多径条件下均匀线阵DOA估计及互耦误差自校正

针对多径信道环境下存在互耦误差的均匀线阵,提出了一种联合波达方向估计及互耦 误差自校正算法。在不改变阵列互耦误差的条件下,首先利用虚拟阵列平移预处理方法,将 相干信源协方差矩阵恢复到满秩。进而利用互耦误差的对称Toeplitz特性,基于子空间原理 构造一代阶函数,采用秩损的方法得到互耦误差条件下的DOA估计及阵列互耦误差。数值仿 真结果表明,该算法具有良好的DOA估计性能与互耦误差自校正性能。     

多子阵互耦条件下的一维波达方向估计及互耦白校正

该文研究多子阵（multiple subarrays）阵元互耦条件下的波达方向（DOA）估计,假设阵列由多个位置已知的均匀线阵（ULA）组成,但线阵阵元间存在互耦效应。利用均匀线阵互耦矩阵的带状、对称Toeplitz性及多子阵互耦矩阵的块状对角特性,提出了一种解耦合波达方向估计及互耦自校正算法。该算法在未知阵元互耦参数的情况下,可准确估计出信源的波达方向。另外,算法在精确估计波达方向的同时,还可准确估计出阵元问的互耦系数,实现多子阵的互耦自校正。算法的波达方向估计只需一维谱峰搜索,避免了通常多参数联合估计的多维非线性搜索及迭代运算,可明显减小算法运算量。文中讨论了算法参数可辨识性的必要条件,并分析计算了多参数联合估计的克拉美-罗界（CRB）。理论分析及蒙特卡罗仿真结果表明,该算法具有计算量小、DOA估计分辨力高、互耦校正效果好等优点。     

多子阵互耦条件下的一维波达方向估计及互耦自校正

该文研究多子阵(multiple subarrays)阵元互耦条件下的波达方向(DOA)估计,假设阵列由多个位置已知的均匀线阵(ULA)组成,但线阵阵元间存在互耦效应。利用均匀线阵互耦矩阵的带状、对称Toeplitz性及多子阵互耦矩阵的块状对角特性,提出了一种解耦合波达方向估计及互耦自校正算法。该算法在未知阵元互耦参数的情况下,可准确估计出信源的波达方向。另外,算法在精确估计波达方向的同时,还可准确估计出阵元间的互耦系数,实现多子阵的互耦自校正。算法的波达方向估计只需一维谱峰搜索,避免了通常多参数联合估计的多维非线性搜索及迭代运算,可明显减小算法运算量。文中讨论了算法参数可辨识性的必要条件,并分析计算了多参数联合估计的克拉美-罗界(CRB)。理论分析及蒙特卡罗仿真结果表明,该算法具有计算量小、DOA估计分辨力高、互耦校正效果好等优点。     

互耦条件下均匀线阵DOA盲估计

阵元间存在互耦时,经典的波达角(DOA)估计算法性能急剧下降甚至失效。针对互耦条件下均匀线阵DOA估计问题,该文提出一种基于盲源分离的DOA盲估计算法。首先,利用源信号的统计特性,由盲源分离方法估计广义阵列流形矩阵;然后,利用均匀线阵互耦矩阵带状、Toeplitz矩阵的特点,将DOA估计问题转化为多个可分离非线性最小二乘问题,由多个1维频域搜索得到DOA的估计。该算法无需高维搜索或多维迭代,对互耦自由度要求更低,互耦自由度未知时仍旧适用,稳健度高。数值仿真验证了该文算法的有效性。     

阵列互耦条件下相干信源DOA估计算法研究

针对阵列互耦条件下相干信源到达方向（DOA）估计的问题,利用均匀线阵互耦矩阵的带状循环特性及对称Toeplitz性,提出了一种基于改进的空间平滑算法的信源DOA估计算法。该算法无需阵元的互耦参数信息,只需一维谱峰搜索,避免了通常多参数联合估计的多维非线性搜索及迭代运算;由于采用改进的空间平滑算法,所以该算法具有很好的统计估计性能。计算机仿真结果验证了该算法的正确性和有效性。     

