对（S）-2-氯丙酸有高效脱卤能力的菌株S4为研究对象,对其发酵产酶条件进行了研究。研究了各种碳源、氮源对产酶的影响,确定培养基组成为：葡萄糖10g／L,尿素0．5g／L,Na2HPO4·12H2O3．2g／L,KH2PO41．5g／L,MgSO40．098g,L。摇瓶培养优化后条件为：接种量5％,培养基初始pH7．0,培养温度30℃,摇床转速180r／min,装液量20％。     

利用响应面法优化出芽短梗霉As3．933产普鲁兰多糖发酵培养基

采用响应面分析法对出芽短梗霉As3．933产普鲁兰多糖的发酵培养基进行优化。首先利用Plackett-Bur-man实验筛选出影响普鲁兰多糖产量的主要因素为酵母膏、（NH4）zSO4和K2HPO4,再利用最陡爬坡实验逼近最大响应区域,最后通过Box-Behnken实验并运用Design-Expert8．0软件优化发酵培养基。确定优化培养基组成为：蔗糖62．5g·L-1,（NH4）2S040．67g·L-1,酵母膏2．84g·L-1,K2HPO47．12g·L-1,NaCl1．25g·L-1,MgS04·7H200．25g·L-1,pH值6．5,优化后的普鲁兰多糖产量达到22．29g·L-1,较初始液体发酵培养基（17．32g·L-1）提高了28．70％。     

新农抗2507发酵培养基优化的研究

农抗2507发酵培养基氮源多用黄豆饼粉。黄豆饼粉的优点是原材料质量稳定，染菌率低，但发酵效价相对较低。本研究对培养基配方进行改进，在黄豆饼粉配方中加人动物蛋白牛肉膏，提高了发酵水平。采用正交试验的方法，进行了农抗2507发酵培养基的筛选，最终得到最佳培养基配方：葡萄糖1．5％，玉米浆1％，黄豆饼粉2％，淀粉1．5％，牛肉膏O．35％，NaCl 0．5％，CaCO3 0．5％，(NH4)2SO4 0．5％。经摇瓶发酵试验，发酵水平比原始配方提高了696．9％。     

腈水合酶生产菌工业发酵技术研究

研究了腈水合酶生产茵的培养基组成、灭菌操作、种子质量控制以及pH值控制等方面对工业发酵的影响,培养基各主要成分的最佳含量为：氯化钴16×10^-6,尿素0．90％,酵母膏0．70％,味精0．85％,葡萄糖2．2％,确定了科学的灭菌操作方法、种子质量控制方法以及pH值调控方法,并在生产实际应用中取得了显著效果,发酵周期可缩短20h以上,酶活提高40％以上。     

重组人胰岛素样生长因子-1工程菌发酵培养基的优化

在摇瓶条件下,以M9培养基为基础,采用单因素实验和正交实验,对适合于表达重组人胰岛素样生长因子-1工程菌生长的高密度发酵培养基进行了优化。确定最佳培养基配方为：葡萄糖0．4％、甘油1．5％、酵母粉3％、胰蛋白胨3％、Na2HPO4 1．2％、KH2PO4 0．6％、NH4Cl0．1％、NaCl0．20％、MgSO4 0．048％,在此优化培养基中培养14h,工程菌菌体密度0D600达7．5。     

TiO2光催化降解活性艳红X-3B的研究

研究了UV—TiO2体系对典型偶氮染料活性艳红X-3B模拟废水的光催化降解效果,探讨了废水pH、H2O2用量、紫外线波长、紫外线光强等因素对降解速率的影响。结果表明：(1)模拟废水的起始pH值影响活性艳红X-3B的光催化降解,在pH=3．0—5．0时效果最佳;(2)投加少量H2O2可提高活性艳红X-3B的降解速率,但用量过大时会产生抑制作用;(3)UV光强是影响反应的外在动力,在0—50μW／cm^2范围内,光强越大降解速率越快;(4)UV波长对反应有重要影响,365nm的处理效果明显优于254nm的处理效果。     

混菌固态发酵豆渣生产菌体蛋白的研究

对以豆渣为原料,利用混菌固态发酵技术生产菌体蛋白饲料工艺进行了研究。通过L9(3^4)正交试验考察了培养基组成、接种物配比、初始pH值以及培养温度等因素的影响。结果表明：当培养基组成为豆渣：麸皮=8：2,接种物配比为黑曲霉：绿色木霉：啤酒酵母：产朊假丝酵母=1：1：1：3,调节初始pH值5．5,32℃培养72h,豆渣粗蛋白质含量达到28．47％。     

秸杆发酵工艺条件的优化

采用混合菌株对秸杆发酵进行了正交实验,对发酵工艺进行了优化,确定了较佳的发酵工艺条件,即尿素添加量0．5％、麦麸3％、KH2PO4和MgSO4分别为0．1％和0．15％。发酵液初始pH值为8．0,接种量为15％,发酵温度为30℃。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。