某放射性废水蒸发池退役源项调查

近年来，我国即将有一批研究实验堆、核燃料循环设施和放射性实验设施进入退役阶段，而退役过程中一个重要的工作是源项调查，其主要目标是确定各类场所表面、物体等是否受到污染、污染类型及分布情况。源项调查结果将直接影响退役方案的制订和实施。本工作针对某放射性废水蒸发池退役进行的源项调查。     

M310核电机组一回路主要沉积源项调查分析

源项控制是核电站降低集体剂量的重要手段,沉积源项调查可以为源项控制提供数据支持,有利于源项控制顺利开展。文章围绕福清核电站沉积源项调查成果,对源项调查的意义、方法、结果分析进行了介绍,并结合调查结果讨论了减少沉积源项的方法,给出福清核电站今后沉积源项调查的规划建议。     

铀尾矿库退役后的污染源项调查方法

从源项调查的目的、意义、基本内容和主要方法等方面进行了研究,分析了国内该方面研究工作的主要动态,指出了目前源项调查工作存在的主要问题,并对退役治理工作提出了合理的建议。     

源项调查技术在某核电站源项异常分析中的应用实践

源项调查技术已经在国内外核电站广泛应用,源项调查所获得的核素种类、表面活度、核素剂量率贡献占比等信息是重要的源项基础数据。这些数据为源项控制策略制定、源项异常分析、辐射屏蔽设计、机组源项信息建档等工作提供了重要支撑。文章介绍了某CPR1000机组使用碲锌镉γ谱测量系统开展源项调查的情况,以及通过源项调查结果辅助确定机组源项异常原因的实践经验。     

核设施退役源项调查会议--IAEA专家报告内容简介

1　前言核设施退役源项调查会议于 2 0 0 4年 1 0月1 1～1 5日在北京举行。会议由国家环保总局核安全中心和中国原子能科学研究院共同举办。包括IAEA的三名技术官员在内 ,国家环保总局核安全中心 ,以及国内相关研究单位的2 0多名代表参加了本次会议。本次会议旨在结合目前国内核设施退役源项调查中存在的一些问题 ,向IAEA技术专家学习 ,以促进我国核设施退役工作的发展。会议主要涉及源项调查的基本内容和核设施退役数据的记录管理。Mr.DennisW .Reisenweaver(美国 )介绍了历史场址的评估 ;Mr.DouglasG .Draper(美国 )介绍了源项调查…     

某涉氚操作实验室源项调查活动对人员和环境的影响

在某涉氚实验室退役前期,为获得其中的放射性物质和其他有毒有害物质的信息,开展了源项调查。在源项调查活动中,根据该实验室的具体情况,采取了适当的辐射防护措施,并对从事该源项调查的工作人员和周围居民所受的放射性危害进行了监测和分析。结果表明：此次源项调查活动对该实验室所在的厂址环境有一定的影响,实验室外10 m范围内空气中的HTO略有升高,植物中氚含量明显提高,河水中的氚浓度均有一定程度的上升,但环境中的总α、总β仍处于当地本底水平范围;在进行源项调查期间,工作人员因氚所致的内照射最大值为0.111 mSv,公众所受的个人剂量为7.750×10^-5mSv。     

某研究所放射性实验设施退役工程源项调查

辐射安全研究部监测与评价室2006年承担并完成了某研究所放射性实验设施退役工程的源项调查。源项调查在整个退役过程中是非常重要的一个环节，作为退役工程不可缺少的一部分，源项调查本身就是一个独立的工作，其结果为退役方案的制定、环境影响评价以及最终的退役实施提供最基础、最重要的依据。     

某硬岩型铀矿退役治理源项调查

源项调查是核设施退役治理前期的重要工作。通过具体实例分析,探讨了某硬岩型铀矿退役治理源项调查的监测内容和方法、方案设计、调查实施和数据处理等内容。可为铀矿冶及伴生矿退役治理项目的前期工作开展提供参考。     

乏燃料后处理厂强放区域退役初始源项调查研究

随着退役治理专项工作的有序推进,我国早期乏燃料后处理等设施现已转入退役关键阶段,获得放射性特性数据等是退役前必须做的重要工作。本文首次依据我国遗留后处理厂退役初始源项调查科研任务,以工程现状、退役对源项的需求和测量技术基础作为出发点,确定了强放区域的调查原则、调查要求,通过系统设计,集成开发了以无损测量方法作为主要调查手段、面向在线工艺系统的放射性特性调查成套测量技术,为后处理厂强放区域退役奠定了源项基础。本文重点论述了总体设计中遇到的关键技术问题,以及如何运用这些技术解决问题。该方法的总体设计思路具有示范作用,可以作为设计复杂退役调查技术决策的重要依据。     

101重水研究堆安全关闭过渡期放射性源项调查

针对我国第1座研究性反应堆（101重水研究堆）安全关闭过渡期的放射性源项调查,采用对可达部位取样分析与理论计算相结合的方法,给出了堆本体主要部件的中子活化源项。采用现场测量和对管道、设备内壁取样的方法获取了回路系统污染源项。另外,对反应堆厂房构筑物地面和墙面的污染水平、乏燃料保存水池和废树脂等进行了较为全面的现场测量和取样分析。通过源项调查,初步掌握了101重水研究堆退役的主要放射性源项的特点和存留量。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.