混合对流绕圆柱涡旋脱落及对传热影响的数值研究

利用本文作者改进的关于流函数一涡量方向的数值求解方法，模拟了混合对流绕圆柱涡旋脱落及对传热的影响，得到了雷诺数Ｒｅ与格拉肖夫数Ｇｒ双重作用下圆柱尾迹涡型转变的规律，并数值研究耻存在小扰动的自由来流、圆柱旋转（γ）及浮力与来流成不同角度（δ）等因素对旋涡脱落，对传热的影响。除Ｒｅ数处，δ，Ｇｒ数对尾涡流型及传热产生较大影响，可利用这些参数来控制绕流流动及强化传热作用。     

亚临界雷诺数下波浪型圆柱绕流的数值模拟及减阻研究

采用大涡模拟数值方法对亚临界雷诺数Re=3000下波浪型圆柱的绕流现象进行研究分析。研究结果表明,波浪型圆柱的三维尾迹涡结构能得到很好的控制,它在轴向方向呈现周期性正负涡的交替分布特性。随着幅值的增大,波浪型圆柱表面的自由剪切层得以延展,使得旋涡的脱落发生在波浪型圆柱下游较远处,从而达到减阻的目的。波浪型圆柱与普通直圆柱相比,其幅值对平均阻力系数及脉动升力系数的减少及尾迹控制有着更重要的影响,最大减阻可达16%。     

圆柱尾迹流场中横向振荡翼型绕流的数值模拟

该文数值模拟了静止圆柱尾迹中横向振荡翼型绕流的涡结构、力及频谱特性,揭示前方尾迹流场对振荡翼绕流特性的影响，以了解鱼类游动时自主利用前方流场有利干扰的流体力学机理。研究表明圆柱尾迹的影响可导致翼型前缘涡脱落模态发生变化；翼型尾迹的频谱特性更加复杂;在一定的参数下翼型阻力系数可以整体下降。     

旋转振荡圆柱绕流中的频率耦合现象研究

通过分离解法数值求解原始变量的不可压二维N－S方程，对在均匀来流中旋转振荡圆柱问题进行了数值模拟，利用快速傅里叶变换（FFT）方法进行频谱分析，得到了在低雷诺数下圆柱自然涡脱落频率同外部迫强迫振荡频率之间的耦合作用。进而说明了在不同频率耦合区域流场涡形成、发展和脱落的规律。     

流向振荡圆柱绕流中的涡脱落模态分析

本文用有限体积法对平行于均匀来流方向受迫振荡的圆柱绕流问题进行了二维数值模拟。雷诺数选取Re=200、855等几种亚临界雷诺数情况。研究了不同振幅和振动频率下的流场结构、涡脱落模态和一些重要流动参数如升阻力系数、Strouhal数的变化关系。西文计算表明，流向振荡圆柱绕流中涡脱落方式可划分为对称与反对称两种形态，在反对称的涡脱落现象中又观察到了三种基本模态，相互竞争的各种模态间的共同作用对流动特征起决定性作用。同时计算结果还验证了在圆柱绕流实验中观察到的频率锁定现象。     

基于转捩SST模型的钝尾缘水翼绕流数值计算与分析

边界层转捩是影响水翼绕流水动力学特性的关键因素之一。为了探究γ-Reθt转捩模型在低湍流度来流下水翼边界层转捩及尾涡脱落预测中的适用性,本文基于耦合γ-Reθt转捩模型和SST k-ω模型的转换SST模型,对0°攻角的NACA0009钝尾缘水翼绕流进行了数值计算。分析了转捩SST模型对网格尺度的敏感性,预测了边界层和尾迹区流场及不同雷诺数下水翼尾涡脱落特征,并与实验数据和SST k-ω模型计算结果进行了对比。结果表明:随近壁面第一层网格尺度y+的增大,水翼边界层转捩位置沿流向后移,最大y+值小于1时,预测的转捩位置趋于一致;与SST k-ω模型相比,转捩SST模型可以求解层流边界层,避免了在边界层和尾迹区对涡黏系数的过高预测,得到的边界层厚度和水翼尾迹区流动参数与实验结果更为接近;转捩SST模型可以较准确预测水翼尾涡脱落频率随雷诺数增大而增加的变化趋势,水翼尾涡脱落频率预测值与实验结果的最大相对误差为6.2%。     

壁面对并列双圆柱尾迹影响的实验研究

用压强传感器和PIV对近壁并列双圆柱尾迹频谱和涡结构进行了测量,来研究壁面对其尾迹特性的影响.实验在循环水槽内进行,雷诺数为1696(基于圆柱直径D),壁面边界层厚度为6.6D.两个重要的特征参数T/D和G/D(T为两圆柱中心间的距离,G为下圆柱与壁面间的距离)分别为:T/D=1.151和1.604;G/D=0～1.811.结果显示,对于T/D=1.151,当G/D为0.302～1.811时,两圆柱尾迹表现为base-bleed流动模式,随着G/D的增加,尾迹强度逐渐增强,尺寸逐渐减小.对于T/D=1.604,当G/D大于临界值时出现biased流动模式,随着G/D的增加,两圆柱的尾迹尺寸以及上圆柱的斯特鲁哈数St变化很小;当G/D小于临界值时,随着G/D的减小,两圆柱的尾迹尺寸都逐渐减小,上圆柱的St逐渐增加.     