一种阵列互耦矩阵与波达方向的级联估计方法

当阵列天线存在互耦效应时,传统多重信号分类(MUltiple SIgnal Classification, MUSIC)算法的测向性能急剧下降。为了有效估计阵列互耦矩阵(MCM)与入射信号的波达方向(Direction Of Arrival, DOA),该文提出一种阵列互耦矩阵与波达方向的级联估计方法。利用互耦矩阵的结构特点,变换阵列流形,实现对互耦矩阵与DOA的解耦合。求解线性约束下的二次优化问题,利用谱峰搜索,得到阵列互耦矩阵和入射信号DOA,完成互耦误差自校正。通过计算机仿真验证了该文方法估计性能的有效性和优越性。     

一种利用互耦矩阵稀疏性的阵列误差有源校正改进算法

重点研究了波达方向估计中由阵元互耦、幅相误差以及阵元位置误差的综合影响引起的阵列误差校正问题,其主要方法是通过矩阵特征分解得到一组校正源的方向矢量来估计阵列误差.文中给出了一种改进的参数估计算法,该算法充分利用了互耦矩阵的稀疏性,并通过交替迭代的方法实现了阵列误差矩阵和阵元位置误差的优化校正.计算机仿真结果表明文中的改进算法提高了参数估计精度.     

基于协方差匹配技术的互耦和幅相误差联合校正算法

 提出了基于协方差匹配技术的均匀线阵互耦和幅相误差联合校正算法.首先,根据协方差匹配技术中的目标函数和均匀线阵的误差模型,设计了一种交替迭代算法用以实现各种参数的优化计算.接着,为了避免该算法中的每轮循环迭代都需要进行波达方向估计这一复杂环节,利用理想条件均匀线阵协方差阵的Toeplitz性,给出了另一种改进型交替迭代算法用以减少计算复杂度.与基于子空间技术的阵列误差校正方法相比,文中的两种新算法可直接利用信源的统计特性,并且适用于不同的高斯噪声模型(例如噪声功率不一致),仿真实验验证了新算法的有效性和优越性.     

基于MUSIC迭代法的互耦误差校正

针对阵元之间存在互耦误差,阵列流型会出现一定程度的偏差和扰动的问题,提出了基于MUSIC(MUlti-ple SIgnal Classification)迭代法的互耦误差自校正算法及在互耦误差条件下的DOA(Direction of Arrival)估计算法。利用MUSIC迭代法对波达方向和互耦误差同时进行估计。该算法能够在互耦误差存在的情况下,有效地估计出波达方向和互耦矩阵,仿真实验证明了该算法的有效性。     

阵元位置互质的线性阵列:互耦分析和角度估计

该文研究了阵元位置互质的线性阵列(CLA)的互耦分析和角度估计问题。首先,给出了阵元位置互质的线性阵列的定义,证明了其导向矢量是不模糊的。随后,利用高阶累积量,建立了阵列输出信号的3阶张量模型,并通过张量分解得到导向矢量的估计。最后,利用得到的导向矢量估计,推导了一种无模糊的信号角度估计的方法。CLA可将相邻阵元间的间距设计远大于半波长,因此可显著降低阵列互耦效应。通过阻抗匹配互耦模型比较了CLA和常用典型阵列结构的互耦与角度估计性能,表明了CLA的有效性。     

Real-valued DOA estimation for uniform linear array with unknown mutual coupling

In this paper, we propose a real-valued direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation method for uniform linear arrays (ULAs) in the presence of unknown mutual coupling. By taking advantage of the special structure of the mutual coupling matrix for ULAs, the effect of mutual coupling is eliminated by the inherent mechanism of the proposed method. Moreover, the computational complexity is reduced by a factor of at least four after further performing a unitary transformation capable of converting a complex covariance matrix into a real one. We also investigate the performance loss due to the imperfect structure of the mutual coupling matrix under the NEC-2 code. Experimental results with respect to the NEC-2 code illustrate that our new method even outperforms a state-of-the-art method in the literature.     

一种新的互耦补偿方法及其在DOA估计中的应用

提出了一种新的互耦补偿方法并应用到偶极子天线阵,该方法采用特征基函数作为各阵元在阵列环境中的电流分布,应用感应电动势法计算互阻抗矩阵;与已有的方法比较,它具有显式的计算公式,不仅计算量小,而且有效考虑了传统开路模型中开路阵元的散射作用;通过在空间谱估计中的应用,证明了该方法具有明显高于传统方法的补偿精度.     

