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Sachin Mathakari & Paolo Gardoni Pranab Agarwal Anne Raich Terje Haukaas 《Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering》2007,22(4):282-292
Abstract: A hybrid methodology for performing reliability-based structural optimization of three-dimensional trusses is presented. This hybrid methodology links the search and optimization capabilities of multi-objective genetic algorithms (MOGA) with structural performance information provided by finite element reliability analysis. To highlight the strengths of the proposed methodology, a practical example is presented that concerns optimizing the topology, geometry, and member sizes of electrical transmission towers. The weight and reliability index of a tower are defined as the two objectives used by MOGA to perform Pareto ranking of tower designs. The truss deformation and the member stresses are compared to threshold values to assess the reliability of each tower under wind loading. Importance sampling is used for the reliability analysis. Both the wind pressure and the wind direction are considered as random variables in the analysis. The research results presented demonstrate the benefit of implementing MOGA optimization as an integral part of a reliability-based optimization procedure for three-dimensional trusses. 相似文献
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A new method combined continuum topology with discrete truss is proposed for truss optimization. The optimized material distribution is obtained by means of continuum topology optimization and then transformed into initial truss. Based on the element principal stress and 8-neighborhood elements of continuum, force flow path extraction method is presented to obtain the initial truss layout. For section size optimization, criterion is deduced from a mathematical model by Lagrange multiplier method. Leveraging the free-form nature of continuum, this method can avoid the restriction of traditional ground structure. And it can achieve a better solution with less mass, smaller deformation and more uniform stress. 相似文献
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平面桁架是构成空间桁架的基础,广泛地用于房屋建筑、桥梁、起重机、钢塔等工程结构中。以4种典型单片角钢桁架为研究对象,通过高频动态天平测力风洞试验,研究了风速、风向、杆件布置形式和挡风系数等参数对平面角钢桁架静风力的影响。研究结果表明:平面桁架垂直迎风(0°风向)时,阻力系数值最大,约为1.8;升力系数极值为-1.0,出现在25°风向,与同风向下阻力系数值比较,升力系数的影响不能忽略。风速的变化、杆件布置形式和结构挡风系数对研究的四种典型平面桁架(挡风系数Ф∈[0.21, 0.52])风力系数影响较小。平面桁架的静力折算高度约为总高度的一半,风向、杆件分布形式和挡风系数等参数对折算高度的影响可以忽略。此外,常用规范中并未考虑平面角钢桁架风力系数随风向的变化,为此,基于试验结果,构建了平面桁架角度风系数公式,并对参数进行了拟合,二者吻合较好。 相似文献
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广交会工艺品交易中心玻璃光篷悬索支承结构由索桁架、受拉桁架、檩条(架)悬挑桁架及中心桁架组成。该工程结构分析时首先通过模态分析结构拓扑是否合理,同时建立了计算模型,考察结构几何非线性的强弱,设计中考虑了包括恒载、屋面活载、风载、地震荷载和温度荷载等荷载类型。在悬索结构成型和使用过程预应力张拉顺序及张拉力的大小可直接影响结构的安全性和适用性。确定张拉顺序为:张拉连系索→安装承重索→安装微调稳定索→放下悬吊重物。 相似文献
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During the erection of long-span steel truss bridges, the bridge decks and the steel truss girders are commonly constructed simultaneously in order to shorten the construction period, leading to wind suction effect on the decks when wind strikes. This effect may have a remarkable influence on the wind-resistant behavior of stiffened steel truss bridges which hold long-span cantilevers during erection, as wind suction can act together with the gravity load to increase the structural response. However, neither current codes nor studies have taken this effect into account. This paper is intended to investigate the wind suction effect and its influence on the static wind-resistant behavior of stiffened steel truss bridges during construction. Two wind tunnel tests, including a high-frequency base balance (H-FBB) test and a synchronous multi-pressure sensing system (SM-PSS) test, were carried out with the world's longest arch-stiffened steel truss bridge as a model. On the basis of the experimental results, two net pressure coefficients which could be used to determine the wind suction are proposed. A finite element analysis considering the wind suction effect is also performed, through which the wind suction influence on the model bridge during erection is obtained. 相似文献