特征线算子分裂有限元的圆柱绕流大涡模拟

为研究圆柱绕流流场特性,将大涡模拟与特征线算子分裂有限元相结合,建立了大涡模拟特征线算子分裂有限元模型,对单圆柱和串列双圆柱绕流问题进行了数值模拟,所得结果与现有研究结果吻合较好。模拟结果表明:对单圆柱绕流,随着雷诺数的增大,圆柱近尾流区上下交替的涡旋逐渐靠近通过圆柱几何中心的水平线,且涡脱落位置逐渐靠近圆柱。对Re=1 000的串列双圆柱绕流,临界间距在圆柱直径的2.25~2.5倍之间;当两圆柱间距小于临界间距时,上游圆柱后方无明显涡旋脱落,间隙处压力较稳定;大于临界间距时,有涡旋脱落,上游圆柱尾流区上下表面交替出现强负压区。     

圆柱结构顺流向第一不稳定区内涡激振动的研究

在实际工程中圆柱结构顺流向的涡激振动比较常见,其对结构的疲劳破坏影响也十分显著。该文分析了弹性支承圆柱在顺流向第一不稳定区内的涡激振动,运用Van der Pol方程描述对称旋涡脱落的尾迹特性,采用尾流振子模型计算结构响应,并研究了质量-阻尼参数和质量率对顺流向涡激振动的影响机理。数值计算结果表明,在第一不稳定区内,弹性支承圆柱顺流向涡激振动存在临界质量率。     

二维叶栅通道直接数值模拟涡系分析

该文基于有限体积法对NACA0065叶栅内二维不可压缩流动进行直接数值模拟,得到不同雷诺数下叶栅通道内的瞬时涡系结构和时均物理量分布,进而表明了涡系结构对叶片气动系数的影响。在低雷诺数情况下,尾迹旋涡的周期性脱落频率导致升阻系数的周期性变化。利用傅立叶变换,气动系数谱中的主频与涡脱落频率精准对应,进一步分析表明次频是由脱落周期内相邻区域的不同涡核低压区交替出现而导致。在高雷诺数下,气动力系数频谱中出现了更多的高频谐波。此外,该文利用Liutex理论中的R-S分解和涡量输运方程解释了NACA0065叶片表面剪切层产生旋涡的机理,并研究了强剪切区和弱剪切区处的涡核特性。该研究结果可使工程界对NACA0065叶栅中的相应旋涡结构及其相互作用有了更深入的物理理解。     

Large-eddy simulation of the flow past both finite and infinite circular cylinders at Re =3900

The flow past a finite circular cylinder with a height-to-diameter ratio of 1.5 and an infinite circular cylinder of the same diameter at a Reynolds number Re= 3 900 is investigated using the large eddy simulation(LES). The objective of the present study is to explore the differences of the flow mechanisms between the finite and infinite circular cylinders. It is shown that the free end of the finite circular cylinders affects the wake region significantly. The mean drag coefficient and the fluctuating lift coefficient of the finite circular cylinder are smaller than those of the infinite circular cylinder. The three-dimensional separation and the separated shear layer instability of the finite circular cylinder can obviously be observed. The existence of an arch vortex in the average flow downstream of the free end is demonstrated.     

三方柱绕流的大涡模拟及频谱分析

高雷诺数条件下,无论来流是均匀还是非均匀,多方柱绕流情况下方柱受力及尾流的相互干扰都是相当复杂的。为了研究方柱受力及下游尾流的相互干扰,基于大涡模拟紊流模型对后品字等边布置的三方柱绕流进行了数值模拟,数值模拟结果表明,上游两个方柱的阻力系数要明显小于下游方柱,而上游两方柱升力系数远大于下游方柱,且下游方柱的升力系数基本上在零左右振荡,通过频谱分析发现了它们之间的区别。方柱的尾流存在着强烈的非对称相互干扰,且涡有明显的三维性。     

淹没垂直圆柱周围水流结构及紊流特性试验研究

淹没垂直圆柱虽在各工程领域中均有广泛的实际应用,但还没有关于其绕流场内水流结构及紊流特性的系统研究。通过室内变坡水槽试验对淹没垂直圆柱周围的瞬时流速场进行了精细测量,分析了淹没率对垂直圆柱上下游竖直对称面内三维流速、紊动强度等水力参数垂线分布的影响程度,研究了向下水流、马蹄形旋涡和尾流旋涡等典型水流结构的冲刷力随淹没率的变化规律,揭示了淹没率影响垂直圆柱周围清水局部冲刷的机理。研究结果表明:增大淹没率能够减小垂直圆柱出露于水体中的有效长度,使得垂直圆柱对水体的阻流和扰动作用减弱,也使得垂直圆柱上游迎水面处向下水流、柱周马蹄形旋涡和下游尾流旋涡的冲刷能力被有效削弱,降低了垂直圆柱周围床面泥沙被旋涡体系卷起后顺水流失的概率。     

