Wear of CVD thick film diamond cutter while machining laminated flooring

The rapid improvement in man-made board indus-try indicates the potential development of woodworkingtools.As one of man-made board,HPL flooring alsogains strong growth in application with the rapid devel-opment of construction industry[1~3].The wear resist-ance layer of HPL flooring brings a challenge for themachining performance of tools.Some of traditional toolmaterials,such as high speed steel(HSS),cementedcarbide,cannot meet the urgent need of high speed,consistent cutting quality and …     

对极薄切削若干问题的分析

针对超精密切削的实现条件，即锋利的金刚石刀具和高精度、高刚性的切削机床及其他周边技术的支持，对极薄切削进行了分析．在其他加工条件固定时，金刚石刀具的刃口钝圆半径影响稳定切削时的切削厚度，进而影响切削变形、切削力、切削温度、刀具磨损和已加工表面质量．最小切削厚度的获得是反映超精密切削加工水平的重要标志，因此对极薄切削进行分析具有重要意义．     

基于田口法的微织构PCBN刀具织构参数优化

利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS研究微织构PCBN刀具车削Cr12MoV的过程,采用田口法进行正交试验设计,通过信噪比分析方法研究刀-屑实际接触面积、切削力和切削温度随织构参数的变化规律,并获得织构参数的最优组合.结果表明,刀-屑实际接触面积分别随织构槽宽和织构刃边距的增大而减小,织构槽宽和织构刃边距对刀具的切削性能影响...     

金刚石刀具晶面选择对切削过程及耐用度影响

超精密切削时,因所用的单晶金刚石刀具具有各向异性,故金刚石刀具晶面选择对切削过程、刀具的切削性能和耐用度有很大影响。本文从刀具与工件间的摩擦系数、刀具磨损及微观强调几个方面研究了金刚石刀具晶面选择对切削过程及刀具使用性能的影响。研究结果表明,金刚石和工件间的摩擦系数存在明显的各向异性,沿不同晶面、不同晶向上的摩擦系数相差很大。由于刀具的不同晶面、不同晶向的摩擦系数的差别。造成切削变形和刀具耐用度的     

Chip formation in high speed milling of Ti-6Al-4V alloy under nitrogen-oil-mist

High speed milling experiments using nitrogen-oil-mist as the cutting medium were carried out to investigate the characteristics of chip formation for Ti-6Al-4V alloy.Within the range of conditions employed（cutting speed,vc=190-300 m/min;cutting depth of axial,ap=5,7 mm）,saw-tooth chips were produced in these experiments.During the macro and micro analysis of the Ti-6Al-4V chips,an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope（SEM）were used to study the microstructure and the morphology of the chips,and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）was employed for chemical analysis.Comparisons were made to study the influence of different cutting media（nitrogen-oil-mist,air-oil-mist and dry cutting condition）on chip formation.Results indicate that cutting media have significant effects on chip formation.Nitrogen-oil-mist is more suitable for improving the contact condition at chip-tool interface and increasing the tool life in high speed milling of Ti-6Al-4V alloy than air-oil-mist and dry cutting.     

阶梯孔加工专用金刚石涂层刀具的制备装置研究

孔加工在机械加工领域是比较常见的加工工艺,而阶梯孔加工又占有比较重要的地位,应用范围比较广。汽车刹车片材料属耐磨材料,普通硬质合金刀具容易磨损、生产效率低、生产加工成本高。金刚石涂层刀具在钻削此类材料时,往往具有良好的切削加工性。采用上海交通大学研制的热丝CVD沉积装置,针对阶梯孔加工专用刀具的金刚石涂层技术,进行制备装置的研究。     

Experimental investigation and numerical simulation on interfacial carbon diffusion of diamond tool and ferrous metals

We numerically simulated and experimentally studied the interfacial carbon diffusion between diamond tool and workpiece materials. A diffusion model with respect to carbon atoms of diamond tool penetrating into chips and machined surface was established. The numerical simulation results of the diffusion process reveal that the distribution laws of carbon atoms concentration have a close relationship with the diffusion distance, the diffusion time, and the original carbon concentration of the work material. In addition, diamond face cutting tests of die steels with different carbon content are conducted at different depth of cuts and feed rates to verify the previous simulation results. The micro-morphology of the chips is detected by scanning electron microscopy. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis was proposed to investigate the change in carbon content of the chips surface. The experimental results of this work are of benefit to a better understanding on the diffusion wear mechanism in single crystal diamond cutting of ferrous metals. Moreover, the experimental results show that the diffusion wear of diamond could be reduced markedly by applying ultrasonic vibration to the cutting tool compared with conventional turning.     

