Improvement of diamond X-ray mask membrane: Optical transmittance, surface roughness and irradiation durability

A viable method for the improvement of the polycrystalline diamond X-ray mask membrane is proposed. The use of an ionized cluster beam yields the smoothest surface. Sol-gel planarization film coating with indium tin oxide is the most effective method for obtaining high optical transmittance without sacrificing high synchrotron irradiation durability.     

Electron scattering of low-Z high-density materials in X-ray mask patterning

The scattering properties of low-Z high-density materials are discussed, through Monte Carlo simulation, in view of their utilization as membranes for X-ray masks. The interplay between low atomic number and high atomic density is discussed and a comparison with silicon is carried out, both in case of bulk targets and membranes. The low Z causes smaller proximity effects, but the decisive factor relative to silicon is constituted by the higher mechanical stiffness, which, in principle, allows to greatly reduce membrane thickness. However, we show that, in spite of the more favourable intrinsic scattering properties, the choice of these materials, in actual systems, is not always a real advantage. In the analysis of the single-layer resist process for X-ray mask fabrication, no significant difference relative to Si is found in the two limits of low and high energy. On the contrary, the choice of low-Z high-density materials is found to be advantageous at intermediate energy. In particular, we demonstrate that, while in the case of low-Z high-density materials, 0.15 μm resolution is successfully obtained already at 30 keV, in case of Si, this same resolution is only reached at e-beam energies of at least 40 keV.     

亚半微米铬掩模版制作技术研究

介绍了用LeicaVB5电子束曝光系统在涂敷有PMMA电子束抗蚀剂的4英寸铬板上,通过扫描曝光、湿法显影、干法刻蚀等手段制作亚微米、亚半微米铬掩模版的工艺技术。     

基于四象限探测器的桥梁挠度实时监测系统研究

为了实现高精度的桥梁挠度测量,提出了一种基于四象限探测器的桥梁挠度实时监测方法和系统。四象限探测器能使系统在挠度测量的同时还能获得被测点的横向位移,实现二维测量,并且具有高频测量的能力。用本文方法和系统对桥梁挠度进行单点或多点测量,结果表明：测试单点纵向位移能达到20μm的分辨率,测试精度可达到0.1 mm。     

激光图像挠度测量系统稳定性实验研究

本文介绍了适用于大型桥梁的激光图像挠度测量法的测量原理．在实验室构建出整个测量系统．并进行了室外和室内稳定性实验。实验结果表明该测量系统在室内具有较好的稳定性和可行性．能够用于具有密封梁体的大型刚构桥梁挠度的测量。     

基于单片机的步进电机控制系统的研究

本设计应用单片机、步进电机驱动芯片、LED显示和键盘阵列,构建了集步进电机控制器和驱动器于一体的步进电机控制系统。讨论了一种步进电机变频调速的方法。本控制系统的开发采用了软硬件协同仿真的方法,有效地减少系统开发的周期和成本。     

Prospective motion correction of X-ray images for coronary interventions

A method for prospective motion correction of X-ray imaging of the heart is presented. A 3D + t coronary model is reconstructed from a biplane coronary angiogram obtained during free breathing. The deformation field is parameterized by cardiac and respiratory phase, which enables the estimation of the state of the arteries at any phase of the cardiac-respiratory cycle. The motion of the three-dimensional (3-D) coronary model is projected onto the image planes and used to compute a dewarping function for motion correcting the images. The use of a 3-D coronary model facilitates motion correction of images acquired with the X-ray system at arbitrary orientations. The performance of the algorithm was measured by tracking the motion of selected left coronary landmarks using a template matching cross-correlation. In three patients, we motion corrected the same images used to construct their 3D + t coronary model. In this best case scenario, the algorithm reduced the motion of the landmarks by 84%-85%, from mean RMS displacements of 12.8-14.6 pixels to 2.1-2.2 pixels. Prospective motion correction was tested in five patients by building the coronary model from one dataset, and correcting a second dataset. The patient's cardiac and respiratory phase are monitored and used to calculate the appropriate correction parameters. The results showed a 48%-63% reduction in the motion of the landmarks, from a mean RMS displacement of 11.5-13.6 pixels to 4.4-7.1 pixels.     

基于单片机的步进电机控制系统设计

为实现PC上位机或单片机单独控制步进电机,提出一种基于MSP430FG4618单片机实现的步进电机控制系统。利用单片机USART模块与PC机之间的串行通信或硬件矩阵键盘．通过脉冲分配器PMM8713和驱动器PMM2101控制步进电机的各种运行方式,实现三相或四相步进电机在不同工作方式下的启停、转向控制和调速等功能。通过输出转矩测量,系统从0～1．5A增大过程中最大静转矩与电流有着近似的线性关系,估算误差在10％左右,验证了系统的合理性。     

离轴三反系统中视轴的偏转误差研究

考虑到离轴三反系统内部结构和光路的复杂性,直接分析离轴三反系统内部各反射镜的偏转误差对视轴的影响难度较大。因此,提出一种将离轴三反系统模型简化为单反射系统模型来进行分析的方法,并在该模型的基础上建立离轴三反系统视轴偏转误差的计算公式。最后,利用Zemax软件创建离轴三反系统模型,通过变动反射镜位置来模拟系统视轴的变化,并得到成像点的坐标,再将得到的像点坐标代入计算公式求解出系统视轴的转动量。通过结果对比,求解出视轴的转动量相对于仿真的最大误差不超过4%,验证了基于单反射模型建立的理论分析方法的正确性。     

