内凝固浴组成对聚氯乙烯中空纤维膜结构和性能的影响

利用非溶剂致相法纺丝制备聚氯乙烯(PVC)中空纤维膜,考察了内凝固浴中分别添加溶剂N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、NaCl和CaCl2对膜结构和性能的影响。结果表明,膜内表面孔结构随内凝固浴中DMF含量的提高,逐渐由致密的蜂窝状变成稀疏的海绵状;膜的水通量先上升后下降、力学性能提高;质量分数6%的DMF内凝固浴的膜性能最优,水通量和力学性能相对于纯水内凝固浴都有很大的提高,制成滤芯时产水量最大。内凝固浴中添加NaCl和CaCl2使中空纤维膜的力学性能提高,但水通量下降。相比而言,内凝固浴中添加溶剂对膜的性能改善效果优于内凝固浴中添加盐。     

凝固浴组成对NMMO法纤维素膜形貌的影响

为实现对分离用纤维素膜形貌的控制,采用NMMO法,分别以水、甲醇、乙醇和由它们配制的双组分溶液为凝固浴,制备了纤维素膜,观察了干膜的表面和断面形貌,测定了湿膜的孔结构参数,在对比基础上分析了干膜中微孔的形成过程与机制,探讨了纤维素结晶尺度与湿膜平均孔径的相关性和影响因素.研究表明,不同凝固浴制备出的纤维素膜在干态形貌上差别明显.纤维素膜的湿态孔隙率基本不受凝固浴组成影响,而干态下的致密区域在水溶胀后呈现多孔结构,对湿膜平均孔径影响很大.通过改变凝固浴组成,可分别或协同地调控纤维素膜的干态或湿态结构.     

凝固浴对聚芳硫醚砜分离膜结构与性能的影响

采用沉浸凝胶法制备了聚芳硫醚砜(PASS)分离膜,并探究了复合凝固浴以及双凝固浴对分离膜结构与性能的影响。利用扫描电子显微镜观察了PASS分离膜的形态结构,统计了孔径大小并计算了孔隙率,用超滤杯测试了分离膜的水通量及其渗透和分离性能,用万能材料测试机测试了分离膜的力学性能。结果表明:在复合凝固浴中,随着复合凝固浴溶剂浓度的增加,PASS分离膜表面的孔径逐渐增大,支撑层也由非对称的指状结构逐渐过渡为对称的海绵状结构;采用双凝固浴,可结合瞬时分相与延时分相制备表面孔径大、支撑层非对称并且贯穿性较好的PASS分离膜。     

凝固浴组成和温度对PVDF疏水微孔膜结构与性能的影响

利用非溶剂相转化法(NIPS),以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)/磷酸三乙酯(TEP)-N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)为铸膜液体系,乙醇水溶液为凝固浴制备高性能的PVDF疏水微孔膜。考察了凝固浴中乙醇(EtOH)含量及凝固浴温度对PVDF成膜分相速率、膜结构和膜疏水性的影响。实验结果表明,在20℃的凝固浴温度下,凝固浴中乙醇含量的升高减慢了铸膜液体系的分相速率,提高了PVDF膜的孔隙率;在凝固浴中添加60%(wt)的乙醇,可形成表面荷叶状结构和截面对称的海绵状结构,膜表面的接触角为130.3°,呈很强的疏水性,并具有较优的膜强度。     

PTAM/PAN共混膜的抗静电性能研究

采用甲基丙烯酸氨基乙酯的均聚物(PTAM)与聚丙烯腈(PAN)共混,以硫氰酸钠溶液为凝固浴制备PTAM/PAN共混膜。探讨了PTAM含量、凝固时间以及凝固浴温度对共混膜抗静电性能的影响。结果表明:当共混膜中PTAM质量分数为7%、凝固时间为65 min、凝固浴温度为6℃时,PTAM/PAN共混膜体积电阻率降低到109Ω.cm。     

NMMo工艺纤维素包装薄膜力学性能的研究

主要研究了不同原料、不同工艺条件对纤维素包装薄膜力学性能的影响。结果表明：棉浆体积分数为5％，凝固浴体积分数为20％，凝固浴温度为25℃时，可制得有较好力学性能的纤维素包装膜。     

高强度丁基壳聚糖膜的制备及性能测定

用醋酸(HAc)溶解自制的丁基壳聚糖,制得丁基壳聚糖/醋酸溶液。以丁基壳聚糖/醋酸溶液为原液,采用匀胶涂膜工艺,以氢氧化钠为凝固浴,制得丁基壳聚糖膜。详细考察了丁基壳聚糖膜厚度、w(HAc)、w(丁基壳聚糖)、w(碱液)、碱液浸泡时间等对膜断裂强度的影响。确定了制备丁基壳聚糖的最佳工艺条件:w(HAc)=2.5%,w(丁基壳聚糖)=2.5%,w(NaOH)=2.0%的,浸泡3.5h,得到丁基壳聚糖膜的断裂强度为291.2MPa,断裂伸长率为12.5%,初始模量为1.9GPa。     