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A.T. Kenworthy 《Building and Environment》1985,20(1):33-38
According to contemporary accounts health and hygiene were important considerations in the planning of ancient orthogonally streeted cities and inevitably the wind and the sun played a not inconsiderable role in influencing the overall and orientation of such cities. Opposing views, held by theorists of the time, as to the benefits of wind at an angle or parallel to the orthogonal streets provide the starting point for this research.The paper deals, in the main, with model investigations into the effects of directionally variable winds on a range of orthogonally gridded block and street arrangements for which air velocity ratios have been established by comparing averaged velocities along streets in the direction of both grid axes. Block geometry is seen to hava an important effect on air speeds producing large differences with the larger block ratios. 相似文献
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在考虑组构各向异性的砂土状态相关本构模型的基础上,引入了修正的非共轴流动法则建立了相应的非共轴本构模型。对于逆向加载的塑性问题,比如纯环剪加载,将通过引入边界面的概念进行处理。同时根据广义应力状态下的剪胀方程推导的塑性势面,建立了π平面内的非关联共轴流动方向。另外,将非共轴流动方向定义为同当前应力状态主方向正交的方向,并同共轴流动方向一样与塑性加载因子相关联。对Toyoura砂的空心圆柱两种加载模式的剪切试验,即固定主应力轴方向的单调加载和纯环剪切,进行了模拟,结果表明本模型能较好地描述砂土力学行为中的各向异性和非共轴特性。 相似文献
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以某汽车有限公司新建整车厂内总长442 m的多功能空间连廊结构设计为例,详细阐述了此类复杂工业连廊设计中具有良好适用性的多层空间钢桁架结构的选型、受力特性、设计构造。结果表明:多跨连续桁架结构在竖向荷载作用下,受力类似连续梁,主要靠弦杆与腹杆的轴力来抵抗竖向荷载,桁架与钢柱铰接连接能较好符合杆件轴力为主的受力状态,桁架弦杆在侧向风荷载作用下的受力与变形不容忽视。 相似文献
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通过对天津梅江会展中心张弦桁架移除关键构件后的残余结构的承载力分析,得到张弦结构的支座、边索和边跨桁架支座处下弦杆等关键构件的破坏对结构承载力影响最大;为了模拟杆件失效前静力荷载产生的初始变形对结构连续倒塌的影响,采用考虑初始变形的全动力等效荷载瞬时卸载法模拟杆件失效。对支座、边索和边跨桁架支座处下弦杆失效进行连续倒塌动力分析,研究了纵向联系桁架对张弦结构抗连续倒塌的作用,得到平面张弦桁架通过纵向联系桁架组装成一整体,其整体性随着纵向联系构件抗弯刚度的增大而提高,共同作用效果明显。在此基础上,利用山墙的抗风柱,将边跨张弦桁架改变为多支点支承的普通桁架,设计时该抗风柱不仅承担水平风荷载,还承担竖向荷载,从而提高结构的抗连续倒塌能力。并根据该工程的特点提出集桁架支座、张拉端(锚固端)和桁架下弦管于一体的铸钢节点构造,不仅满足建筑要求,还使得该处节点承载力大大加强,可供相关工程参考。 相似文献
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Peter Mark 《Beton- und Stahlbetonbau》2005,100(5):370-375
Design of Reinforced Concrete Beams with rectangular Cross Sections against biaxial Shear Forces An approach is presented to design reinforced concrete beams with rectangular cross sections and usual stirrups against shear forces that act inclined to the principal axes of the cross sections. It basis on the “truss model with crack friction” and adds supplementary terms to the equations of the shear resistances acc. to DIN 1045‐1 to take account for shear force inclinations. Verifications to experimental as well as numerical data are given. An example shows that resistances evidently decrease – or higher amounts of stirrup reinforcement become necessary –, if shear forces deviate from principal axes. 相似文献
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尼日利亚New Minna体育馆屋盖采用空间管桁架结构,跨度为75.4×86.8m,主桁架在短方向。体育馆看台采用混凝土框架结构,建筑外皮为外倾6°的混凝土结构。本文主要介绍了该工程设计过程中一些主要设计参数(基本风压、抗震设防烈度等)的选取、主体结构及屋盖钢结构的具体结构设计。 相似文献
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上海世博和谐塔风荷载参数数值风洞模拟 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
采用数值风洞技术数值模拟上海世博和谐塔的绕流场,获得了三维复杂结构的绕流场和风荷载参数。充分结合现有的计算技术和硬件计算能力,把整体结构的数值模拟分解为核心圆筒加外围弧形铝板部分,以及桁架体系部分。利用前者得到的等效局部风环境来评估桁架体系的风荷载,从而得到整体的风荷载参数。通过与物理风洞的试验结果进行对比可以认为数值风洞的结果是可信的。 相似文献
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从钢桁梁断面风荷载和车辆荷载加载角度对现有风-车-桥耦合振动系统进行精细化改进。首先基于钢桁梁自身结构特性,以桁杆为单位,对静风力和抖振力,采用合力等效原则,使得任意时刻每个截面内所有节点所受静风力和抖振力的合力与作用在该截面形心的等效静风力和抖振力相等,求取每个节点的静风力和抖振力;对于自激力,依据刚体运动学理论,推导了钢桁梁截面节点与相应截面形心两者运动状态之间的关系式,采用响应不变原则,获取每个节点的自激力。其次在已建立适用于单主梁模型的分析系统的基础上,融入提出的钢桁梁风荷载精细化分析方法,构建大跨钢桁悬索桥风-车-桥分析系统,并基于OpenGL技术集成开发风荷载作用下随机车流过桥的动态可视化功能。最后依托一座典型大跨钢桁悬索桥,采用建立的分析系统,对不同风速和车流密度作用下的桥梁响应进行分析。结果表明:桥梁跨中竖向位移响应主要受车辆荷载控制,横向位移同时受风荷载和车流密度控制,但风荷载起主要作用;随着风速和车流密度的逐渐增大,跨中内力与位移响应极值明显增大。 相似文献
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菲律宾某地最大设计风速达到215 km/h,风力17级,属于飓风,因此大跨屋盖的结构设计异常困难。该地的某大跨体育馆的下层屋盖为游泳馆屋盖,并作为上层屋盖的支承点和看台;上层屋盖为大跨度空间钢桁架结构,屋盖东西长为130.0 m,南北宽为31.0 m。考虑屋盖跨度大、整体结构超长的特点,上层屋盖采用平面管桁架形式,下侧游泳馆屋面及看台采用空间三角管桁架结构。基于屋盖结构方案的可行性比选,选取普通框架管桁架结构、斜拉空间桁架、斜拉空间桁架加配重3种方案,进行结构整体建模的非线性分析,比较整体结构的挠度、构件规格、结构用材以及可施工性。分析认为,结构方案3具有较好的经济性和结构性能,比较适用于考虑飓风作用下大跨空间结构的结构形式。 相似文献