Development of an ultrahard nanotwinned cBN micro tool for cutting hardened steel

Binderless nanotwinned cubic boron nitride (nt-cBN) synthesized from onion-structured BN precursors under high pressure and high temperature shows a very fine microstructure consisting of densely lamellar nanotwins (average thickness of 4 nm) within nanograins. The unique nanotwinned microstructure offers high hardness, wear resistance, fracture toughness, and thermal stability which are essential for advanced cBN tool materials. Thus, a circular micro tool of nt-cBN was fabricated using femtosecond laser contour machining followed by focused ion beam precision milling. Thereafter turning tests were performed on hardened steel using the studied micro tool. To evaluate the cutting performance, the machined surface quality and subsurface damage of the hardened steel were characterized. The wear mechanism of the nt-cBN micro tool was also investigated. It is found that the fabricated nt-cBN micro tool can generate high quality surface with surface roughness less than 7 nm and nanograin subsurface of about 500 nm deep. In addition, abrasive wear is found to be the dominant wear mechanism of the nt-cBN micro tool in turning hardened steel. These results indicate that nt-cBN has outstanding potential for ultra-precision cutting hardened steel.     

Tool sharpness in precision micro cutting process

As to probe the factors affecting the roughness and surface properties of work piece in mirco-cutting machining process, according to the principle of energy balance, using the method of experiments combining with theoretical analysis, this paper investigates the effect of cutting edge radius on the unit cutting force, the cutting component forces ratio Fy/Fz, as well as the roughness and surface properties of the work-piece. Experimental results show that the value of tool cutting edge arc ρ has a significant impact on elastic-plastic deformation of the cutting area, and its influence on the surface quality of processing and precision is greater than common cutting. The method of calculating the theoretical limits of the diamond tool cutting edge radius is feasible. The value of 0.0001 μm has some guiding significance for the developement of suitable cutting thickness to ensure the normal cutting.     

微织构球头铣刀加工钛合金的有限元仿真

为了研究微织构对球头铣刀切削性能的影响与表面微织构的抗磨减摩性能,通过分析微织构的设计理论,对微织构刀具和普通刀具切削钛合金TC4进行了三维动态切削仿真,对比分析了两种刀具在切削过程中切削力、切削温度及刀具磨损的变化.结果表明,在干式切削条件下,微织构刀具在切削过程中切削力降低了16%,切削温度降低了13%,磨损深度值是普通刀具的25%,但刀具变形变大.微织构在球头铣刀切削过程中能够减小切削力,降低切削温度,减小刀具前刀面的磨损,延长刀具寿命,但可能会影响加工精度.     

基于最小表面磨损率的铁基高温合金车削加工研究

根据最小表面磨损率理论,使用涂层硬质合金刀具对铁基高温合金GH2132进行了干式车削试验。采用单因素法优选切削参数,建立了最小表面磨损率条件下切削力、切削温度及表面粗糙度与切削用量之间的关系,借助电子扫描显微镜(SEM)对试验中产生的加工现象和刀具磨损机理进行了阐述。试验结果表明:刀具在进给量f=0.1 mm/r,切削深度ap=0.1 mm,切削速度v=90 m/min条件下切削时,刀具磨损强度最低,消耗最少,切削路程最长,加工精度最高;刀具的磨损机理前期以涂层剥落为主,后期主要表现为疲劳引起的切削刃崩刃。     

表面微坑织构对球头铣刀片结构强度的影响

为了分析微坑织构对球头铣刀片的应力与变形的影响,利用DEFORM-3D有限元分析软件对钛合金TC4进行了动态仿真,得到了X、Y、Z方向的切削力.将切削力施加在球头铣刀片相应的接触区域上,借助ANSYS进行静力仿真,分析了微坑织构对球头铣刀片结构强度的影响,并采用正交试验和极差分析法优化织构参数.结果表明,微坑织构可以增大铣刀片的等效应力,并减少铣刀片变形;织构参数对结构强度影响顺序为:间距直径距刃深度.     

金刚石圆锯片切割石材过程研究

将金刚石圆锯片切割石材过程中的加工对象、加工刀具、加工工艺作为一个有机研究对象，提出金刚石对石材的切割作用主要为挤压、滑擦和压碎；金刚石颗粒的损耗过程可分为正常损耗和异常损耗；探讨了加工工艺对金刚石颗粒损耗的影响。     

基于车铣技术的微小型零件完整加工

微小型零件在加工过程中抓取和再定位的难度,极大地影响了加工精度和加工效率,完整加工为微小零件的加工提供了一个可行的方法．分析了完整加工的特点,阐述了微小零件完整加工的必要性,结合实例对微小型零件的完整加工进行了分析．     