凝固浴体系对PVDF超滤膜性能与结构的影响

利用非溶剂相转化法(NIPS),以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)为铸膜液,水、二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)、PVP体系为凝固浴,制备外压中空纤维超滤膜。研究了凝固浴中DMAC和PVP含量以及凝固浴温度对膜性能和结构的影响。结果表明,凝固浴中DMAC含量的增加可以提高超滤膜的通量、断裂伸长率和表面的孔径,降低膜丝拉力;PVP含量对膜通量、拉力与断裂伸长率有非线性影响,当着PVP的质量分数大于12%时,支撑层孔径明显增加;凝固浴温度升高可以增加膜的通量,而对孔隙率、拉力和断裂伸长率则影响不大。当凝固浴中DMAC和PVP的质量分数分别为35%和12%、凝固浴温度为70℃时,可以得到性能较好得超滤膜。     

凝固浴工艺对聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺膜性能的影响

将聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺(PPTA)树脂和浓硫酸进行高温溶解,经过脱泡处理,得到PPTA-H_2SO_4溶液,在凝固浴中凝固制备PPTA膜,研究了凝固浴种类及工艺对PPTA膜的结构与性能的影响。结果表明:在质量分数为7%的H_2SO_4、质量分数为4%的Na OH、H_2O 3种凝固浴中,H_2SO_4凝固浴适合PPTA树脂成膜;PPTA膜最佳凝固浴工艺条件为凝固浴H_2SO_4质量分数7%,凝固浴温度3℃,凝固时间3.0 min,在此条件下PPTA膜具有均匀致密的结构,出现明显的彩色条纹状的液晶现象,热稳定性能最好,其拉伸强度约68MPa,900℃时质量保持率达59.81%。     

壳聚糖纤维制造工艺的研究

探讨了壳聚糖纤维制造中制浆,纺丝的工艺和纤维的可纺性能,使用脱乙酰率大于90％的壳聚糖原料,纺丝原液浓度在5－6％,凝固浴含碱量10％左右,牵伸倍数1．5－2倍的纺丝工艺条件较好。     

纳米TiO2光催化复合膜的制备及其对直接湖蓝催化降解性能

采用水解与均匀沉淀法相结合,制备了锐钛型纳米TiO₂粉末。以壳聚糖、β-环状糊精和十二烷基磺酸钠改性的纳米TiO₂为成膜材料,流延法制得分散较均匀的纳米复合膜,采用X射线衍射表征其结构,测试壳聚糖膜的机械性能,研究复合膜的制备工艺及对直接湖蓝的催化性能。结果表明,随着β-环糊精加入量的增加,复合膜的力学性能降低。复合膜中壳聚糖质量分数80.0%、β-环糊精质量分数16.0%和TiO₂质量分数4.0%时,对直接湖蓝的催化降解效果最好。     

壳聚糖/结冷胶双层膜制备工艺优化及表征

以壳聚糖（CS）和结冷胶（GG）为原料，采用溶液流延法并结合层层自组装技术制备了CS/GG双层膜，通过单因素和响应面试验优化制备工艺条件，并对双层膜的微观形貌、化学结构、力学性能、光学性能、阻水性能和抗氧化性能进行评价。结果表明，CS质量分数1.7 %、GG质量分数1.5 %、CS与GG成膜液体积比4/6、甘油质量分数25 %条件下双层膜的拉伸强度为38.83 MPa、透湿量为750.76 g/（m²·d）；与单层膜相比，CS/GG双层膜表面光滑、截面致密，红外光谱分析结果表明双层膜具有良好的相容性；双层膜可以有效改善纯CS膜、纯GG膜的力学性能和阻水性能。     

Microporous Composites Prepared by Coagulation of a CS/PEG Solution in NaOH

Novel biodegradable three-dimensional composites with a porous structure have been prepared by coagulation of a chitosan (CS)/poly ethylene glycol (PEG) solution in NaOH. It is confirmed that PEG acts not only as a modifier to improve the mechanical properties, but also as a porogen for the CS matrix to induce porous structure. The porous structure and mechanical properties of the composites can be tailored with the amount of PEG and glutaraldehyde (GA). The addition of GA can improve the interaction strength and compatibility between the PEG phase and CS matrix. The resulting composites have smaller pore size, lower porosity, and better mechanical properties.     