基于单片机的步进电机转角定位控制系统

选择STC12C5A60S2单片机(MCU)作为微处理器,模拟实现了转台的正反两方向的转角定位功能,且其旋转转速可控。首先步进电机带动角度传感器旋转得到不同输出电压,利用单片机的A/D(10位)转换功能实现对此电压的数字解码,从而完成角度的检测。再利用检测得到的与旋转角度对应的数字量来修正单片机输出的驱动脉冲信号,使得期望的角度值与实际旋转的角度值尽量一致,达到精准控制步进电机转角的目的。     

基于滑模控制器的步进电机的无传感器控制

为了消除步进电机在开环控制时系统抗扰动能力差,易受电机参数摄动影响及失步的问题。由于传统加入编码器检测控制的方法,不能够解决系统稳定性与可靠性的问题。文中根据滑模变结构控制原理,针对两相混合式步进电机的数学模型,设计一个滑模控制器来实现步进电机的无位置传感器的闭环控制。仿真实验结果表明,与传统闭环控制相比,有效防止了步进电机突加负载而造成的失步,系统的动态性能明显改善,且具有对电机参数不敏感及抗扰动能力强等特点。     

Bayesian motion estimation for temporally recursive noise reduction in X-ray fluoroscopy

This paper develops a Bayesian motion estimation algorithm for motion-compensated temporally recursive filtering of moving low-dose X-ray images (X-ray fluoroscopy). These images often exhibit a very low signal-to-noise ratio. The described motion estimation algorithm is made robust against noise by spatial and temporal regularization. A priori expectations about the spatial and temporal smoothness of the motion vector field are expressed by a generalized Gauss-Markov random field. The advantage of using a generalized Gauss-Markov random field is that, apart from smoothness, it also captures motion edges without requiring an edge detection threshold. The costs of edges are controlled by a single parameter, by means of which the influence of the regularization can be tuned from a median-filter-like behaviour to a linear-filter-like one.     

引起阻焊膜色差的关键因素分析

在PCB阻焊外观品质控制中,阻焊的颜色是比较重要的一项控制点,对于使用同一型号阻焊油墨的一款生产板,板面阻焊出现明显的色差,客户一般不接受,目前业内对于引起阻焊色差的深层原因罕见报道。本文主要针对阻焊色差问题,研究了阻焊厚度、预烘时间、曝光能量、热固化温度时间等对阻焊颜色的影响,尝试从光学角度和阻焊的微观结构来解释引起阻焊色差的根本原因,同时研究了阻焊膜的色差所带来的可靠性问题,从结合力和其耐化学性方面做深入探讨。     

声光偏转系统光束准直及探测效率研究

针对声光偏转效应相干探测信号光斑随射频信号变化的偏移特性,利用光斑重叠物理模型,研究了光斑结构与探测效率的关系,分析了光束准直、探测器有效光敏面半径以及本振光能量匹配等因素对相干光探测效率的影响。计算机仿真和实验测试验证表明,以能量分布均匀的光斑作为本振光斑,对信号光斑在一定范围内漂移的光斑重叠相干探测效率改善十分有利,空间失配角在±0.5 rad内,重叠效率下降不到5%;采用光斑压缩准直处理能有效保证系统混频光束准直性,并且重叠光斑能量利用率高,系统光学匹配好。     

基于单片机的步进电机控制系统设计

为实现PC上位机或单片机单独控制步进电机,提出一种基于MSP430FG4618单片机实现的步进电机控制系统.利用单片机USART模块与PC机之间的串行通信或硬件矩阵键盘,通过脉冲分配器PMM8713和驱动器PMM2101控制步进电机的各种运行方式,实现三相或四相步进电机在不同工作方式下的启停、转向控制和调速等功能.通过输出转矩测量,系统从0～1.5 A增大过程中最大静转矩与电流有着近似的线性关系,估算误差在10%左右,验证了系统的合理性.     

模型基编码中的运动估值研究

在介绍模型编码基本原理的基础上,着重介绍了语义基编码,对它的运动估值技术作了详细分析,并用光流法对运动图像进行了运动估值,对该估值算法作了评价和展望。     

光斑均匀化在声光偏转相干探测系统的应用研究

针对声光偏转效应相干探测系统信号光斑随射频信号变化的偏移特性,利用光斑重叠物理模型,研究光斑结构与混频效率的关系,分析光轴偏移、探测器有效光敏面半径以及本振光能量匹配等因素对相干光探测效率的影响。计算机仿真和实验测试验证表明,以能量分布均匀光斑作为本振光斑,有利于在一定范围内漂移的信号光与参考光重叠相干混频效率改善,当信号光偏移量±0.5 mm内,重叠效率下降不到5%,通过光斑结构及能量分布的研究,为后续实际应用提供参考依据。     

一种全天候智能运动辅助系统的研究

本文设计了一种基于传感器和无线传输的运动辅助系统,人员佩戴的单元模块通过LoRa与上位机通信.接收上位机发出的心跳信号、采集运动和定位信息.肢体传感器通过2.4 G无线通信与相应的单元模块通信以及采集肢体运动数据.LoRa使得上位机可远程获取人员数据.单元模块和肢体传感器间采用2.4 G近距离通信,避免了各人员间数据干扰.     

通信分析仪中实时频率模板触发捕获技术研究

在通信分析仪中,频率模板触发要求系统把数字下变频后的数据能进行实时的FFT变换,把已获得的频谱形状与用户定义的模板在电平两个方向上进行比较,使得可以捕获某个敏感频段内的小信号。本文提出了频率模板触发在Virtex-5内部的实现方法,其内部资源丰富,运算能力强大,并且针对高性能逻辑进行了优化。FFT CORE功能强大,在系统优化下可以实现实时的FFT变换,并通过仿真验证了它的正确性和实时性,具有很好的参考价值。