微铣削Ti6Al4V刀具磨损机理研究

采用直径1mm带涂层硬质合金微铣刀在Ti6Al4V材料表面展开微铣削刀具磨损试验,研究三个主要切削参数即主轴转速、每齿进给量、切削深度对切削力及刀具磨损量的影响;试验利用扫描电子显微镜与能谱仪观察刀具磨损形貌,分析其化学元素的变化,研究微铣削刀具的磨损机理。结果表明:每齿进给量与切削深度的增大造成切削力、刀具磨损量均变大,为了减小微铣刀磨损,延长使用寿命,可提升主轴转速,选用较小的每齿进给量及切削深度进行加工。微铣削Ti6Al4V刀具磨损主要发生在刀尖部位,并且多种磨损形式同时出现,粘结磨损是造成刀具磨损的主要原因,低速条件下微铣削刀具的损伤机理以磨粒磨损和粘结磨损为主,切削速度增大后发生粘结磨损的同时微铣刀刀尖处有一定程度的氧化磨损。     

CVD金刚石膜激光铲平切割工艺研究

YAG金刚石激光铲平切割机是针对宁夏机械研究院生产的CVD金刚石膜进行后加工的设备.文章介绍了金刚石膜激光铲平切割机的工作原理、结构及其优越性.通过大量的CVD金刚石膜的切割试验,同时采用工具显微镜、扫描电子显微镜对切割后的CVD金刚石进行观察、比较,从大量的试验数据中总结出了影响金刚石膜切割质量的主要因素有激光输出功率、激光束焦点位置、切割速度及编程方法,并对其进行了深入阐述.研究结果表明,CVD金刚石膜切割的最佳工艺条件:激光输出功率为45W左右,激光束焦点处于CVD金刚石膜厚度的中心位置,切割速度在10～50mm/min之间,采用无指令加工方式并选择适当的加工路径.     

精密深孔加工技术的探索与研究

精密深孔加工是精密车削的重要组成部分。精密深孔加工时,特别当孔的直径较小而孔深较深时,加工就更困难,必须对切削刀具和加工工艺采取一系列措施,以改善可加工性。通过对深孔加工刀具深孔麻花钻、枪钻、喷射钻的结构特点、加工原理及加工优势等方面进行分析,在几个加工方法中进行试验与研究,结合零件实际,探索深孔加工方法。通过试验研究,总结出一套在带有深孔钻功能的数控车床上,用枪钻加工孔径范围Φ5-10mm,深径比15-30的深孔加工方法。     

Investigation of Surface Micro Waviness in Single Point Diamond Fly Cutting

Single point diamond fly cutting is widely used in the manufacture of large-aperture ultra-precision optical elements. However, some micro waviness （amplitude about 30 nm, wavelength about 15 ram） along the cutting direction which will decrease the quality of the optical elements can always be found in the processed surface, and the axial vibration of the spindle caused by the cut-in process is speculated as the immediate cause of this waviness. In this paper, the analytical method of dynamic mesh is applied for simulating the dynamic behavior of the vertical spindle. The consequence is then exerted to the fly cutter and the processed surface profile is simulated. The wavelength of the simulation result coincides well with the experimental result which proves the importance of the cut-in process during the single point diamond fly cutting.     

PDC刀具切削花岗岩的过程研究

采用新型刀具ＰＤＣ（聚晶金刚石复合片）切削花岗岩，观察花岗岩的切削破碎过程和ＰＤＣ刀具的磨损过程、形貌及切削力的变化．研究结果表明：ＰＤＣ刀具切削花岗岩的过程即为岩石破碎的循环过程，当切削深度较小时，岩石的矿物特性对破碎过程的裂纹扩展起着主导作用；采用浸水切削方式，能有效地降低花岗岩切削过程的切削力；ＰＤＣ刀具的磨损机理主要是机械作用引起聚晶金刚石层微裂纹产生并扩展而导致的金刚石颗粒的微观解理破碎．研究结果为优化花岗岩的切削条件、合理设计切削花岗岩的ＰＤＣ刀具及合理使用低压水射须辅助切削技术提供了理论依据。     

超声振动铣削运动学及其对切削力的影响

为了改善微细铣削的加工条件,研究了利用超声振动辅助微细铣削对切削力的影响.基于对刀具轨迹的运动学分析,讨论了利用超声振动辅助微细铣削时实现刀具-工件分离的必要参数条件,以2A12为实验工件材料,通过超声振子带动工件沿进给方向进行超声振动,并采用多组参数进行了铣槽实验.实验结果分析表明,采用合理的切削及振动参数配比,进给方向超声振动辅助微细铣削可改变刀具-工件的相对运动方式,实现分离型断续铣削,可获得近似脉冲状切削力并有效减小切削力的均值,选择合理的振幅可明显减小进给方向切削分力峰值.