Preparation and characterization of poly(ethylene glycol) crosslinked chitosan films

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) crosslinked chitosan films with various PEG to chitosan ratio and PEG molecular weight were successfully prepared via the epoxy‐amine reaction between chitosan and PEG‐epoxy. The thermal and mechanical properties and swelling behavior were studied for the PEG crosslinked chitosan films. The mechanical strength of chitosan films were greatly enforced by the introduction of PEG‐epoxy, achieving an elongation of about 80%. It was found that the crosslinked chitosan films form hydrogel in water, achieving a swelling ratio higher than 20 times of original weight. The swelling behavior of chitosan films relied greatly on the molecular weight of the crosslinker PEG‐epoxy and the weight percent of PEG‐epoxy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008     

壳聚糖基聚电解质复合膜的制备及性能

为了克服壳聚糖薄膜力学强度差和在体液内降解太快的缺陷, 首先用"一步法"合成了—COOH含量及疏水性可控的苹果酸与乳酸共聚物(PML), 再将共聚物与壳聚糖(CS)复合, 通过溶液浇铸-挥发的方法制备改性复合薄膜。通过红外(FT-IR)、热重分析(TGA)、力学性能测试、降解实验及体外细胞毒性实验等方法对复合膜进行分析, 研究L-苹果酸(MA)与D,L-乳酸(LA)的投料比(n_MA:n_LA)对复合膜性能的影响。结果显示:当n_MA:n_LA为1:1.5时, 该共聚物与CS的复合膜拉伸强度达到54.8MPa, 断裂伸长率为10.7%, 质量损失50%所需时间为28天, 细胞相对增殖率为98.7%。研究表明:通过共聚物与壳聚糖之间的聚电解质相互作用, 有效形成了结构均匀、性能改善的薄膜, 复合膜的柔韧性提高, 降解时间适当延长, 性能可由共聚物的投料比来调节。复合膜无细胞毒性, 生物相容性好, 作为手术后防组织粘连材料具有光明的应用前景。     

Preparation of elastic chitosan/poly(<Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">l</Emphasis>-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) macroporous scaffolds by acetylation and particulate leaching

For soft tissue engineering applications, 3-D macroporous acetylated chitosan/poly(l-lactideco-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) scaffolds were prepared by acetylation and particulate leaching using sodium acetate in an acidic water/dioxane solution. Acetylated 5 wt% chitosan/PLCL scaffold of 90% porosity was determined and confirmed through various tests. The physiochemical properties of acetylated chitosan/PLCL hybrid scaffolds were examined by measuring water contact angles, pore morphology and interconnectivity using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dye release testing. In addition, mechanical properties such as tensile strength and bending stress recovery for determining the elasticity of scaffolds were measured. The fibroblast cell line NIH-3T3 was used to test relative cell affinities for the acetylated chitosan/PLCL vs. normal chitosan/PLCL films and porous scaffolds. The acetylated chitosan/PLCL films and scaffolds showed a high initial cell adhesion after 4 h of cell culture and increased cell proliferation compared to that of the control. The acetylated chitosan/PLCL scaffolds produced by particulate leaching showed a highly porous structure and improved the biocompatibility and stability of chitosan compared to that of chitosan-coated PLCL scaffolds. Thus, these scaffolds may be very useful for a variety of tissue engineering applications.     

Fiber formation and physical properties of chitosan fiber crosslinked by epichlorohydrin in a wet spinning system: The effect of the concentration of the crosslinking agent epichlorohydrin

The wet spinning of chitosan fibers was studied with 2% acetic acid as the solvent, 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide as the nonsolvent, and a 4% chitosan solution as the polymer. This article describes the crosslinking of the chitosan fibers. Epichlorohydrin (ECH) was selected as a convenient base‐catalyzed crosslinking agent. The coagulation and crosslinking of the chitosan fibers occurred simultaneously in the coagulation bath. In this study, we investigated the effect of the concentration of the crosslinking agent, ECH, in the spinning dope on the structural, thermal, morphological, and mechanical properties (e.g., the tenacity, elongation, and work of rupture) of chitosan fibers. The tenacity of the chitosan fibers, especially the wet tenacity, was improved by crosslinking. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 2054–2062, 2004     

改性纤维素和壳聚糖共混膜的制备及性能研究

将水溶性的纤维素衍生物——羟乙基纤维素与壳聚糖乙酸水溶液用溶液浇铸法制得羟乙基纤维素/壳聚糖(HEC/CS)共混膜。确定了该共混膜的最佳制备条件,并测试了其力学性能和生物降解性能。结果表明:HEC/CS共混膜具有好的抗菌性。     

纤维素与壳聚糖混合体系膜的性能研究

研究了由天然多糖—纤维素与甲壳素细化混合而制得膜的性能。实验采用了多种混合粉碎方式。结果表明,强烈的粉碎混合而制得的膜具有较高力学强度和均匀性。     

不同制备方法对纳米SiO2/NR复合材料力学性能的影响

本文研究了不同制备方法对纳米SiO2/NR复合材料力学性能的影响,结果表明:乳液共凝法制备的纳米SiO2/NR复合材料的力学性能优于机械共混法制备的纳米SiO2/NR复合材料力学性能.而先用硅酸钠和乙酸乙酯等制备纳米SiO2乳液,再与天然胶乳共凝的方法比用市售纳米SiO2与天然胶乳共凝的方法,纳米SiO2/NR复合材料...