一种互耦条件下多径信号的2D DOA估计方法

在均匀圆阵的阵列结构下,提出了一种互耦条件下相干多径信号的2D DOA估计方法,该方法基于RARE降秩理论,首先对多径相干源进行去相干处理,并对与俯仰角相关的互耦矩阵进行补偿,然后将圆阵导向矢量转换成新的波束空间阵列流型,同时将俯仰角与方位角变量构造到两个独立的函数中去,实现在互耦未知的情况下用求根的方法估计出方位角,再根据俯仰角向量函数与噪声零空间的关系通过1D参数搜索得到俯仰角的估计,最后再与方位角配对,得到2DDOA估计结果.整个估计过程仅需要1D参数搜索,不需要预先知道空间信源个数及相关性,俯仰角与方位角能正确配对,克服了RARE算法中2D DOA伪估计问题,没有孔径损失,计算量较RARE算法增加不大.仿真结果验证所提方法的有效性.     

2-D DOA estimation in case of unknown mutual coupling for multipath signals

In this paper, two dimensional (2-D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation problem in case of unknown mutual coupling and multipath signals is investigated for antenna arrays. A new technique is proposed which uses a special array structure consisting of parallel uniform linear array (PULA). PULA structure is complemented with auxiliary antennas in order to have a structured mutual coupling matrix (MCM). MCM has a symmetric banded Toeplitz structure which allows the application of the ESPRIT algorithm for 2-D paired DOA estimation. The advantage of the PULA structure is exploited by dividing it into overlapping linear sub-arrays (triplets) and spatial smoothing is employed to mitigate multipath signals. Closed form expressions are presented for search-free, paired and unambiguous 2-D DOA estimation. Two algorithms PULA-1 and PULA-2 are proposed to effectively solve the problem. Several simulations are done and the accuracy of the proposed solution is shown.     

Array design for a specified pattern by matrix methods

A new method is presented for designing arrays of parallel wire antennas. The method relates a desired pattern with required feed voltages such that mutual coupling is taken into account in the design procedure. The technique uses matrix methods together with results of the "Method of Moments" to determine the self- and mutual impedances and the required excitations. The design method can be applied to circular, elliptical, and other planar arrays although attention is restricted here to linear arrays. The feed points and the array geometry must be specified.     

A Novel Online Mutual Coupling Compensation Algorithm for Uniform and Linear Arrays

In this paper, a novel online mutual coupling compensation algorithm especially tailored to uniform and linear arrays is presented. It is conceived to simultaneously compensate for mutual coupling and estimate the direction-of-arrivals (DOAs) of signals impinging on the array since the estimated calibration matrix can be embedded within any classical super-resolution direction-finding method. An alternating minimization procedure based on closed-form solutions is performed to estimate the mutual coupling matrix in the field of complex symmetric Toeplitz matrices. Unlike many existing array calibration methods, it requires neither the presence of calibration sources nor previous calibration information as initialization. Computer simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed technique and prove that the nice statistical properties of classical super-resolution DOA estimation algorithms can be restored despite the presence of mutual coupling     

Bias analysis of MUSIC in the presence of mutual coupling

The effect of mutual coupling in antenna elements heavily deteriorates the performance of existing array-based bearing-finding methods. Such a bias of MUSIC in uniform and general linear arrays is analytically studied and an explicit expression of a relationship between this bias and the effect of mutual coupling together with the direction of the incident source is given. The biases of different arrays are also compared to provide a reference when choosing the right array under the considerable effect of mutual coupling.     

自由度和互耦联合优化的三阶嵌套阵

针对现有嵌套阵自由度低、 互耦率高的问题,本文采用均匀线阵进行级联,提出一种高自由度低互耦的三阶嵌套阵,该结构保留了嵌套阵的原有优势,具有物理阵元位置和自由度的闭式解,且极大程度地降低了阵元互耦.首先,对传统的回波信号模型引入互耦矩阵,建立了互耦条件下回波信号模型;然后,给出了三阶嵌套阵的布阵方式,并推导了"差联合阵列...     

基于子空间的阵元间互耦校正方法

本文基于子空间基本原理,提出了一种均匀线阵或均匀圆阵单元间互耦的校正方法.该方法的优点在于只需要一个辅助校正源,并且它的方向可以未知.计算机模拟结果证明了这种方法的正确性和有效性.