近壁圆柱绕流的壁面积沙现象机理分析

针对近壁圆柱绕流过程中出现的在平板壁面积沙现象用数值模拟方法进行了机理分析。应用标准k-ε湍流模型和流函数-涡量法分析了不同间隙比（圆柱与壁面间的距离对圆柱直径之比）下的尾流特性，得到圆柱表面升阻力和平板壁面压强脉动。结合流动显示的染色粒子图方法，进行了详细的分析并提出近壁圆柱绕流过程中在圆柱下游平板壁面形成沙粒线的可能机理。     

两层黏性流体中直立圆柱体绕流的三维数值模拟

研究了两层流体中直立贯底圆柱体的三维黏性绕流问题.以不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程为控制方程,应用VOF方法追踪两层流体的内界面,建立了该问题的数值模拟方法.成功地数值模拟了两层流体中圆柱体黏性绕流产生的三维尾涡特征,表明了流体的密度分层效应对直立贯底圆柱体的尾涡特性和阻力系数都是有影响的.在海洋立管涡激振动的研究中,考虑流体的密度分层效应是重要的.     

FORCE REDUCTION OF FLOW AROUND A SINUSOIDAL WAVY CYLINDER

A large eddy simulation of cross-flow around a sinusoidal wavy cylinder at Re=3000 was performed and the load cell measurement was introduced for the validation test. The mean flow field and the near wake flow structures were presented and compared with those for a circular cylinder at the same Reynolds number. The mean drag coefficient for the wavy cylinder is smaller than that for a corresponding circular cylinder due to the formation of a longer wake vortex generated by the wavy cylinder. The fluctuating lift coefficient of the wavy cylinder is also greatly reduced. This kind of wavy surface leads to the formation of 3-D free shear layers which are more stable than purely 2-D free shear layers. Such free shear layers only roll up into mature vortices at further downstream position and significantly modify the near wake structures and the pressure distributions around the wavy cylinder. Moreover, the simulations in laminar flow condition were also performed to investigate the effect of Reynolds number on force reduction control.     

A numerical study on dispersion of particles from the surface of a circular cylinder placed in a gas flow using discrete vortex method

The dispersion of particles emitted from the surface of a circular cylinder placed in a gas flow at the Reynolds number of 200 000 is numerically investigated using the discrete vortex method coupled with a Lagrangian approach for solid particle tracking. The wake vortex patterns, the temporal-spatial distributions and trajectories as well as the dispersion functions for particles with various Stokes numbers（St） ranging from 0.001 to 1.0 are obtained. The numerical results reveal that：（1） Solid particles on the cylinder surface are picked up and then transported away from the cylinder by the wake vortex flow.（2） Solid particles emitted from the cylinder surface always follow the vortices in the cylinder wake, and the response of particles to wake vortices is directly related to their Stokes numbers（particles with St= 0.001, 0.0038, 0.01 can distribute both in the vortex core and around the vortex periphery, whereas those with St= 0.1, 1.0 can not enter the vortex core and congregate mainly around the vortex periphery）.（3） The particles move in rolling state in the wake region, and the dispersion intensity of particles in the lateral direction decreases remarkably as the Stokes number of particles is increased from 0.001 to 1.0.     

A NEW WAKE OSCILLATOR MODEL FOR PREDICTING VORTEX INDUCED VIBRATION OF A CIRCULAR CYLINDER

This article proposes a new wake oscillator model for vortex induced vibrations of an elastically supported rigid circular cylinder in a uniform current. The near wake dynamics related with the fluctuating nature of vortex shedding is modeled based on the classical van der Pol equation, combined with the equation for the oscillatory motion of the body. An appropriate approach is developed to estimate the empirical parameters in the wake oscillator model. The present predicted results are compared to the experimental data and previous wake oscillator model results. Good agreement with experimental results is found.     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF VORTEX SHEDDING FROM A SQUARE CYLINDER AND ITS EFFECTS ON HEAT TRANSFER OF MIXED CONVECTION

1 .　INTRODUCTIONForseveraldecades ,thenumericalandexperi mentalinvestigationofvortexsheddingfromaheated cooledbluntbodyinthemixednaturalandforcedconvectionregimeshasbeenasubjectofgreatinterestamongappliedmathematicians,fluiddynamicistsandheattransferanalysistowingtoitsnumerousengineeringapplicationssuchasthecoolingofelectroniccomponents ,thecoolingofhotwireanemometersandtheliftenhancementasattributedtotheMagnuseffects .Literatureonvortexsheddingfromcircularcylinderinthemixedconvectionregi…